DBT-ICT Technology PlatformsFor Advanced Biofuels

Arvind LaliDBT-ICT Centre for Energy Biosciences

Institute of Chemical TechnologyMumbai, India

EU-India Conference on Advanced BiofuelsMarch 6-8 2018

DBT-ICT Centre for Energy BiosciencesInstitute of Chemical Technology

Matunga, Mumbai

DBT-ICT Centre of Energy Biosciences(Sanctioned Dec 2007; Functional May 2009)

- India’s first National Bioenergy Research CentreThe Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of S&T, India

- Set up at a cumulative cost of about 15 million USD

- Multidisciplinary State-of-the-Art facility for developing andtranslating cutting-edge technologies

- Networked with Institutions & Industry in India and abroad

>60 PhD scholars; >10 Senior Research Scientistsin different disciplines of modern biological sciences and chemicalengineering/technology

DBT-ICT Centre of Energy BiosciencesA State-of-the-Art Laboratories

Modern Biology

ChemicalEngineering

Chemistry

TECHNOLOGY

BioDiesel Ethanol BioGas

The three ‘inadequate’ alternatives

Vegetable Oil Cane Molasses Bio-Waste

No non-edibleOils

InadequateFeedstock &

The FvF-debate

TechnologyLimitationsToo Slow !!Low yields!!

BioDiesel Ethanol BioGas

Development of Energy Oil Crops/Algae

Use of agriculturalResidues/Waste

Use of agri-wasteand MSW

Aimed at >5% diesel

blending

Aimed at>5% Petrolblending

Aimed at>5% replacement

of LPG/CNG

The three alternatives andThe DBT-ICT Solutions

Simple Sugars; Lignin monomers; CHO-Molecules

Carbon Sources: Solid; Liquid; GasAgri-residues; Municipal Wastes; Industrial Wastes

The three alternatives andThe DBT-ICT Solutions

Fuel Molecules and Materials/Chemicals

The Platform

Ethanol; Methane; Methanol; ‘Green’ Diesel; Hydrogen

Green PET; PLA; Acrylate; Butadiene; Solvents;

Organic acids/Chemicals

Waste to Fuel InnovationsThe DBT-ICT Technology Platforms

(1) Lignocellulosic Sugars(2) Catalytically Thermo-Liquefied CTL-Oil

(3) Lignin Hydrolysate

PLATFORM 1DBT-ICT 2G-Alcohol/Sugars/Lignin Technology

Lignocellulosic Biomass

Pre-Treatment Step

Saccharification

Separation

Fermentation/Purification Sugars/Lignin/Alcohol

PRO

CESS

OU

TLIN

E STEP 1

STEP 2

STEP 3

STEP 4

Fractionation to Sugars/LigninRapid & Efficient Process

March 2016

The DBT-ICT 2G-Sugars/Ethanol Technology

BIRAC SUPPORTED10 ton biomass/day

Lignocellulosic Ethanol Demonstration PlantIndia Glycols Limited, Kashipur

World’s First Multi-feedstock Continuous 2G-Ethanol Plant

DBT-ICT 2G-Alcohol TechnologySix Novel Processing Segments

1. Biomass Fractionation2. Enzyme Hydrolysis3. HCD Fermentation4. Silica Recovery (Rice straw)5. Water/Reagent Recovery6. Recovery of inorganic Fertilizer

Four Established Supporting SegmentsAdded as established Plug-in Modules from known vendors

7. Alcohol Purification8. Lignin concentration (similar to pulping mills)9. Steam Production (similar to pulping mills)10. Power Production (similar to any cogen plants)

Technology being scaled up to commercial scale 2G-Ethanol plants by

Hindustan Petroleum Corp. and Bharat Petroleum Corp.Engineering Partners: L&T Hydrocarbon Engineering

SugarsLignin

ProteinsLipids AlcoholsOrganic AcidsFatty AcidsAmino AcidsTerpenoidsHydrocarbons

E. Coli

S. Cereviseae

Corynebacteria

Clostridia sp.

Yarrowia sp.

Pseudomonas sp.

Cyanobacteria

Algae

Methanotrophs

Synthetic Biology & FermentationBiotechnology at the DBT-ICT Centre

BiomassTerrestrialMarine/Aquatic

Designed Microorganisms

SugarsLignin

ProteinsLipids AlcoholsOrganic AcidsFatty AcidsAmino AcidsTerpenoidsHydrocarbons

E. Coli

S. Cereviseae

Corynebacteria

Clostridia sp.

Yarrowia sp.

Pseudomonas sp.

Cyanobacteria

Algae

Methanotrophs

Synthetic Biology & FermentationBiotechnology at the DBT-ICT Centre

BiomassTerrestrialMarine/Aquatic

Designed Microorganisms

3 Demonstration/Pilot Scale High Value-Multiproduct Biorefineries

to be Operational in 2018

PLATFORM 2DBT-ICT Catalytic Thermo-Liquefaction Technology

Industrial Waste

DBT-ICT CTL-Technology

CTLCatalytic Liquefaction

150°C, 15 Bar Pressure

Wet/Dry BiomassCTL-Oil

DBT-ICT CTL-Technology

Features- NOVEL LIQUID catalyst- Temperature ~150°C- Oil yield >90% ; near 100% C-efficient- Recoverable and Reusable Catalyst

Catalytic Thermo-Liquefaction (CTL)

Sr .N o En try Re s u lts 1 Co lo r D a rk b ro w n

2 D e n sity 0 .9 5 -1 .0 4 g m /m L

3 Ca lo rific V a lu e 2 2 -2 5 M J/Kg 4 pH 5 -6

5 Ele m e n ta l com po sit io n (C ,H ,N ,S an d O )

C arb o n : 5 5 % , H y d rog e n : 6 % , N itro ge n : 0 .8 % S u lfur:0 .2 2 % O x yge n : 3 8 %

6 A sh co nte nt (b y grav im e tric an aly sis ) 0 .5 -1 %

7 S tab ilit y S ta b le a t n o rm a l sto ra ge co nd itio n s

8 Ch e m ical co m p o sit io n (by G C -M S)

A ro m a tics, h yd ro ca rb o n s(C 5-C 2 2) , e ste rs , a lco h o ls, p h e n ols , a ld e h yd e s, k e to n e s, carb ox ylic ac ids (C 5 -C 1 8) e tc.

9 F lash Po in t 6 6 -7 0 °C 1 0 Po u r p o in t 1 0 -1 5 °C 1 1 V isco sity 16 5-250 c P

1 2 P icto r ia l im ag e o f O il sa m p le

Fuel Oil OrCTL-Oil

CTL/Fuel Oil

CatalyticUpgradation

(dehydration/hydrotreating)

Cracking/Distillation

Gasoline/Diesel

Anaerobic Digestion

Cleaning/Purification

Biogas

Methane (Bio-CNG)

Furnace OilShipping Fuel

Boiler Oil(Power)

Direct Use

Pathways for using CTL-Oil produced

BioWaste

Hydrolysis

Acidogenesis/Acetogenesis

Methanogenesis

TRAD

ITIO

NAL

BIO

GAS

PRO

CESS

OU

TLIN

E

Biogas

The AnaerobicDigesterProcess Envelope

Organic acids

The Utilizable Carbon forms

Sugars and Phenolics20

-40

days

< 50% Yield of MethaneWaste

(fertilizer)

Technology for Improved Production of Biogas and Bio-CNG from WasteThe DBT-ICT Rapid-AD Technology

The DBT-ICT Rapid-AD Technology

Salient features of the Rapid-AD Technology- Can handle any bio-waste (incl. agri-waste) dry or wet- Generates biogas within 24 hours - Gives >90% methane yields - Zero waste generation technology- Waste-to-Profit technology for private enterprise

Being scaled up to - 1 ton MSW/day Demonstration Plant- 200 ton Bio-waste/day Commercial Scale Plant

BioDiesel Ethanol BioGas

Development of Energy Oil Crops

Use of agriculturalResidues/Waste

Use of agri-wasteand MSW

Aimed at >5% diesel

blending

Aimed at>5% Petrolblending

Aimed at>5% replacement

of LPG/CNG

?

The three alternatives: Next Steps

Algae Science and TechnologyAlternative Feedstock for Biofuel & Bioproducts

DBT-ICT Centre for Energy BiosciencesInstitute of Chemical Technology

Mumbai

Development of Rapid Growing and High Oil YieldingMicro-Algae and Micro-organisms

Conversion to Bio-Oil/Bio- crude As Feedstock for Energy

Energy

Fuel and Chemicals

The Final Frontier

ICT-HarvardCatalytic/Solar Water Splitting Technology

Collaboration with Harvard University, USA

H2O + Sunlight Hydrogen Fuels/Chemicals

CO2

Thank you