Death as part of life
• Inevitable
Death as part of life
• Loss– Something removed
Death as part of life
• Coping– process
Death as part of life
• Grief– Expression of loss
Death as part of life
• Mourning– Process following loss
Elisabeth Kubler-Ross’s stages
1. Denial2. Anger3. Bargaining4. Depression5. Acceptance
John Bowlby’s stages of separation
1. Protest2. Despair3. Detachment
Bowlby’s Phases of Mourning
1. Numb stage2. Painful stage3. Disorganized & despair4. Reorganization stage
Types of lose
• Physical– Death of spouse– Death of parent– Death of child– Death of friend
• Symbolic losses– Loss of work – Loss of status– Loss of mobility– Loss of independence
Loss of a Spouse
• Great magnitude• Risk of death– >2yrs
• Men– Feel alone
• Women – Feel abandoned
• Widows younger than widowers
Loss of a parent
• Age?
Loss of a child
• One of most difficult • Blame
Loss of unborn child
• Hold child
Loss of sibling
• Blame self
Facing one’s own death
• Terminal illness
Signs of approaching death
• Withdraw• i senses• Cheyne-Stokes
Respirations
• BP– i
• Pulse– i
• Temp– i
Development of concept of death
• Infant– No concept
• Toddler– Separation anxiety
• Preschool– Pain avoidance
• 5-6 – Punishment
• School-age– Have capacity to understand!
Advanced directive
• Legal document• Wishes for medical
treatment is they cant make these decisions
Living Will
• Form of advanced directive
• States wishes regarding life-sustaining treatment
Durable power of attorney for health care
• Appoint someone to make their wished known in the event they can’t any longer
Do not Resuscitate (DNR)
Euthanasia
• Assisted suicide• “Mercy killing” • Oregon
Right to die
• Can refuse medical treatment
Palliative care
• Relieve suffering
Hospice Care
• Part of Medicare/medicaid
• Emphasizes comfort