Day 6: Reporting

MODULE 9: REPORTING

MODULE 9: REPORTING

Reporting

Good reporters

have to be

on the scene

to _________firsthand.

GOOD REPORTERS LOOK AND LISTEN FOR THEIR READERS.

EVERYONE AT AN ACTIVITY OR EVENT IS A ___________SOURCE.

SOME SOURCES OFFER BETTER _______________THAN OTHERS.

INFORMATION _____________STARTS WITH THE FIVE W’S AND H.

Information Gathering Requires:

The who, _______, where, when, why, and how questions that are fundamental to all___________________. Past volumes of the yearbook and issues of schooland local newspapers can give reporters informationon the history of an activity or event, as well as onthe angles that have been covered in the past. Thelibrary, local clipping files, the internet – they’re allplaces to seek out insights and facts that can enhancethe reporting and writing of a story.

Reporting

RESEARCH adds depth

and details

to the story.

__________________HELPS REPORTERS UNDERSTAND THEIR STORIES.

PREVIOUSLY PUBLISHED MATERIAL IS A PLACE TO START RESEARCHING A STORY.

__________________PROVIDE BACKGROUND AND MATERIAL THAT MAY BECOME PART OF A STORY.

Primary sources can be integrated into a story…

• ________________– provide background information. Preliminary interviews set the stage for future interviews and may suggest additional questions.

• Polls – solicit feedback from a random sample of readers. 10% of a group should be surveyed for valid statistical results. Results are reported in percentages.

• _______________ -yield insights but have less validity than polls. If results are used in a story, the number of people surveyed should always be given. Results are reported as “___ out of 10” (10 is a common sample size).

• Focus Groups – offer thoughts of readers directly involved or affected. A diverse group of readers come together to discuss a topic; the discussion is guided and recorded by reporters.

Reporting

RESEARCH adds depth

and details

to the story.

RESEARCH HELPS REPORTERS UNDERSTAND THEIR STORIES.

PREVIOUSLY PUBLISHED MATERIAL IS A PLACE TO START RESEARCHING A STORY.

PRIMARY SOURCES PROVIDE BACKGROUND AND MATERIAL THAT MAY BECOME PART OF A STORY.

Reporting

Thoughtful ____________

works result in

stories with

substance.

THE BETTER THE QUESTION, THE BETTER THE ANSWERS.

ACTIVE LISTENING PRODUCES THE BEST RESULTS.

GOOD NOTES CONTAIN DIRECT QUOTES AND FACTS.

Question Selection is Important:

Open-ended questions: give the source the opportunity to tell a story, give opinions or express reactions; often lead to the best storytelling quotes.

_________-ended questions: require short answers and give information that results in specific facts also vital to telling a story. Questions that ask for yes/no answers usually require a follow-up.

Follow up questions: might not be on the initial list but come up during the interview. The most effective follow-up questions is “Why?”

Remember good notes require direct quotes and facts.

Day 6: Writing

MODULE 10: WRITING

Writing

The _________

capture

and organize

the story.

A WRITER USES QUESTIONS TO HELP FOCUS THE STORY.

IF THE NOTES SEEM INCOMPLETE, THERE IS MORE REPORTING TO DO.

ORGANIZING NOTES HELPS WITH DECISIONS ABOUT CONTENT.

Organizing notes:

Revealing details, facts, figures and feelings, that bring stories and the people in them to life insightful, storytelling quotes that reveal key aspects of stories and personalities of sources ideas for headlines or visuals interesting specifics for the lead.

WritingORGANIZING YOUR NOTES: Color highlighters organize information, making it easier to write the story.

Writing

Good

STORIES come in

many forms.

THE BEST FEATURE STORIES PUT INFORMATION IN A HUMAN CONTEXT.

QUICK READS OFFER AN ALTERNATIVE TO FEATURES.

Features needed in a story:

Lead – the opening sentence or paragraph introduces the story, sets the tone and angle and grabs the readers’ interests.

__________– word-for-word statements from sources show a reaction to, an explanation for or an interpretation of an activity, event or issue. Quotes with full attribution (individual’s name and year in school or other identifier) add voices and human interest to a story.

__________– These details (facts and figures, descriptions) give context to quotes and make them more meaningful. Transition paragraphs inform readers and help them understand what sources are talking about. Every transition selection contains the seed for the next quote.

Conclusion: The final sentence or paragraph ties the end of a story back to the lead; it gives a story a sense of completeness. A story should end with a strong point or quote, not with an editorial comment from the writer.

WritingFAST FACTS: Information makes a dynamic visual presentation with creative typography and graphics.

WritingTwo approaches are used to report on the Prom – a CHART and a TIMELINE.

WritingPROFILES: Using a listing approach, “favorites” provide insights into student personalities.

WritingTOP 10: Ten quotes and five photos make for a dynamic presentation on teachers.

WritingINFOGRAPH: Survey results are reported in a visual way. Student quotes humanize the data.

Writing

“REAL” COPY: To support the theme, students are profiled on every spread with listings and photos.

Writing

Effective

yearbook writing

shares traits

with all _________

WRITING.

GOOD COPY STARTS

WITH SOLID

SUBSTANCE.

GOOD COPY SEEMS

TIGHTLY WRITTEN AND

LIVELY.

GOOD COPY UTILIZES

NARRATIVE ELEMENTS.

GOOD COPY SEEMS

FRESH AND ORIGINAL.

For each error, we as a yearbook team suffer after production stages in terms of $$$

Conduct sincere, critical edits, and if you are unsure about something ask!!! This is one skill required to work on this team.

MODULE 11: HEADLINES

Day 7: Headlines

Today’s Agenda:

1) Headlines Note2) Captions Note3) Editing Note4) Photography 1 Note5) Photography 2 Note6) Typography Note 7) Submit layout spreads and homework from

last week

Headlines

With impact

words and

specific facts,

headlines

contribute to

REPORTING a story.

HEADLINES PROVIDE A MAJOR ENTRY POINT FOR READERS.

COMPONENTS COMBINE FOR STORYTELLING POWER.

PRIMARY AND SECONDARY HEADLINE PATTERNS ADD INTEREST.

__________ Headlines:

The main headline, a few well-selected, creatively designed words, captures reader’ attention and delivers the dominant message.

____________Headlines

The second tier of information is short and catchy and adds specific information and more detail about the subject. The secondary head is often written in sentence style.

________Headline

At a glance word or short phrase details page/spread content. A primary headline is often in the form of a label.

________________

Secondary headlines used within a story break up blocks of text, inform readers about content and provide added entry points.

__________Headline

A showcased quote or factoid adds value to primary and secondary headlines. Or, a secondary headline and the lead of a story might be combined into a single element.

Types of Headline Patters that Add Interest!1) Kicker – a single line secondary headline placed above the primary head

provides specific facts and sometimes leads into the main head.

2) ______________– a multi-line secondary headline placed above the primary head sometimes showcases a quote.

3) Hammer – a primary headline is placed above the secondary head.

4) ___________– a multi-line secondary headline that is placed beside a primary head.

5) Original Design – a different pattern that is created to showcase the content.

HeadlinesThe PRIMARY HEADLINE relies on a SECONDARY HEADLINE to provide specific information.

HeadlinesKICKER: A short, single line secondary headline is placed above the primary headline.

HeadlinesWICKET: A detailed secondary headline is placed above the primary headline.

HAMMER: A detailed secondary headline is placed below the primary headline.

2 HeadlinesTRIPOD: The secondary headline is placed beside the primary headline.

Headlines

WRITING effective

headlines

requires

creativity, effort

and attention

to details.

A SOLID UNDERSTANDING OF CONTENT RESULTS IN BETTER HEADLINES.

WORD PLAY AND BRAINSTORMING ARE USEFUL STRATEGIES.

GUIDELINES LEAD TO QUALITY AND CONSISTENCY.

HeadlinesBRAINSTORMING in teams of two or three makes generating a list of key words much easier.

STEP ONE: List 10-15 key words that describe and relate to the story.

• car• drive• keys• money

• gas• cool• style• wheels

• color• wrecks• dates• expensive

• friends• insurance• happy• auto

HeadlinesSTORYTELLING words have significance and relate to the topic of the spread.

STEP TWO: Brainstorm rhymes for words with storytelling potential.

• car: star, far• drive: alive, strive, five• keys: please• money: honey, bunny, funny• gas: pass, mass• cool: school, pool

• wheels: peals, steals, deals• wrecks: decks, pecks• dates: mates, plates• friends: bends, spends• happy: pappy, sappy• auto: lotto, motto

HeadlinesMore than a cute phrase, headlines employ creative LITERARY TECHNIQUES that relate to the content.

STEP THREE: Craft words and phrases that creatively capture the story.• car: star, far

star wars = car warsonce upon a star = once upon a carcarpe diem = CARpe diem

• auto: lotto, mottoAUTOmotives

• wheels: peals, steals, dealsthe wheel deal

• keys: pleasepretty please = pretty keys

Headlines

Headlines with

strong

VISUAL appeal

communicate

more effectively.

GRAPHIC DETAILS MAKE PRIMARY HEADS POP AND CREATE HEADLINE PACKAGES.

CAPITALIZATION STYLES CREATE A VARIETY OF LOOKS.

HeadlinesRHYME: The secondary headline provides specifics to support the catchy primary headline.

HeadlinesPUN: A creative primary headline establishes the angle for the story. The secondary adds specifics.

HeadlinesAn ACRONYM is given a new meaning. Acronyms add specifics to the secondary headline.

Literary TechniquesAlliteration – the repetition of a same or similar initial consonant sound.For example: four fun FridaysAssonance – the repetition of a same or similar vowel sound.For example: stop hopping frogsOxymoron – combining contradictory terms.For example: jumbo shrimp, organized chaos______________– a word of opposite meaningFor example: dark/bright, excite/boreCliche – common word or phrase, often a figure of speech.For example: that’s the way the cookie crumbles.Homonym – words that sound alike but mean different things.For example: one, won___________________the use of sound to echo word meaning.For example: calp, bang, burrPun – play on words based on multiple meanings.For example: the time on the plane flew byRhyme – repetition of vowel sounds in accented syllables.For example: cash, trashSynonym- words of similar meaning.For example: vacation, trip.

Guidelines lead to quality and consistency:

Use the following:1) Present tense: is used for headlines to imply immediacy. A

secondary head might be written in past tense because it contains factual background information.

2) Strong, active verbs: add more punch than weak, passive verbs.3) Specific descriptive nouns: add more than general, vague nouns.4) Articles are omitted: generally in primary headlines. Sometimes

a, an and the are also left out in secondary headings.5) A comma, is used instead of “and” in a series to save space.6) Careful line breaks ensure that subjects and verbs or first and

last names are not split between lines. Also, phrases or words that belong together should not be split. A proposition should not end a line of a headline.

How to make headings pop out on the page- Use larger display type from 24-200

point (primary headlines) the most popular

36-60 point, and 14-18 point for (secondary headlines)

- Blend types of fonts, faces, sizes, alignments, spacing and capitalization magnifies headings

- Lines and boxes attract attention and unify an idea.

- Spot colour highlights key thoughts- Photos and art illustrate headline idea

and invite readers into story content.

- Electronic enhancements add dimension to a headline.

- All caps can be powerful for primary headlines

- All small caps similar to all caps, offers more variety with large and small capital letters.

- Caps and lower case present themselves as a more formal approach

- All lower case is a very informal style.

Day 7: Captions

MODULE 12: CAPTIONS

Captions

A caption’s __________

combines

with a

photograph

to tell a story.

CAPTIONS SHOULD DO MORE THAN STATE THE OBVIOUS.

CAPTIONS ANSWER READERS’ QUESTIONS ABOUT A PHOTO.

CAPTION WRITING REQUIRES REPORTING.

QUOTES FROM INDIVIDUALS IN THE PHOTO ADD DEPTH.

CaptionsGather INFORMATION about the photograph, answering the 5 W’s and H.

STEP ONE• who: Junior Travis Wilson, competitive wakeboarder

• what: spent a week practicing for competitions while on a family vacation

• when: vacation, last week of June, competition in July

• why: for fun and to improve on last year’s second place

• how: practice paid off with a first place medal at the Junior X Series Wakeboarding Championship.

CaptionsTo write a SUMMARY CAPTION, write a sentence in present tense explaining the photo.

STEP TWODuring an annual family vacation in June at Lake Powell, junior Travis Wilson practices for the upcoming Junior X Series Wakeboarding Championship.

CaptionsFor an EXPANDED CAPTION write additional sentences providing relevant information and a quote.

STEP TWODuring an annual family vacation in June at Lake Powell, junior Travis Wilson practices for the upcoming Junior X Series Wakeboarding Championship. His efforts were rewarded with a first place medal. “I live for wakeboarding. It’s an awesome way to push yourself to the limit. My favorite trick is called a tantrum, which is a true back flip.”

CaptionsBrainstorm a list of attention-getting impact words; select the best option for the caption LEAD-IN.

STEP THREE• determination• airborne• in the air• “boardum”• water and air• concentration• up and away• concentration• surf the wake

Captions

The

__________of a caption

varies with

its function.

CAPTION FORMATS RANGE FROM IDENTIFICATIONS TO MINI-STORIES.

SPORTS CAPTIONS REQUIRE SPECIFIC DETAILS AND UNDERSTANDING.

ONE TYPE OF CAPTION SHOULD BE AVOIDED.

Caption FormatsIdent: Identifies individuals or group and offers a brief explanation of the photo

content.__________Caption: highlights the most important w’s and h.Quote Caption: Provides insight and information through the words of the

subject of the photo or someone closely related to the activity._____________Caption: answers the five w’s and h and provides additional

details, often direct quotes from individuals pictured.Group Identification: identifies groups as well as the individual members by first

and last names, beginning with front or bottom row, and continuing to back or top row.

__________Captions: Consists of 2 parts. One caption serves as an overview of all photos in the grouping, giving information and insights relevant to all. The second identifies or briefly describes each individual photo.

*For sport captions always consult the coach for an edit and clarification*

Captions

A caption’s

DESIGN works with

its content

to draw

readers.

A LEAD-IN SERVES AS A MINI-HEADLINE FOR A CAPTION.

THE FIRST SENTENCE INDENTIFIES INDIVIDUALS AND EXPLAINS WHAT IS HAPPENING.

A SECOND SENTENCE ADDS INFORMATION AND INSIGHTS.

WRITING A CAPTION IS LIKE WRITING A POEM; EACH WORD COUNTS.

CaptionsUse TYPOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUES to emphasize the caption lead-in.

MODULE 13: EDITING

Day 7: Editing

Editing

The collaboration

of writer

and editor

improves CONTENT.

WHEN EDITOR AND WRITER WORK TOGETHER FROM THE BEGINNING, CONTENT IMPROVES.

WRITERS MUST EDIT THEIR OWN WORK.

EDITORS SHOULD TRY TO HELP THE WRITER, NOT JUST IMPROVE THE STORY.

Editing

Editing for

__________establishes

credibility

for readers.

NAMES AND OTHER FACTS MUST BE CHECKED.

SPELLING, GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, SENTENCE STRUCTURE – ALL MUST BE CORRECT.

A MANUAL SPELLS OUT THE RULES EVERYONE ON STAFF SHOULD FOLLOW.

Editing

Editing for

STYLE establishes

consistency.

GUIDELINES IMPROVE WRITING THROUGHOUT THE YEARBOOK.

EDITING GOES BEYOND PROOFREADING.

RESOURCES PROVIDE HELP WITH EDITING.