day 5 murree road section

Murree Road Section and Ghumawan Village Day 5

Samanasuk Formation

Synonymy:

Baroch Lime Stone by Gee(1945),Kioto Lime Stone by Cotter(1933),Kioto Lime Stone by

Middlemiss(1896),Sikhar Lime Stone by Latief(1970)

Type locality:

Samanasuk peak in samana range .

Lithology:

In Hazara area the limestone of the Formation is thin to thick-bedded and includes some

dolomitic, ferruginous, sandy and oolitic beds. The thickness of the Formation is 366 m in

Bagnotar section of Hazara area. The lower contact is transitional with Shinawari Formation and

upper contact is disconformable with Chichali formation.Light grayish to bluish gray limestone

with yellow patches of dolomitization(S:33 P:45), oolitic limestone and sandy limestone.

Contacts:

Formation has lower conformable contact with Datta Formation while the Upper contact is

unconformable with Hangu formation

Fossils:

Gastropods, Brachiopods, Bivalves are reported

Age:

The fauna indicates that age in all areas is essentially Middle Jurassic.

Kawagarh Formation

Synonymy:

Sublithographic Limestone by Davies(1930).Darsamand Limestone by Fatmi and Khan(1966).Durban Limestone bu S.N. Khan and W Ahmad(1968).Chanali Limestone by Latief(1970)

Lithology:


Regional lithology:

It is composed of micritic limestone have equi-beds. Limestone is very fine grained and have

light grey to light dark grey in color

Field lithology:

The Nara sandstone member in the upper part is grey, brownish grey to dark grey, thick

bedded, calcareous sandstone with some limestone interbeds. In northern hazara Nara

member was not developed and Kawagarh formation consists of grey, olive grey, light grey

sublithlogic limestone with subordinate marl and Calcareous shale.

Contacts:

Upper disconformable with Hangu Formation.

Fossils:

Latif (1970) has reported following foraminifers from southern Hazara: Globotruncana

lapparenti, G.fornicata, G. concavata carinata.etc.

Age:

On the basis of the fossils, the age of the Formation is considered to be Upper Cretaceous.

Associated structure:

Equal bedding,Conchoidal fracture;and Calcite vein.

Hangu Formation

Synonymy:

“Hangu Shales” and “Hangu Sandstone” by Davies (1930) and “Hangu Formation” by

Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan (1973)

Type locality:

The type section of the formation is near fort Lockhart


Lithology:

The formation consists of variegated sandstone, shale, carbonaceous shale and some nodular,

argillaceous limestone in the salt range. A 2 m to 3 m thick bed of ferruginous, pisolitic

Sandstone occurs at the base of unit Lithology can be divided into two parts. Lower part

composed of iron bearing clay, concentration of iron is very low. Upper part consists of

quartose sandstone. Sandstone is fine grained and whitish in color.

Contacts: lower disconformable with Kawagarh Formation. Upper conformable contact with Lockhart

Limestone

Fossils:

Foraminifers with some Corals, gastropods and bivalves have been reported by lqbal

(1972).Haque (1956) recorded abundant Epistominella dubia from Nammal gorge.

Age:

On thee basis of fossils Formation has assigned Early Paleocene age.

Lockhart Limestone

Synonym: Davies introduced the term “Lockhart Limestone” for a Paleocene limestone unit in

the Kohat area and this usage has been extended by the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan to

similar units in other parts of the Kohat-Potwar and Hazara areas.

Type Locality: Fort Lockhart in the Samana Range has been designated as the type locality of

the unit.

Age: Paleocene.

Lithology: In the Salt Range and Trans-Indus ranges, the limestone is grey to light-grey,

medium bedded, nodular, with minor amounts of grey marl and dark bluish grey calcareous

shale in the lower part.

Fossils: The limestone contains abundant foraminifers, corals, molluscs, echinoids and algae.

Lockhartia coniditi, L. Haimei Miscellania miscella.


Contact: Upper contact conformable and transition with Patala and lower contact

conformable and transitional with Hungu Formation.

Chichali Formation

Synonymy:

Middle miss (1896) called the rocks of Chichali formation as ''Spiti Shale'' in hazara.

Type locality:

Chichali pass

Lithology:

Blackish gray splintery shales have rare interbeds of ferrigeneous sandstone.Have khaki

weathered color. Belemnities are also observed.In southern hazara the formation is divided

into three folds with almost type section. In the lower part it consists of glauconitic sandstone

with nodular silty, calcareous, phosphatic base. In the middle part it consists of glauconitic,

sandy shale and dark pyritic unfossiliferous shale in the upper part. In northern hazara the

formation shows a facies change consisting of dark silty shale with some ferruginous calcareous

and phosphatic nodules and is similar to ''Spiti Shale'' of Himalayas.

Contacts:

Lower contact with Samanasuk Formation is disconformable while the Upper contact is

gradational with Lumshiwal Formation

Fossils:

Ammonites and belemnites of late Jurassic age have been recorded from Chichali formation in

hazara area.

Age:

The above mentioned fauna indicates Pre Kathonian possibly Late Oxfordian age of this

Formation.


Lumshiwal Formation

Synonymy:

The name Giumal sandstone" was given to the rocks of Lumshiwal formation in Hazara area by

Middlemiss (1896). Cotter (1933) used the name "Main sandstone series" for the same rocks.

Type locality:

Wuch khwar section in Nizampur area and Jhamiri village on Haripur jabrian Road in Hazara are

the reference sections of Lumshiwal formation.

Lithology:

In Hazara area the formation is mostly of marine origin consisting of quartose, ferruginous

sandstone and dark rusty brown sandy limestone. In southern hazara its thickness is 50m in

northern hazara its thickness varies from 20m to 10m. The lower contact with Chichali

formation is transitional and upper contact with Kawagarh formation of upper cretaceous is

disconformable.Lower part have have glauconitic shales and middle part have glauconitic

sandstone and upper part have ferragineous sandstone and oyster bearing sandstone.

Contacts:

The lower contact with Chichali formation is transitionaupper contact with Kawagarh

formation of upper cretaceous is disconformable.

Fossils:

The uppermost part of formation in northern Hazara has abundant fossil casts of brachiopods,

gastropods and Ammonites.

Age:

The age of the formation in Hazara area is lower cretaceous.

Patala Formation

Synonym:

Patala Shales” by Davies (1937), “Tarkhobi Shales” by Eames (1952), “Hill Limestone” by Wynne

(1873). The present name was given by Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan.


Type locality:

The section exposed in Patala nala is designated as type section in Salt range

Lithology:

It is mainly composed of splintery shale with interbedded limestone having weathered colour

yellow to rusty brown.

Contacts:

Lower conformable with Lockhart Formation. upper conformable with margala hill limestone.

Fossils:

Larger Foraminifers including Lockarcia tipprie, Lockarcia condety, Ascilina dandotica, Ascilina

delcina. Miscilina masala and uppercilina are reported.

Age:

The Formation on the basis of above mentioned Foraminifers is assigned Upper Paleocene age.

Margala hill limestone

Synonym:

Nummulitic Formation by Waggan and Wynne(1872). Hill Limestone by Wynne(1873) and

Cotter(1933). Margala Hill Limestone by Latif(1970).

Type locality:

The name is derived from the Margala Hills in Hazara.


Lithology:

The formation consists of limestone with subordinate marl and shale. The limestone is grey,

weathering pale grey, fine medium grained, nodular, medium to tick bedded are rarely massive.

The marl is grey to brownish grey while the shale is greenish brown to brown in color. The

lower and upper contacts with the Patala formation and Chorgali formation are conformable.It

is mainly composed of light grey, fine grained limestone. Medium to thick bedded. Having

nodules in it. Mostly contain Microfossils.

Contacts:

Lower contact is not marked at this locality while the Upper contact with Chorgali Formation

Fossils: Assilina,A.Lokhartia Conditi, Foraminifers

Age:

The above listed Foraminifers indicate the Early Eocene Age of the formation.

Outcrop of Samana Suk Formation


Equally Bedded Limestone of Kawagarh Formation

Contact b/w Kawagarh Hungu and Lockhart Fms.


K T Boundary

Thrusting of Samana Suk and Lockhart Limestone


Black Shale of Chichali Fm.

Landsliding


Slicken lines formed due to Thrusting

Nodular Limestone of Margalla L.Stone near Nathia Gali


Dome Structure in Ghumawan Village

Inclined Fold in Kawagarh L.stone in Ghumawan Village


Intraformational Fault in Kawagarh L.stone in Ghumawan Village

Syncline and Anticline Structures in Kawagarh L.stone in Ghumawan Vilage


Contact b/w Kawagarh, Hungu and Lockhart in Ghumawan Village

Contact b/w Lockhart and Patala Shales in Ghumawan Village


Contact b/w Patala and Margalla L.stone in Ghumawan Village

day 5 murree road section

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