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Introduction to Business Management

Understanding Work Teams

PART IV: Leading

9

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Introduction to Business Management

Understanding Work Teams

PART IV: Leading

9

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Introduction to Business Management

Learning Outcomes

After this class, I will be able to:

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Introduction to Business Management

Increasing work specialisation

Productivity

Line and staff authority

Sexual Harassment

Resistance to change

Diversity

Change process

‘Calm waters’

Power core

Employee participation

Strategic human resource

Training and development and level of the organisation

Value is….?

4 types of work team

Coercive power

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Introduction to Business Management

Grouping of activities by territory

Matrix organisation

Job specification

Change agent

Entrepreneurs

Synergy

4 functions of management

3 roles of managers

Reduce stress

Cognitive dissonance

Reduce resistance

Unit production

Visible aspects of organisation vs. hidden aspects

Organisational development

Stimulate innovation

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Introduction to Business Management

1. Explain the growing popularity of work

teams in organizations.

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Introduction to Business Management

2. Describe the five stages of team development.

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Introduction to Business Management

3. Contrast work groups with work

teams.

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Introduction to Business Management

4. Identify four common types of

work teams.

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Introduction to Business Management

5. Explain what types of teams

entrepreneurial organizations use.

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Introduction to Business Management

6. List the characteristics of high-performing

work teams.

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Introduction to Business Management

7. Discuss how organizations can

create team players.

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Introduction to Business Management

8. Explain how managers can keep

teams from becoming stagnant.

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Introduction to Business Management

9. Describe the role of teams in continuous

process improvement

programs.

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Introduction to Business Management

The Popularity Of Teams

• Teams typically outperform individuals when tasks require multiple skills, judgment, and experience.

• Teams are a better way to utilize individual employee talents.

• The flexibility and responsiveness of teams is essential in a changing environment

• Empowered teams increase job satisfaction and morale, enhance employee involvement, and promote workforce diversity.

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Stages of Team Development

Exhibit 9.1

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Introduction to Business Management

The Stages Of Team Development

• Stage 1: Forming– The team experiences

uncertainty about its purpose, structure, and leadership.

• Stage 2: Storming– Intragroup conflict

predominates within the group

• Stage 3: Norming– Close relationships

develop and group members begin to demonstrate cohesiveness.

• Stage 4: Performing– The team develops a

structure that is fully functional and accepted by team members.

• Stage 5: Adjourning– The team prepares for

its disbandment.

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Introduction to Business Management

Work Groups And Work Teams

• Work group– A group that interacts primarily to share

information and to make decisions that will help each member perform within his or her area of responsibility

• Work team– A group that engages in collective work that

requires joint effort and generates a positive synergy.

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Comparing Work Teams and Work Groups

Exhibit 9.2

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Types of Work Teams

Exhibit 9.3

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Introduction to Business Management

Types Of Work Teams

• Functional team– A work team composed of a manager and the

employees in his or her unit and involved in efforts to improve work activities or to solve specific problems within particular functional unit

• Problem-solving team– 5 to 12 hourly employees from the same

department who meet each week to discuss ways of improving quality, efficiency, and the work environment

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Types Of Work Teams (cont’d)• Quality circle

– 8 to 10 employees and supervisors who share an area of responsibility and who meet regularly to discuss quality problems, investigate the causes of the problem, recommend solutions, and take corrective actions but who have no authority

• Self-managed work team– A formal group of employees that operates without a

manager and is responsible for a complete work process or segment that delivers a product or service to an external or internal customer

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Types Of Work Teams (cont’d)

• Cross-functional work team– A team composed of employees from about the

same hierarchical level but form different work areas in an organization who are brought together to accomplish a particular task

• Virtual team– A team that meets electronically; allows groups

to meet without concern for space or time

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Entrepreneurs’ Use of Teams• Empowered functional teams

– Teams that have authority to plan and implement process improvements

• Self-directed teams– Teams that are nearly autonomous and responsible for

many activities that were once the jurisdiction of managers

• Cross-functional teams– Teams that include a hybrid grouping of individuals who

are experts in various specialties and who work together on various tasks

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Why Entrepreneurs Use Teams• Teams facilitate the technology and market

demands the organization is facing.

• Teams help the organization to make products faster, cheaper, and better.

• Teams permit entrepreneurs to tap into the collective wisdom of the venture’s employees.

• Teams empower employees to make decisions.

• Team culture can improve the overall workplace environment and worker morale.

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Characteristics of High-performing Work Teams

Exhibit 9.4

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Challenges to Creating Team Players• Managers attempting to introduce teams into

organization face the most difficulty when: – When individual employee resistance to teams is

strong.– Where the national culture is individualistic rather

than collectivist.– When an established organization places high

values on and significantly rewards individual achievement.

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Team Member

Roles

Exhibit 9.5Source: Based on C. Margerison and D. McCann, Team Management: Practical New Approaches (London: Mercury Books, 1990).

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Shaping Team Behavior• Proper selection

– Hire employees who have both the technical skills and the interpersonal skills required to fulfill team roles.

• Employee training– Provide training that involves employees in learning the

behaviors required to become team players.• Rewarding the appropriate team behaviors

– Create a reward system that encourages cooperative efforts rather than competitive ones.

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How to Reinvigorate Mature Teams

Exhibit 9.6

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Introduction to Business Management

Teams And Continuous ProcessImprovement Programs

• Teams provide the natural vehicle for employees to share ideas and implement improvements.

• Teams are well suited to the high levels of communication and contact, response, adaptation, and coordination and sequencing in work environments where continuous process improvement programs are in place.

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Workforce Diversity’s Effects on Teams

• Fresh and multiple perspectives on issues help the team identify creative or unique solutions and avoid weak alternatives.

• The difficulty of working together may make it harder to unify a diverse team and reach agreements.

• Although diversity’s advantages dissipate with time, the added-value of diverse teams increases as the team becomes more cohesive.