Bait acceptability for delivery of oral Bait acceptability for delivery of oral rabies vaccine to free-ranging dogs on rabies vaccine to free-ranging dogs on

the Navajo and Hopi Nationsthe Navajo and Hopi Nations

David BergmanScott BenderKrista WenningDennis SlateChuck RupprechtChad Heuser Tom DeLiberto

Reasons Dogs are not VaccinatedReasons Dogs are not Vaccinated Lack of fundingLack of funding Abandoned, lost, Abandoned, lost,

runawaysrunaways Feral/free rangingFeral/free ranging ForgotForgot Lack of timeLack of time CulturalCultural Lack of educationLack of education Lack of informationLack of information Lack of veterinariansLack of veterinarians Lack of vaccines Lack of vaccines

and/or vaccine clinicsand/or vaccine clinics Fear of the unknownFear of the unknown

Why the Nations?Why the Nations?

Is There Potential for Free-ranging Is There Potential for Free-ranging Dogs to be Vaccinated Using Dogs to be Vaccinated Using

ORV?ORV?

Methods - Bait SelectionMethods - Bait Selection

Bait-Tek Inc

Methods – “Hand-out” ModelMethods – “Hand-out” Model

Number of Feral Dogs Number of Feral Dogs Receiving Each Bait-typeReceiving Each Bait-type

161, 22%

188, 25%257, 35%

136, 18%

Ontario SlimsFish Meal PolymerDog Food PolymerCoated Sachets

n = 741

Ontario SlimsOntario Slims

62%

38%

Placebo IntactPlacebo Broken

Dog Food PolymerDog Food Polymer

47%53%

Placebo IntactPlacebo Broken

Fish Meal PolymerFish Meal Polymer

42%

58%

Placebo IntactPlacebo Broken

Coated SachetsCoated Sachets

21%

79%

Placebo IntactPlacebo Broken

PolymersPolymers

42%

58%

Placebo Intact Placebo Broken

47%53%

Placebo Intact Placebo Broken

df: 1df: 1 Chi-square = 0.96Chi-square = 0.96 p p << 1 1

Fish MealPolymer

Dog FoodPolymer

Bait PreferenceBait Preference

45%

55%

Placebo Intact Placebo Broken

df: 1df: 1 Chi-square = 51.21Chi-square = 51.21 p p << 0.001 0.001

Placebo Intact Placebo Broken

62%

38%

Placebo Intact Placebo Broken

df: 1df: 1 Chi-square = 25.00Chi-square = 25.00 p p << 0.001 0.001

df: 1df: 1 Chi-square = 14.31Chi-square = 14.31 p p << 0.001 0.001

OntarioSlims Polymers

CoatedSachets

Today and BeyondToday and Beyond Coated Sachet Coated Sachet

– Preferred in this Preferred in this studystudy

““Operational” for Operational” for last 3 yearslast 3 years

OpportunitiesOpportunities– Biodegradable Biodegradable

packetpacket– Improved attractantImproved attractant

Thank You, Merci!Thank You, Merci!