dc microgrids & standards webinar: presented by the...
TRANSCRIPT
Agenda
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• Housekeeping • Welcome from our Moderator (Sam Sciacca) • 48V DC Standardisation Efforts in India and Deployment Experiences
(Rajesh Kunnath) • Standard for DC Microgrids for Rural and Remote Electricity Access
Applications (Brian T. Patterson) • Open Q&A from Audience • Contact Information
• End
WebEx Instructions for Participation
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THANK YOU for joining today’s Webinar presented by the IEEE Standards Association
Welcome from Moderator
Sam Sciacca is the Senior Director of Technical Program Operations at the IEEE Standards Association (IEEE-SA). Prior to joining IEEE, founded Automation Technologies and Services, a multinational firm working in electric utility automation and control. He went on to become CEO of SCS Consulting LLC. He is a registered professional engineer with more than 25 years of experience in all aspects of electric utility operations, both domestic and international. He is past Board member of the IEEE-SA, and serves as the IEEE-SA representative to the International Electrotechnical Commission.
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Today’s Speakers Rajesh Kunnath has over 20 years of experience in
electronic design spanning multiple domains from RF systems and circuits design to switch mode power supply design. Over the last couple of years he has been actively involved with Low Voltage DC and has been involved with 48V DC distribution activities in India.
Brian T. Patterson is the President of the EMerge Alliance. Patterson’s extensive technical and work history in building technologies, electronics, and fiber optics has resulted in his holding many patents in those fields. He was formerly General Manger of Business Development for the Building Products Division of Armstrong World Industries, a founding member of the Alliance, is a member of the IEEE, IEC, CABA, PSMA and an active participant in UL/NEMA/NFPA task groups on DC power.
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Statistics
• 50 million homes in India not connected to grid
• About 100 million homes have load-shedding between 2 hours a day to 16
hours a day
20% forced outages
• Millennium goals to be met without conflicting climate-change goals to the
greatest extent possible
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Priority – Electricity Access
• Provide electricity access as a priority
• Abundant insolation across most of India makes PV the easy choice as a
source of power and enables access to be provided on a fast-track mode
• A standardised but minimalistic PV solution consisting of panels, batteries
and DC loads like LED lights and fans can be offered as a package and can
be scaled
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Electricity Access - Considerations
• First Time users with no prior exposure to electricity and its potential for
hazard to human life
• Minimum requirement to power few lights, fans and mobile chargers,
sources and storage
• Leverage existing AC components, interconnects, electrical interfaces that
are locally available as much as possible to reduce costs
• Distribution to be standardised for low losses. A voltage to be explicitly
chosen
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A Distribution standard for Electricity Access
• Define a voltage that is inherently safe, internationally safe and results in
low distribution loss
• Dimensions of distribution conductors based on AC conductor sizes
• Leverage existing AC components for over-current protection
• Grounding Considerations
• Co-existence with AC grid
• Standard to be compliant with existing standards but collated together to
address current needs
• Evolve into a micro-grid standard in the future
• Ensure scalability and a sustainable eco-system of parts and suppliers
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Choice of Voltage
• 48V
Primary Voltage as defined in IEC 60038
Is safe – Falls under SELV System Classification and SELV circuit
classification as per IEC 60950
Optimal voltage considering safety and distribution
Can use 230V switchgear for protection
Leverage EV battery eco-system and automotive battery eco-system
for storage
DC-DC chips available with synchronous capabilities that operate
beyond 48V
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Some Specifics of the proposed standard for India
• 48V Bus Voltage Nominal
• 5A max. per circuit (still under discussion)
• No limit to number of circuits
• Distribution topology similar to AC distribution
• AC wiring conductors of 1.5sq.mm, 2.5sq.mm or 4 sq.mm can be used
depending on the length. AC over-current devices can be used
• Co-existence with AC
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Some Specifics of the proposed standard for India (Contd)
• IT System with exposed conducting parts to ground (IEC 60364-1)
•
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Deployment Scenario 1
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DC REN (PV)
Charge Controller Storage
DC Bus
DC Load DC Load DC Load
Production System Distribution System Interface
Feeder
Branch Circuit
Basic Installation Pure DC Grounding not
mandatory for single panel systems
Deployment Scenario 2
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AC GRID
Battery Charger Storage
DC Bus
DC Load DC Load DC Load
Production System Distribution System Interface
AC DISTRI BUTION
AC Load
Grid Powered
DC Backup
Deployment Scenario 3
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AC GRID
Energy Management Storage
DC Bus
DC Load DC Load DC Load
Production System Distribution System Interface
AC DISTRI BUTION
AC Load
DC REN
Isolated AC/DC
DC and Grid Powered
Deployment Scenario 4
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Source Source AC Grid
Energy Management, Power Conversion, Discharge Protection
Storage
DC Bus
DC Load DC Load DC Load
AC REN
DC REN
DC REN
GEN SET
AC GRID
SOURCES
Production System Distribution System Interface
DC Load
India Current LVDC Projects
Name of Place State #HH Total
Status
Jodhpur, Jaisalmer
Rajasthan 4,000 Completed
Beda, Sasaram
Bihar 100,000 Started in July, 2016
Lakhimpur Assam 10,000 Started in Aug-2016
Karby Anglong
Assam 7,200 Started Sept-2016
Grand Total 121,200
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Description Distance
Height of house 10 feet
Base of inverterless box to floor
5 feet
10 ft
5 ft
Standardized Installation practice
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LED Bulb • 5W instead of 30W bulb
BLDC Fan • 30W instead of 72W AC fan • 9W at lowest speed
Remote Control for Fan & Tube light
• ON/OFF and for dimming
Cell phone Charger/Socket • DC charger with USB port
LED Tube light • 15W - dimmable to 4W, instead of 36W
fluorescent tube
48V DC-powered Appliances Commercialised
Learnings
Local DC distribution of power at 48V is viable, optimal and is already transforming
communities in India
Reasons include:
• Easy and safe installation of LVDC systems
• Operations at 48V was found to be optimum within SELV (<60V), considering
10% fluctuation in operating range
• Low cable losses over a distance compared to 24V or 12V
• Cost effective wiring (least wire thickness in SELV range)
– Same as AC wiring used today
• Promotes energy efficient DC appliances and practices
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Industrial Collaboration - 48V DC Products
• Cygni Energy Private Limited
- Inverterless 500 & Inverterless 2400 controllers to drive DC loads at 48V
- Integrated Charging Sockets for mobile & laptop charging (i/p 48V)
• Intelizon Energy Private Limited
- DC powered DC tubelights
- DC powered LED bulbs
• TVS Lucas
- DC powered BLDC fan running at 48V
• Amararaja Batteries
- 24 Ah high-performance VLRI batteries at 12V DC
• Zazen
- DC powered air coolers running at 48V
• SK Dynamics
- DC powered mixers at 48V
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Problems Faced • Accessibility of the Consumers
– Spread-out homes. Sometimes, home-to-home distances >3km
– Many Dhani’s (Un-electrified hamlets) consisting of only 10-15 homes
• Consumer Awareness
– Consumers spoke only local dialect. Difficult to communicate
– Haven’t seen electricity their entire life time
– Need to teach the basics of lighting and electricity
• Difficulty in Terrain
– Temp. soaring above 51 degree C in summer. Difficulty in doing
installation during summer time
– Sand dunes (esp. in Rajasthan). Accessibility by road difficult
• Consumer List
– Provided by Local DISCOM
– Based on 2011 census, which is outdated
– Data base provided not accurate and no-one having the final consumer
list for the villages
• Post-Installation Service / product delivery
– Difficult because of the terrain and accessibility
– Regular maintenance check is difficult due to far flung areas
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Village / Home Cluster 1 Village / Home Cluster N
LVDC System - Remote Monitoring Using Mobile Phones
Central Server
Mobile Phone collects the data from the Inverterless Controller and sends to the Central Server
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References to Existing Standards
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IEC 60617, Graphical symbols for diagrams IEC 60038, Standard Voltages IEC 60364-1, Low-voltage electrical installations –Part 1: Fundamental principles, assessment of general characteristics, definitions IEC 60364-4-41 Low-voltage electrical installations – Part 4-41: Protection for safety – Protection against electric shock IEC 61140, Protection against electric shock – Common aspects for installation and equipment IEC 60479-1, Effects of current on human beings and livestock – Part 1: General aspects IEC 60479-5, Effects of current on human beings and livestock – Part 5: Touch voltage threshold values for physiological effects IEC 60269-2, Low-voltage fuses – Part 2: Supplementary requirements for fuses for use by authorized persons (fuses mainly for industrial application) – Examples of standardized systems of fuses A to I IEC 61643-12 Low-voltage surge protective devices – Part 12: Surge protective devices connected to low-voltage power distribution systems – Selection and application principles IEC 60950-1, Information technology equipment –Safety –Part 1: General requirements
IEC 62257-1, Recommendations for small renewable energy and hybrid systems for rural electrification – Part 1: General introduction to rural electrification IEC 62257-2, Recommendations for small renewable energy and hybrid systems for rural electrification – Part 2: From requirements of users to a range of electrification systems IEC 62257-3, Recommendations for small renewable energy and hybrid systems for rural electrification – Part 3: Project development and management IEC 62257-4, Recommendations for small renewable energy and hybrid systems for rural electrification – Part 4: System selection and design IEC 62257-5, Recommendations for small renewable energy and hybrid systems for rural electrification – Part 5: Safety rules IEC 62257-6, Recommendations for small renewable energy and hybrid systems for rural electrification – Part 6: Acceptance, operation, maintenance and replacement IEC 62257-7, Recommendations for small renewable energy and hybrid systems for rural electrification – Part 7: Technical specifications: generators IEC 62257-8, Recommendations for small renewable energy and hybrid systems for rural electrification – Part 8: Technical specifications: batteries and converters IEC 62257-9, Recommendations for small renewable energy and hybrid systems for rural electrification – Part 9: Technical specifications: integrated systems
References to Existing Standards (Contd)
Conclusions
• 48V DC installations in India already proving to make a difference to lives
in India
• Eco-system of developers and manufacturers exist
• Near consensus on draft standards
• Ministry of Power in India supports 48V DC standard
• India plans to move ahead on this
– While seeking a higher (380V DC) standard for higher power
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Brian T. Patterson President
EMerge Alliance
P2030.10 Standard for DC Microgrids for Rural and Remote Electricity Access Applications
Enable 3 billion people adequate access to, safe, affordable, clean, efficient, resilient, and sustainable
electricity
By promoting the financing, procurement, installation, operation and maintenance of
standardized rural and remote DC Microgrids
The Vision
Type of Standard
Timing:
Anticipatory
Enabling
Responsive
Category:
Terminology
Health & Safety
Compatibility/Interoperability
Performance
Procedural
Etc.
Level:
Component
Device
System
Infrastructure
The Goal
To create an technically enabling interoperability standard for electricity
systems that can provide safe and economic access
to electricity in areas of developed and developing counties where centralized electric power generation,
transmission and distribution infrastructure does not exist.
The Strategy
“Enable a bottom-up participatory electric infrastructure of massively distributed renewable
energy dc microgrids - that can be interconnected in a real-time transactional mesh network of electric
power prosumers”
Integrated Mesh of Electricity Microgrids
“Doing for Electricity what the Internet did for Information”
Combining ideal solutions with key virtues learned from the Internet
Resilient Infrastructure
The New Energy Marketplace
Why DC Microgrids?
Key Drivers: • Solar and other renewable sources
• The use of electricity storage
• The local coupling of multiple sources and loads
• Ease of solid-state digital (dc) articulation of power
• Increasing use of electronic loads
• Desire to simplify system
• Inherently safe at low voltages and limited currents
The Technology
5 Initial Task Groups
Existing
Standards Market Development
Stakeholder ID &
Communications
System Architecture
(The Standard)
Use Cases
The Results Expected For Marketplace & Customers
Uniform, transparent market
Underwritten quality and performance certification
Competition, improved choice and attractive pricing
Trust and confidence in products, willingness to buy, reduced credit risk
Improved and sustainable service & replacement market
For Industry
Faster Time-to-Market; early information on product requirements
Better Insight into market, customers, competition
Simplified development – maximized efficiencies, reduced costs
Leadership opportunities and relationships
Business development opportunities
In general
Facilitates the creation of infrastructure
Grow the market faster, bring down costs and increase competition
Enable interoperability
Encourage innovation, and open up new markets
Help prevent the duplication of effort
Contacts
Sam Sciacca: [email protected]
Rajesh Kunnath: [email protected]
Brian T. Patterson: [email protected]
For IEEE P2030.10 information, please contact Michael Kipness at [email protected] or visit https://standards.ieee.org/develop/project/2030.10.html
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