dc#transfer#curve# - indian institute of science

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DC Transfer Curve And its applica4ons

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DC  Transfer  Curve  

And  its  applica4ons  

Basic  Transistor  Equa4ons  

DC  Transfer  curve  

Rela4on  between  Vout  and  Vin  under    DC  condi4ons  

Graphical  Approach  

The  transfer  curve  

Transistor’s  regimes  of  opera4on  

Current  drawn  from  supply  

Beta  ra4o  effects  

Vinv:  Inverter  Trip  Point  

Vinv  

Vinv  calcula4on  

Vinv  

Skewed  Inverters  

Vinv  

Lo-­‐Skew  

Hi-­‐Skew  

Process  Varia4ons  

•  Threshold  voltages  are  random  variables  – Gaussian  pdf  is  a  good  approxima4on  

•  Consequantly,  inverter  trip  point  (Vinv)  –  Is  also  a  random  variable  – As  are  other  characteris4cs  which  depend  on  threshold  

Voltage  to  logic  levels  

Noise  Margin  Defini4ons  

Indicates  tolerance  to  noise  

Why  is  there  noise?  

•  DC  Noise  due  to  sta4c  voltage  drops  in  the  power  grid  

•  AC  noise:  –   due  to  coupling  of  switching  signals  – Transients  in  power  grid  

Importance  of  gain  

•  Larger  gain  beUer  noise  margin  •  Restoring  effect  of  logic  levels  in  a  long  chain  •  Large  Vt  –  beUer  gain  

Sta4c  Noise  Margin  for  Memory  Cell  

BuUerfly  Diagram