date: april 23, 2015 purpose: design a conceptual permanent self-sustaining martian base with a...
TRANSCRIPT
2015 RASC-AL Competition Team
Date: April 23, 2015
Purpose: Design a conceptual permanent self-sustaining Martian base with a concentration on in-situ resource utilization
Josiah EmeryBrian Crane Josh MannLogan CoardZach Desocio
Andrew GermanSteven Trenor
Jon ButtramJonathan Ricci
Gregory GreeneIan Nemetz-
Gardener
Power and Energy SystemsRadiation effects on MarsIn-situ Plastic ProductionStructure DesignWater productionMechanical Properties: Martian PermafrostAdditional areas (analyzed but not
discussed):Food productionTransportation
Base Design ElementsBrian Crane
Power and Energy SystemsJonathan Ricci and Hunter GreeneRapid-L nuclear reactor
5 MW of thermal energy200 KW of electrical energy
Solar panel arraysReliability Initial power source
Fuel cellsRadioisotope powered rovers
Radiation Effects on MarsIan Nemetz-Gardner and Jonathan ButtramTypes of radiation
Neutron FluxGalactic CosmicHigh and low Linear Energy Transfer (LET)Rapid-L radiation
Radiation levels on MarsProtection Methods
Regolith shieldingLiquid methane and water
Expert ConsultationDr. Britten of EVMS
The Sabatier Reaction• CO2 (g) + 4 H2 (g) CH4 + 2 H2O
Oxidative Coupling of Methane to Ethylene
• CH4 + O2 C2H4 + H2OSlurry Reaction (TiCl3 = Zeigler-Natta Catalyst)
• C2H4 Polyethylene + (C2H4)n
In-situ Plastic ProductionSteven Trenor
Structure DesignLogan Coard and Zach DesocioBase Size
Supports 24 people Size: Approximately 1540 m3
Structure ShapeFour cylindrical modules connected with airlock
chambers (7 m Diameter, 10 m Long)Inflatable structures
Can support up to 5 m of regolithEstimated life span: 20 yearsPressurized bladder with Vectran exoskeleton Mylar and Dacron due to decompostition of Vectran
Water ProductionJosh MannWater is an essential resource for all base systemsPossible sources of water:
Equatorial brine streaks (unreliable)Subsurface permafrost in northern polar region
Extraction system:Fracture regolith-ice layersTransport to rock crusher
Mining machinery analogPressurized tank for water evaporation
Thermal energy from Rapid-L
Approximate analysis60 kg of water from a 12 hour cycle and 1 MW of thermal
energy
Mechanical Properties: Martian PermafrostBrian CraneColonization is feasible because of water
Mechanical properties of permafrost needed Three point bend test at NASA Langley
Research CenterYields:
Bending StressShear StressMaximum LoadingEffective Young’s Modulus
Predict levels of force required on actual Martian surface
Mechanical Properties: Martian PermafrostAndrew GermanTesting:
No access to actual Martian JSC-1a Martian regolith simulant Volcanic sand from an island in Hawaii
Water content selection 15 to 35% by mass water in increments of 5% Additional samples: 2% by NaCL
Temperature selection -140 C (130.15 K): minimum surface temperature -63 C (210.15 K): average surface temperature -20 C (253.15 K): typical summer temperature
Mechanical Properties: Martian PermafrostJon ButtramSample Creation:
Foam molds utilized (water ice expansion)Layer of Saran wrap to protect against water damageJSC-1a baked to remove initial moisture and air
moleculesDry ice
Simulates carbon dioxide rich environment during freezingSample total: 54
9 at each water content 3 trials for each condition Minimum for statistical analysis
Mechanical Properties: Martian PermafrostZach Desocio
Testing Parameters:250 lb load cellApplied a strain rate: 0.05 in/sCryogenic chamber and liquid nitrogenThermocouples for measuring real time
temperature On load applicator On extra sample in chamber to ensure proper
temperatureTwo failure modes of the samples
Mechanical Properties: Martian PermafrostJosiah EmeryGoal: determine bend and shear stress for
breakingResults:
Mechanical Properties: Martian PermafrostJosiah Emery
Conclusions:Breaking force increases with water contentStrength is minimal at 15% or lower water contentPermafrost appears stronger at -63 C (210.15 K)
Decrease in strength at other temperatures Rock crushing is a feasible option
At low concentrations, the effects of temperature were minimal
Influence of brine on sample strength is unclear Does not appear to be a problem
Mechanical Properties: Martian PermafrostJosiah EmeryDiscussion
Failure modes: Immediate failure at maximum loading Formation of cracks and constant loading until failure
Sources of error: Hand-made foam molds Anisotropic material JSC-1a simulates Martian regolith
Future work: Different freezing rates (size of ice crystals – Dr. Hudson) Increase sample population Thermophysical properties