database development cycle
DESCRIPTION
Database Development Cycle. Track 3: Managing Information Using Database. Objectives. Database planning System Definition Requirements collection and analysis Database design DBMS selection Application design Prototyping Implementation Data Conversion and loading Testing - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Database Development Cycle
Track 3: Managing Information Using Database
Objectives– Database planning
– System Definition
– Requirements collection and analysis
– Database design
– DBMS selection
– Application design
– Prototyping
– Implementation
– Data Conversion and loading
– Testing
– Operational Maintenance
Database Planning
Systems Definition
Requirements Collectionand analysis
Database DesignDBMSSelection
ApplicationDesign
Implementation
Data Conversion and loading
Testing
Evaluation & Maintenance
Prototyping
Life Cycle
Source: http://www.cs/ucf.edu/courses/cgs2545/CH02/index.htm
Database PlanningCurrent systems evaluation
Development of Standards
Technological feasability
Operational feasability
Economical feasability
Requirements Collection and Analysis• identifying management information
requirements, • determining information requirements by
functional area,• and establishing hardware and software
requirements
Systems definitionData dictionary Metadata
Database Design
Conceptual design
Logical design
Physical design
DBMS Selection* Costs
* Features and Tools
* Underlying model
* Portability
* DBMS hardware requirements
Application design
• Application program design
• User Interface design
Prototyping
Develop theworking model
Build the prototype
Use and Testthe prototype
Review theprototype
Decision
Abandonapplication
ImplementApplication
RedevelopApplication
Begin newprototype
Implementation
• The physical realisation of the database and application designs
• the detailed model is converted to the appropriate implementation model, the data dictionary is built, the database is populated, application programs are developed and users are trained
Data Conversion and Loading & Testing
• Transferring any existing data into the new database and converting any existing applications to run on the new database
• Finding errors
Database Evaluation
• Interviewing and polling users to determine whether any data needs are unmet.
Operational maintenance• preventive maintenance (backup)
• corrective maintenance (recovery)1
• adaptive maintenance
• assignment of access
• regular monitoring & periodical check up
Data & Database administration
• Data administration is the management of the data resources
• Database administration is the management of physical realisation of the database application
Database design methodology
• A structured approach that uses procedures, techniques, tools, and documentation aids to support and facilitate the process of design.
* Conceptual database design
* Logical database design
* Physical database design
Entity, Attribute, Relationship
Client
NameAddressPostcode
Passport
Passport NoExp.Data
Itinerary
DateCityContact
EntityAttribute
Relationship
Conceptual Design Phase
DATA
TOP-DOWN
BOTTOM-UP
Identify Entities
Identify Relationships
Identify Attributes
Identify Relationships
Identify Dependencies
Collect Data
Basic relationships
•One-to-One
•One-to-many
•Many to many
HUSBAND WIFEis married to
is married to
TRACK PARTICIPANTSbelongs to
has
Trackis helds in
holds
Trainer
Logical design phase
1. REFINE THE CONCEPTUAL MODEL
ConceptualE.A.R Model
Refined Conceptual Model
2.APPLY THE RULES OF NORMALIZATION
LogicalData
Model
Refining the Conceptual model
• Refine the attributes
– example:
• Synonyms
• Hononyms
Physical Database DesignLogical Data Model Logical Process Model
TR
Track 01 Country
Database creationCREATE DATABASECREATE TABLELOAD
PhysicalImplementationProcess
Critical Success Factors in Database Design
• Work interactively with the users as much as possible.
• Follow a structured methodology throughout the data modelling process.
• Incorporate structural and integrity considerations into the data models.
• Combine conceptualisation, normalisation, and transaction validation techniques into the data modelling methodology.
Exercise (Conceptual design)
List 1
List 2
Track No: 1 Track name: Managing information using Database
Participantcode
Participantname
Age Position Country Address
Country code Country name Participant code Participant name Track name
Create a conceptual E.A.R model of the database for the following lists. (List up the necessaryDATA ITEMS, set up ENTITIES and their ATTRIBUTES, and identify the relationship among the entities )
List 1 is the list of participants’ information by track
List 2 is the list of participants’ information by countries
Answer
ParticipantParticipant nameParticipant codeAgeAddressPosition
TrackTrack numberTrack name
CountryCountry codeCountry name
EntityAttribute
RelationshipZero one or many
Just one
One or many
Justone
Exercise: Primary and Foreign Key
Participantcode
Participantname
Age Position Address Country code
Country nameCountry code Track nameTrack code Participant code
Please identify primary and foreign key.
Primary key
Foreign key
Answer
Participantcode
Participantname
Age Position Address Country code
Country nameCountry code Track nameTrack code Participant code