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Implementing Plant Hydraulics for CLM5 Daniel Kennedy 1 , Sean Swenson 2 , Keith Oleson 2 , Dave Lawrence 2 , Rosie Fisher 2 , Pierre Gentine 1 1: Columbia University, Department of Earth & Environmental Engineering 2: NCAR, Climate & Global Dynamics Lab

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Page 1: Dave Lawrence2, Rosie Fisher , Pierre Gentine Daniel Kennedy1, … · 2018. 2. 9. · ψ sunlit-leaf ψ shade-leaf ψ root ψ stem E sun E shade k s,1 k s,2 k s,n k 2 k 1,a k 1,b

Implementing Plant Hydraulics for CLM5

Daniel Kennedy1, Sean Swenson2, Keith Oleson2, Dave Lawrence2, Rosie Fisher2, Pierre Gentine1

1: Columbia University, Department of Earth & Environmental Engineering2: NCAR, Climate & Global Dynamics Lab

Page 2: Dave Lawrence2, Rosie Fisher , Pierre Gentine Daniel Kennedy1, … · 2018. 2. 9. · ψ sunlit-leaf ψ shade-leaf ψ root ψ stem E sun E shade k s,1 k s,2 k s,n k 2 k 1,a k 1,b

slide courtesy: Dave LawrenceIntroduction - 1

Page 3: Dave Lawrence2, Rosie Fisher , Pierre Gentine Daniel Kennedy1, … · 2018. 2. 9. · ψ sunlit-leaf ψ shade-leaf ψ root ψ stem E sun E shade k s,1 k s,2 k s,n k 2 k 1,a k 1,b

slide courtesy: Dave LawrenceIntroduction - 1

Can we represent vegetation water potential in CLM?

Page 4: Dave Lawrence2, Rosie Fisher , Pierre Gentine Daniel Kennedy1, … · 2018. 2. 9. · ψ sunlit-leaf ψ shade-leaf ψ root ψ stem E sun E shade k s,1 k s,2 k s,n k 2 k 1,a k 1,b

Model Vegetation Water Potential

Introduction - 2

Page 5: Dave Lawrence2, Rosie Fisher , Pierre Gentine Daniel Kennedy1, … · 2018. 2. 9. · ψ sunlit-leaf ψ shade-leaf ψ root ψ stem E sun E shade k s,1 k s,2 k s,n k 2 k 1,a k 1,b

Model Vegetation Water Potential

Hydraulic Redistribution

Root Water Extraction

Water Stress

Introduction - 2

Page 6: Dave Lawrence2, Rosie Fisher , Pierre Gentine Daniel Kennedy1, … · 2018. 2. 9. · ψ sunlit-leaf ψ shade-leaf ψ root ψ stem E sun E shade k s,1 k s,2 k s,n k 2 k 1,a k 1,b

...

ψsunlit-leaf

ψshade-leaf

ψroot

ψstem

Esun

Eshade

ks,1

ks,2

ks,n

k2

k1,a

k1,b

kr,1

kr,2

kr,n

ψsoil,2

ψsoil,n

ψsoil,1

Plant Hydraulic Stress: “PHS”● Solve for vegetation water

potential values that:○ satisfy flow continuity○ match supply & demand

● Water supply○ Darcy’s Law○ q = k( ) A Δ

● Water demand○ E = Emaxf( leaf)○ Emax via Medlyn

Model Description - 1

Page 7: Dave Lawrence2, Rosie Fisher , Pierre Gentine Daniel Kennedy1, … · 2018. 2. 9. · ψ sunlit-leaf ψ shade-leaf ψ root ψ stem E sun E shade k s,1 k s,2 k s,n k 2 k 1,a k 1,b

Each timestep PHS solves for● root, ● stem, ● shade, and ● sun leaf water potential

Find the set of water potentials that balances● water supply

○ q = kAΔ ● water demand

○ E = Emaxf( )

Model Description - 2

Page 8: Dave Lawrence2, Rosie Fisher , Pierre Gentine Daniel Kennedy1, … · 2018. 2. 9. · ψ sunlit-leaf ψ shade-leaf ψ root ψ stem E sun E shade k s,1 k s,2 k s,n k 2 k 1,a k 1,b

PHS

Model Description - 3

SMS

Medlyn Stomatal Conductance Model

CLM5 default All previous versions

Page 9: Dave Lawrence2, Rosie Fisher , Pierre Gentine Daniel Kennedy1, … · 2018. 2. 9. · ψ sunlit-leaf ψ shade-leaf ψ root ψ stem E sun E shade k s,1 k s,2 k s,n k 2 k 1,a k 1,b

PHS

Model Description - 3

SMS

Medlyn Stomatal Conductance Model

Attenuation based on leaf water potential

Attenuation based on soil water potential

CLM5 default All previous versions

STRESS

Page 10: Dave Lawrence2, Rosie Fisher , Pierre Gentine Daniel Kennedy1, … · 2018. 2. 9. · ψ sunlit-leaf ψ shade-leaf ψ root ψ stem E sun E shade k s,1 k s,2 k s,n k 2 k 1,a k 1,b

PHS

Model Description - 3

SMS

Medlyn Stomatal Conductance Model

Attenuation based on leaf water potential

Attenuation based on soil water potential

Distributed among soil layers based on

hydraulic gradient

Distributed among soil layers based on BTRAN heuristic

CLM5 default All previous versions

STRESS

SINK

Page 11: Dave Lawrence2, Rosie Fisher , Pierre Gentine Daniel Kennedy1, … · 2018. 2. 9. · ψ sunlit-leaf ψ shade-leaf ψ root ψ stem E sun E shade k s,1 k s,2 k s,n k 2 k 1,a k 1,b

Caxiuana, Brazil

Experiment Description

Page 12: Dave Lawrence2, Rosie Fisher , Pierre Gentine Daniel Kennedy1, … · 2018. 2. 9. · ψ sunlit-leaf ψ shade-leaf ψ root ψ stem E sun E shade k s,1 k s,2 k s,n k 2 k 1,a k 1,b

PHS SMS

Throughfall Excluded

Throughfall Ambient

Throughfall Ambient

Throughfall Excluded

Experiment Description

Caxiuaña, Brazil

Page 13: Dave Lawrence2, Rosie Fisher , Pierre Gentine Daniel Kennedy1, … · 2018. 2. 9. · ψ sunlit-leaf ψ shade-leaf ψ root ψ stem E sun E shade k s,1 k s,2 k s,n k 2 k 1,a k 1,b

Hydraulic Gradient Root Water Extraction

...

ψsunlit-leaf

ψshade-leaf

ψroot

ψstem

Esun

Eshade

ks,1

ks,2

ks,n

k2

k1,a

k1,b

kr,1

kr,2

kr,n

ψsoil,2

ψsoil,n

ψsoil,1

Page 14: Dave Lawrence2, Rosie Fisher , Pierre Gentine Daniel Kennedy1, … · 2018. 2. 9. · ψ sunlit-leaf ψ shade-leaf ψ root ψ stem E sun E shade k s,1 k s,2 k s,n k 2 k 1,a k 1,b

Hydraulic Gradient Root Water Extraction

...

ψsunlit-leaf

ψshade-leaf

ψroot

ψstem

Esun

Eshade

ks,1

ks,2

ks,n

k2

k1,a

k1,b

kr,1

kr,2

kr,n

ψsoil,2

ψsoil,n

ψsoil,1

Page 15: Dave Lawrence2, Rosie Fisher , Pierre Gentine Daniel Kennedy1, … · 2018. 2. 9. · ψ sunlit-leaf ψ shade-leaf ψ root ψ stem E sun E shade k s,1 k s,2 k s,n k 2 k 1,a k 1,b

Hydraulic Gradient Root Water Extraction

...

ψsunlit-leaf

ψshade-leaf

ψroot

ψstem

Esun

Eshade

ks,1

ks,2

ks,n

k2

k1,a

k1,b

kr,1

kr,2

kr,n

ψsoil,2

ψsoil,n

ψsoil,1q = k A Δ

Page 16: Dave Lawrence2, Rosie Fisher , Pierre Gentine Daniel Kennedy1, … · 2018. 2. 9. · ψ sunlit-leaf ψ shade-leaf ψ root ψ stem E sun E shade k s,1 k s,2 k s,n k 2 k 1,a k 1,b

Hydraulic Gradient Root Water Extraction

...

ψsunlit-leaf

ψshade-leaf

ψroot

ψstem

Esun

Eshade

ks,1

ks,2

ks,n

k2

k1,a

k1,b

kr,1

kr,2

kr,n

ψsoil,2

ψsoil,n

ψsoil,1q = k A ( soil,i- root)

PHS: prognostic water potential

Page 17: Dave Lawrence2, Rosie Fisher , Pierre Gentine Daniel Kennedy1, … · 2018. 2. 9. · ψ sunlit-leaf ψ shade-leaf ψ root ψ stem E sun E shade k s,1 k s,2 k s,n k 2 k 1,a k 1,b

Hydraulic Gradient Root Water Extraction

...

ψsunlit-leaf

ψshade-leaf

ψroot

ψstem

Esun

Eshade

ks,1

ks,2

ks,n

k2

k1,a

k1,b

kr,1

kr,2

kr,n

ψsoil,2

ψsoil,n

ψsoil,1q = k A ( soil,i- root)

PHS: prognostic water potential

SMS: constant, parameter

Page 18: Dave Lawrence2, Rosie Fisher , Pierre Gentine Daniel Kennedy1, … · 2018. 2. 9. · ψ sunlit-leaf ψ shade-leaf ψ root ψ stem E sun E shade k s,1 k s,2 k s,n k 2 k 1,a k 1,b

Hydraulic Gradient Root Water Extraction

...

ψsunlit-leaf

ψshade-leaf

ψroot

ψstem

Esun

Eshade

ks,1

ks,2

ks,n

k2

k1,a

k1,b

kr,1

kr,2

kr,n

ψsoil,2

ψsoil,n

ψsoil,1q = k A ( soil,i- root)

PHS

SMS

Page 19: Dave Lawrence2, Rosie Fisher , Pierre Gentine Daniel Kennedy1, … · 2018. 2. 9. · ψ sunlit-leaf ψ shade-leaf ψ root ψ stem E sun E shade k s,1 k s,2 k s,n k 2 k 1,a k 1,b

Hydraulic Gradient Root Water Extraction

...

ψsunlit-leaf

ψshade-leaf

ψroot

ψstem

Esun

Eshade

ks,1

ks,2

ks,n

k2

k1,a

k1,b

kr,1

kr,2

kr,n

ψsoil,2

ψsoil,n

ψsoil,1q = k A ( soil,i- root)

PHS

SMS

Page 20: Dave Lawrence2, Rosie Fisher , Pierre Gentine Daniel Kennedy1, … · 2018. 2. 9. · ψ sunlit-leaf ψ shade-leaf ψ root ψ stem E sun E shade k s,1 k s,2 k s,n k 2 k 1,a k 1,b

Root Water Extraction

● Caxiuana 2003● Bars show median conductance: k [s-1]● Lines span interquartile range

PHS

SMS

AMB TFE

Page 21: Dave Lawrence2, Rosie Fisher , Pierre Gentine Daniel Kennedy1, … · 2018. 2. 9. · ψ sunlit-leaf ψ shade-leaf ψ root ψ stem E sun E shade k s,1 k s,2 k s,n k 2 k 1,a k 1,b

Hydraulic Redistribution

cartoon credit: https://nature.berkeley.edu/dawsonlab

Page 22: Dave Lawrence2, Rosie Fisher , Pierre Gentine Daniel Kennedy1, … · 2018. 2. 9. · ψ sunlit-leaf ψ shade-leaf ψ root ψ stem E sun E shade k s,1 k s,2 k s,n k 2 k 1,a k 1,b

Hydraulic Redistribution - 1

PHS onAmbient throughfall● total HR = 1.12m● total ET = 4.34m

Page 23: Dave Lawrence2, Rosie Fisher , Pierre Gentine Daniel Kennedy1, … · 2018. 2. 9. · ψ sunlit-leaf ψ shade-leaf ψ root ψ stem E sun E shade k s,1 k s,2 k s,n k 2 k 1,a k 1,b

Hydraulic Redistribution - 1

PHS onAmbient throughfall● total HR = 1.12m● total ET = 4.34m

Page 24: Dave Lawrence2, Rosie Fisher , Pierre Gentine Daniel Kennedy1, … · 2018. 2. 9. · ψ sunlit-leaf ψ shade-leaf ψ root ψ stem E sun E shade k s,1 k s,2 k s,n k 2 k 1,a k 1,b

Hydraulic Redistribution - 1

PHS onAmbient throughfall● total HR = 1.12m● total ET = 4.34m

Page 25: Dave Lawrence2, Rosie Fisher , Pierre Gentine Daniel Kennedy1, … · 2018. 2. 9. · ψ sunlit-leaf ψ shade-leaf ψ root ψ stem E sun E shade k s,1 k s,2 k s,n k 2 k 1,a k 1,b

Hydraulic Stress

cartoon credit: Fields et al., Acta horticulturae

Page 26: Dave Lawrence2, Rosie Fisher , Pierre Gentine Daniel Kennedy1, … · 2018. 2. 9. · ψ sunlit-leaf ψ shade-leaf ψ root ψ stem E sun E shade k s,1 k s,2 k s,n k 2 k 1,a k 1,b

Hydraulic Stress - 1

PHS SMS

● Dry season (SON-2003) mean diurnal cycle● PHS based on leaf matric potential● SMS based on soil water potential

Page 27: Dave Lawrence2, Rosie Fisher , Pierre Gentine Daniel Kennedy1, … · 2018. 2. 9. · ψ sunlit-leaf ψ shade-leaf ψ root ψ stem E sun E shade k s,1 k s,2 k s,n k 2 k 1,a k 1,b

Hydraulic Constraint vs. Soil Moisture Stress

Hydraulic Stress - 2

wettest

driest

AMB

TFE

constrained to points

with FSDS>400 W/m2<425 W/m2

Page 28: Dave Lawrence2, Rosie Fisher , Pierre Gentine Daniel Kennedy1, … · 2018. 2. 9. · ψ sunlit-leaf ψ shade-leaf ψ root ψ stem E sun E shade k s,1 k s,2 k s,n k 2 k 1,a k 1,b

TFEbegins

Simulation Results - 1

Monthly mean ● Stress● Photosynthesis● Transpiration

Page 29: Dave Lawrence2, Rosie Fisher , Pierre Gentine Daniel Kennedy1, … · 2018. 2. 9. · ψ sunlit-leaf ψ shade-leaf ψ root ψ stem E sun E shade k s,1 k s,2 k s,n k 2 k 1,a k 1,b

Image: http://nptel.ac.in/courses/104103020/module7/lec5/4.html

Conclusion - 1

Modeling vegetation water potential in CLM ...

● Yields a more physical model

Page 30: Dave Lawrence2, Rosie Fisher , Pierre Gentine Daniel Kennedy1, … · 2018. 2. 9. · ψ sunlit-leaf ψ shade-leaf ψ root ψ stem E sun E shade k s,1 k s,2 k s,n k 2 k 1,a k 1,b

Image: http://nptel.ac.in/courses/104103020/module7/lec5/4.html

Conclusion - 1

● Yields a more physical model● Expands interface with

○ hydraulic community○ remote sensing

Modeling vegetation water potential in CLM ...

Page 31: Dave Lawrence2, Rosie Fisher , Pierre Gentine Daniel Kennedy1, … · 2018. 2. 9. · ψ sunlit-leaf ψ shade-leaf ψ root ψ stem E sun E shade k s,1 k s,2 k s,n k 2 k 1,a k 1,b

Thanks!

● Entire NCAR land model working group● Columbia Water Center● Slides online: goo.gl/Mqoozb● Contact: [email protected]

Page 32: Dave Lawrence2, Rosie Fisher , Pierre Gentine Daniel Kennedy1, … · 2018. 2. 9. · ψ sunlit-leaf ψ shade-leaf ψ root ψ stem E sun E shade k s,1 k s,2 k s,n k 2 k 1,a k 1,b

extra slide

Page 33: Dave Lawrence2, Rosie Fisher , Pierre Gentine Daniel Kennedy1, … · 2018. 2. 9. · ψ sunlit-leaf ψ shade-leaf ψ root ψ stem E sun E shade k s,1 k s,2 k s,n k 2 k 1,a k 1,b

AMB TFE

SON

FMA


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