dav chap6 part1 jul2009
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IMD20503 -DIGITAL AUDIO & VIDEO
CHAPTER 6VIDEO RECORDING
Part 1
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OBJECTIVES
• Copyright issues
• Video tape formats
• Hardware and software considerations
• Shooting techniques
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Copyr ight Issues
• Alternatives for obtaining video to use in multimedia projectswithout the legal hurdles of copyright infringement, or having tohire a full professional team to record for you:
1. Playback video from video laser discs/CDs/DVDs
• Multimedia programs can play back laser discs and also
modify the order in which video clips are viewed.2. Purchase royalty-free video files (clip video)
• A number of companies provide royalty-free video files,which can be incorporated into different components ofyour application. Read the agreement included with theseproducts. Although they are royalty-free, they may not becopyright-free. Many companies spell out in detail how youmay or may not use these files.
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Copyr ight
Issues…cont ’d
3. Record your own video.• This is the surest way to avoid any copyright problems;
however, you must be aware that the location at which youplan to record may have restrictions regarding privacy.Also, be aware that persons appearing in your tape have aright to reject being videotaped, so you must ask first, thenobtain a model’s release from them.
4. You can secure rights releases from people you interview.• If you interview people or use talent to record testimonials,
make sure that you secure releases of the rights to the
narration.• Although not a written law, the general tradition is that one can
reproduce up to 10% of a work within the realm of “Fair Use”,typically for educational, but not commercial, purposes.
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Videotape
• The information recorded on videotape resides on severaltracks, visual frames, audio signals and a time-code signal.
• On a standard broadcast tape, the smallest area is actually thevideo track, with the left and right audio tracks occupying most ofthe space.
• An important component of the videotape is the Time Code track.• The Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers
(SMPTE) developed a standard known as the SMPTE code toprovide synchronization of all tape components.
• This code measures the tape in hours, minutes, seconds andframes, so the first frame of the active part of a tape will be00H00M00S01F. (00:00:00:01)
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A schematic diagram of an 1” videotape
Videotape
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Videotape
Formats
• Factors in determining the quality of video signal:
– Composite (Consumer), S-video (Prosumer),Component (Professional)
– The number of horizontal lines of resolution that aredisplayed.
• Different video tape formats record and playbackdifferent resolutions.
• It also have different methods of recording the video
signal on the tape.• Different video formats use different size videotapes
ranging in sizes from 8mm to 1 inch.
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Videotape
Formats
• Analog videotape is still around even though it is slowly
being replaced by digital signal.• VHS tape is not going to disappear overnight despite
the DVD technology is growing faster.
• In the professional arena, the industry standardBetacam SP tape format won’t go away soon.
• Many professional have spent a lot of money investingin Betacam SP technology and won’t throw away their
expensive equipments and change to digital format.• Instead, analog and digital videotape format will coexist
in the professional area.
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Videotape
Form at s - Analog
Consumer Prosumer Professional
VHS S-VHS Betacam SP
VHS-C Hi-8
8 mm
Analog Videotape Formats
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Videotape
Form at s - Analog
• Consumer analog tape formats
1. VHS – Video Home System
– ½ inch wide
– 240 horizontal lines of resolution
– Lowest quality videotape format
– VHS video camera tend to be large, heavy andawkward.
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Videotape
Form at s - Analog
DVD / VCR Combo With Divx
VCR player
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Videotape
Form at s - Analog
• Consumer analog tape formats
2. VHS-C – ½ inch wide
– 240 horizontal lines of resolution
– It was designed in a smaller compact form; “C”
– VHS-C was created to allow for smaller, lightervideo cameras.
– Need to use an adapter to play it using regularVHS VCR.
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Videotape
Form at s - Analog
VHS-C Adapter
VHS-C tape
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• Consumer analog tape formats
3. 8 mm(Video 8) – 8 mm wide
– Higher resolution than VHS.
– Used in smaller video cameras.
– Cannot be playback directly in a VCR.
Videotape
Form at s - Analog
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• Prosumer analog tape formats
1. S-VHS – Super-VHS
– ½ inch wide
– 420 horizontal lines of resolution and stereoquality audio.
Videotape
Form at s - Analog
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Videotape
Form at s - Analog
• Prosumer analog tape formats
2. Hi-8 (Analog and Digital) – 8mm wide
– 420 horizontal lines of resolution
– Same quality with S-VHS but it surpasses inaudio quality ( Hi-Fi PCM stereo audio).
– It uses small, light and easy to handle video
camera.
– Cannot be playback directly in a VCR.
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Videotape
Form at s - Analog
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Videotape
Form at s - Analog
• Professional analog tape formats
1. Betacam SP – Developed by Sony and uses ½ inch wide
videotape.
– “SP” Superior Performance – High quality video signal used by broadcast
television stations and video production houses
– Betacam SP cameras, tapes and video decksare expensive.
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Videotape
Form at s - Analog
Betacam SP tape
Betacam VTR
Betacam camera
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Videotape
Form at s - Dig i t a l
• Nowadays, the inexpensive consumer digital videotape
formats rival the picture quality of Betacam SP.• The digital video standard were developed by 10prominent electronics companies; Sony, Panasonic,JVC, Hitachi, Sanyo, Sharp, Mitsubishi, Toshiba,
Philips and Thompson.• They set the standard for 2 types of digital video:
– SD (Standard Definition-SDTV)
– HD (High Definition – HDTV)• The standard DV cassette has 482 horizontal lines of
resolution and can record up to 270 minutes.
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Videotape
Form at s - Dig i t a l
Consumer Prosumer Professional
Mini DV DVCAM Betacam SX
Digital 8 DVCPRO Digital SDVCPRO 50
Digital Videotape Formats
Left to right: DVCAM-L, DVCPRO-M, MiniDV
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Videotape
Form at s - Dig i t a l
• Consumer digital tape formats
1. Mini-DV – ¼ inch wide tape
– Most consumer electronics manufacturers such
as Sony. JVC, Panasonic and Canon offersdigital video cameras that use Mini-DV format.
– Can record up to 500 horizontal lines of
resolution.
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Videotape
Form at s - Dig i t a l
• Consumer digital tape formats
2. Digital-8 – Sony offers digital video cameras that use the
Digital 8 videotape format.
– It can record on analog Hi-8 or 8mm videotape. – It is also capable of playing back both Hi-8 and
8 mm tapes.
– Can record up to 500 horizontal lines ofresolution.
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Videotape
Form at s - Dig i t a l
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Videotape
Form at s - Dig i t a l
• Prosumer digital tape formats
1. DVCM – ¼ inch wide videotape
– Compatible with standard DV and can be
played back in a standard DV machine.
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Videotape
Form at s - Dig i t a l
• Prosumer digital tape formats
2. DVCPRO – ¼ inch wide videotape
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Videotape
Form at s - Dig i t a l
• Professional digital tape formats
1. Betacam SX – Standard for broadcast video professional
– Same size as Betacam SP using ½ inch tape
format. – Can record up to 124 minutes
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Videotape
Form at s - Dig i t a l
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Videotape
Form at s - Dig i t a l
• Professional digital tape formats
2. Digital-S or D-9 – Use ½ inch tape format
– Can record tapes up to 124 minutes on a single
tape. – Digital S is capable of playing back S-VHS tape.
– Physically it look like a standard VHS tape on
the outside, a special mechanism prevents itfrom being accidentally loaded into a VCR.
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Videotape
Form at s - Dig i t a l
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Videotape
Form at s - Dig i t a l
• Professional digital tape formats
3. DVCPRO 50 – Use ¼ inch tape format
IMD20503 -DIGITAL AUDIO & VIDEO
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IMD20503 DIGITAL AUDIO & VIDEO
THE END