december 12-13, 2002 a.santoro 1 i - introduction ii - maps: topologies-bandwidths iii -...

December 12-13, 2002A.Santoro

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• I - Introduction• II - Maps: Topologies-Bandwidths• III - Questionnaire / Responses• IV - Conclusion - Suggested Solutions

A. SantoroUERJ -BRAZIL

DD-Members: (please update)David O. Williams –[email protected]; Slava Illyin – [email protected];

Yukio Karita – [email protected]; Marcel Kunze - [email protected]; V. White – [email protected]; Julio Ibarra - <[email protected]> ; Heidi Alvarez – [email protected]; M. H. Zaidi - [email protected] ; Alberto Santoro (Chair) – [email protected],

Welcome to Digital Divide CREW, Heidi, Julio from FIU, Zaidi from Pakistan and Vicky from Fermilab


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DIGITAL DIVIDE WITH HIGH SPEED NETWORKSDIGITAL DIVIDE WITH HIGH SPEED NETWORKS

Inside of the Institute: Gbit Technology, building with Fiber distribution

HEP INSTITUTE

Fiber Gbit Technology

Cit

y-B

ackb

on

e

2.5

Gb

ps

622 Mbps

10 G

bp

s

Institute A

Institute C

Institute B

Institute D

155 Mbps

10 M

bps

1 G

bps

34 Mbps

I – Introduction


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HEP INSTITUTE

Copper Cables Mbit Technology

Cit

y-B

ackb

on

e

155

Mb

ps

8 Mbps

10 G

bp

s

DIGITAL DIVIDE WITH LOW AND HIGH DIGITAL DIVIDE WITH LOW AND HIGH SPEED NETWORKSSPEED NETWORKS

Inside of the Institute: Mbit Technology, building with Copper cable distribution

Institute A

Institute C

Institute B

Institute D

2 Mbps

10 M

bps

4 M

bps

34 Mbps


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I - Introduction

• In September 28, Last Meeting, we have shown the problem of Digital Divide and due to the first sample of data recollected we understood how serious can be this problem for our LHC Experiments with GRID projects.

• We have progress with data and have recollected a better sample of data now.

• The Questionnaire presented in September was a bit upgraded and sent to ALICE, ATLAS, LHCb and CMS collaborations to get more information about connection in the institutes.

DIGITAL DIVIDE


5

• There is now a good data sample but not enough. • Perhaps we need to improve our Questionnaire changing the style to YES – NO – COMMENTS only . But this is a discussion of Methodology.

• In fact we made some progress in our knowledge about Digital Divide .

DIGITAL DIVIDE


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DIGITAL DIVIDE

II - II - Maps: Topologies-BandwidthsMaps: Topologies-Bandwidths

• We have shown a lot of Maps last time. Now we will show some Maps representing Regions of the World and a small number of Country Maps.

I found some maps in the address

http://cybergeography.org

I will first show the European Region and one of the main Network

http://cybergeography.org/




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CYPRUS 34/155 Mbps GREECE 622 Mbps GERMANY

34/155622


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Forskningsnettet (Denmark) (mostly in Danish)FUNET (Finland)RHnet (Iceland)UNINETT (Norway)SUNET (Sweden) POL-34 in Poland FCCN/RCTS in Portugal RESTENA in Luxembourg RedIRIS in SpainRENATER in FranceRoEduNet in Romania SANET in Slovakia SURFnet in the NetherlandsSWITCH in SwitzerlandUKERNA/JANET in the UKUNICOM-B in Bulgária

The European National Research Networks

ACOnet in Austria (in German) ARNES in Slovenia BELNET in Belgium CARNet in Croatia CESNET in the Czech Republic CYNET in Cyprus DFN in Germany (mostly in German) EENet in Estonia GARR in Italy GRNET in GreeceHEAnet in Ireland HUNGARNET in HungaryIUCC in Israel LATNET in Latvia LITNET in Lithuania NORDUnet in the Nordic countries

DIGITAL DIVIDE

http://www.forskningsnettet.dk/

http://www.csc.fi/english/funet/index.html

http://www.rhnet.is/english/

http://www.uninett.no/index.en.html

http://www.sunet.se/

http://www.pol34.pl/aindex.html

http://www.fccn.pt/

http://www.restena.lu/

http://www.rediris.es/index.en.html

http://www.renater.fr/

http://www.roedu.net/

http://www.sanet.sk/english.html

http://www.surfnet.nl/en/

http://www.switch.ch/

http://www.ukerna.ac.uk/

http://www.acad.bg/

http://www.aco.net/

http://www.arnes.si/english/

http://www.belnet.be/

http://www.carnet.hr/index_eng.html

http://www.cesnet.cz/english/

http://www.ucy.ac.cy/

http://www.dfn.de/

http://www.eenet.ee/englishEENet/index.html

http://www.garr.net/garr-b-home-engl.shtml

http://www.grnet.gr/index_en.html

http://www.heanet.ie/

http://www.hungarnet.hu/indexeng.html

http://www.internet-2.org.il/

http://www.lanet.lv/

http://www.litnet.lt/index_en.html

http://www.nordu.net/


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As examples we will show two countries, Italy and Romania

Many maps come from this web page.


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The Network speed on the GARR-Blinks is as follows:International Links(Violet Links onthe map) 1. MI-GEANT2.5 Gbps 2. MI-GX 2.5 Gbps 3. BM-KQ 622 Mbps(under construction)Backbone ( blue 2.5 red 155 Mbps)

1. MI-MI 155 Mbps2. MI-TO 155 Mbps3. MI-TS 2 x 34 Mbps 4. MI-GE 2 x 34 Mbps 5. BO-BO 155 Mbps 6. MI-PD 155 Mbps 7. BO-PI 2 x 34 Mbps 8. BO-FI 155 Mbps 9. RM-RM 155 Mbps10. RM-Fra 155 Mbps11. RM-AQ 2 x 34 Mbps12. RM-CA 2 x 34 Mbps 13. NA-NA 155 Mbps 14. NA-BA 2 x 34 Mbps 15. NA-PA 34 Mbps 16. NA-CT 2 x 34 Mbps 17. RM-PG 34 Mbps 18. NA-CS 34 Mbps


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2001

December

JUNE

The Highest Link Capacity

DIGITAL DIVIDE

TERENA NREN Compendium 2002


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Countries with speeds < 200 Mbps

DIGITAL DIVIDETERENA NREN Compendium 2002


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DIGITAL DIVIDECountries with speeds > 200 Mbps



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17



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Country Rate Country Rate Country Rate

U.Kingdom 3 Norway 12,5 Finland 3

Italy 4 Spain 12,5 Germany 4

Switzerland 5 Denmark 5 Iceland 1

Poland 6,5 Belgium 10 Sweden 2

Croatia 8 Slovani 1,6 Czke Rep. 3

France 8 Hugary 2.6 Netherland 3

This is the factor of increasing bandwidths till 2004

DIGITAL DIVIDE


19T1=155 MbpsT2=300 Mbps


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21USA


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Mexico - Corporacion Universitaria para el Desarollo del Internet (CUDI) –Internet2 in Mexico. URL: http://www.cudi.edu.mx

CUDI is comprised of nearly 50 member institutions During XX Mexican School of Particle and Fields (Playa del Carmen), Mexico, October 2002 ) a number of representative physicists from Latin American discussed the upgrading of the existing Links and their future collaboration with CERN and FERMILAB - ALICE and Dzero

They are discussing the possibilities to build a GRID station too.

As it is available lots of information about Mexico Let us show some good information with maps

DIGITAL DIVIDE

http://www.cudi.edu.mx/


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México

Guadalajara

Monterrey

Tijuana

Hacia USA

Hacia USA

Backbone donado por Telmex

(en operación)

155Mb/s

Cd Juárez

Conectividad...

México

DIGITAL DIVIDE


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Backbone donado por Avantel(en proceso)

México

Guadalajara

Monterrey

MERIDA

CAMPECHE

VILLAHERMOSAVERACRUZ

JALAPA

POZA RICATULA

PACHUCA

REYNOSA

TO HOUSTON vBNS

SALTILLO

ZACATECAS

AGUASCALIENTESLEONGUANAJUATO

QUERETARO

155M

b/s

Conectividad...

México

DIGITAL DIVIDE


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CANCUN

Tijuana

A SDSC

Cd Juárez

MERIDA

CAMPECHE

VILLAHERMOSAVERACRUZ

JALAPA

POZA RICATULA

PACHUCA

REYNOSA

A HOUSTON vBNS

SALTILLO

ZACATECAS

AGUASCALIENTES LEON

GTO

QUERETARO

Backbone de la red CUDIA UTEP

México

Guadalajara

Monterrey

Conectividad...

México

DIGITAL DIVIDE


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http://telecomunicaciones.uat.mx/h323

http://I2unam.mx/mpls

http://multicast.mty.itesm.mx/cudi.htm

http://www.ipv6..unam.mx/internet2.html

http://www.telematica.cicese.mx/internetII

http://www.noc-Internet2.unam.mx

http://securidad.internet2.ulsa.mx/

DIGITAL DIVIDEStudy Groups from:


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To end the information about Mexico Networks I would advise you to go to following address where we can find a good Study Case:

http:/www.cudi.mx/

DIGITAL DIVIDE


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Un nodo de la red Cudi conecta con los cables Arcos y Maya que podrían conectar a Centro América This information come from Cudi/Mexico.

PuertoLimon

Bluefields

PuertoBarrios

Ladyville

Cancun

Tulum

339km

241km294km

363km

165km

114km

521km

Curacao

North Miami

Cat Island

Providenciales(Turks & Caicos Islands)

Puerto Plata

San Juan

WillemstadPunto Fijo

Riohacha

UstupoMariaChiquita

PuertoLempira

271km

309km

319km

376km

258km

325km 291km

1006km

242km372km

351km

314km301km371km

270km

279km

258km

474km

Crooked Island

Punta Cana

Trujillo

PuertoCabezas

PuertoCortes


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..

ColombiaColombiaICFES – High Quality Research and Education in Virtual Environments

• 119 Universities have Internet Access

URL: http://www.icfes.gov.co/

There is a group of high energy physics in Colombia collaborating with Dzero/ Fermilab. • They did not responded our Questionnaire. Contact was done

DIGITAL DIVIDE

http://www.icfes.gov.co/




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CHILE REUNA2 – Connection between Chile to Internet2 via AMPATH

The REUNA National Backbone will be partially upgraded to 2.5 Gbps in 2003 and fully upgraded to 2.5 Gbps in 2004.

As far as we know there is no high energy physicists involved in LHC experiments in the country.

DIGITAL DIVIDE


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Iquique

Antofagasta

Copiapó

La Serena

Valparaíso

Santiago

Talca

Con cepción

TemucoValdivia


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RETINA (Red Teleinformática Académica de Argentina)

ARNCONAECNEACLACSOTANDARMRECICSFPSAFJPAMSATUDESAIFEVAUNAUTNAntorchasArauzTareaDarwinion

UNCPBAUNGSUNGSMUNLMUNLPUNLZUNLuUNMPUNQUNref

URL: http://www.retina.ar

Argentina has groups of HEPworking at CERN and FERMILAB.

They have respondour QuestionnaireThe strong committementis with AUGER Laboratory

These arethe Institutionsconnected to RETINA

DIGITAL DIVIDE

http://www.retina.ar/


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No information/No connectivity = 1 Mbps 2 Mpbs up to 16 Mbps up to 34 Mbps up to 44 Mbps >> 45 Mbps

VALDIVIA GROUP REPORT


35This is the topology of the Brazilian National Network for Research showing a strongDigital Divide Problem


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If you go to the web page of thisNetwork and in this Map, you canclick the lines or places and you get the result of the trafic.

Look thistable


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III - Questionnaire / Responses

Responses to our Questionnaire:

Country NR Country NR Country NR Country NR

Argentina 1 Germany 2 Pakistan 1 Taiwan 1

Belgium 3 Greek 3 Russia 5 Turkey 2

Brazil 2 India 1 Slovakia 1 USA 3

Cyprus 1 Israel 1 Slovenia 1 Venezuela 1

Czech 1 Italy 2 Spain 1 Yugoslavia 1

France 1 Mexico 1 Switzerland 2

Total of Countries = 23 ---- Total of Responses = 38

As we sent the Questionnaire to the LHC Collaborations ALICE, ATLAS, LHCb and CMS, let us show the statistics

DIGITAL DIVIDE


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LHC EXP CMS ATLAS LHCb ALICE

Countries 35 34 14 28Institutions 146 159 52 73Collaborators 1623 1400 543 745Number of Countries without double counting = 50

LHC Collaborations

Then, only 46% responded our questionnaire.

DIGITAL DIVIDE


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We will show now some “first” impression extract from our Questionnaire

People RespondentPeople Respondent

The people that responded the Questionnaire are: Physicists, Network Administrators, Computing Contact Person.

MainframeMainframe

Practically no more mainframe exists. YES = 2 *** NO = 31 *** No Answer = 5

ClustersClustersPractically all have clusters. YES = 24 *** NO = 9 *** No Answer = 5

DIGITAL DIVIDE


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FirewallFirewallYES = 15 **** NO = 11 **** NO Answer = 12

BottleneckBottleneck

Several Bottleneck was pointed out• Institute Internal Network: old cables (Copper), old routers, ...

• Last Mile Connection • Long Mile Connection

No Technical Problem. Mainly Network Shared and High Cost to getbetter connection.

DIGITAL DIVIDE

Long Mile Connection = International Link


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Most Relevant Networking related ProblemsMost Relevant Networking related Problems• Institute Internal Network with old Equipments and Shared with large Academic communities causing heavy traffic.• Technical Manpower Assistance Missing

• Last Mile Connection

• Too small bandwidth

• Non Disciplined users (!)

• Security

• Cost of Network ( Very common )

DIGITAL DIVIDE


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Who pays for Connections?Who pays for Connections?

Ideas presented• Dedicated Network• More Effort to include small Institutes• Upgrade the communication among the several Networks• Better cooperation among Teles-companies• Better financial support• Gigabit for all !!! (from me)

• Institutes/Universities - 16• Government Institution (Supporting Network) - 17• No Answer - 5

DIGITAL DIVIDE


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IV - Conclusion - Suggested SolutionsConclusion - Suggested Solutions

1. There is no homogeneous network. In GRID projects we need to have the same speed From your nearest access point to the target point

Desktop to 1st. Access point Gbit technologyFrom Acess Point to POP-City = X (last mile connection)From POP to International Gateway = X ‘ (Long Mile

X = X’ Connection)Naive Example:For CMS-GRID UERJ to POP(RIO) = x Gbps -(last mile connection) POP(RIO) to NAP (MI) = x Gbps -(Long Mile Connection) NAP(MI) to CERN(GE) = x Gbps

DIGITAL DIVIDE


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2. Technical Problem it is not the Main Problem pointed. People are not too much isolated. - Create a List (GRID NEWSGROUP LIST) like Linux and HEPIX in order to respond fast and cooperatively questions about Hardware and Software. - Create a Web page for Frequent Asked Questions dedicated to GRID (Physics) in all aspects.3. The main Problems are: a. COST Only a worldwide proposal could solve this problem. There are two types of Cost Problem. - Local : Internal Network (Solution: Local Effort) - No Local : International connections (Solution: International Effort)

DIGITAL DIVIDE


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b. Shared Network Many people complain about the user competition in their own institute. There is no possibility to create a dedicated line to HEP. Cost involved again.

c. GLOBAL PHYSICS NETWORK ? A solution? - This could be a solution for (a) and (b) above. - This is a Luxury or a NEED?Comment: We can do an exercise, even without numbers, and imagine in five-ten years, Medicine Projects Long Distance Education, Astroparticle, Biology, Genoma Project, Weather, Video Conferences in general, and so on, sharing the same network as HEP-GRID?

DIGITAL DIVIDE


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d. Perhaps we have to say now, as a principle: “ Technologies for Inclusion and not for Exclusion”

The consequence of adopting this, are: - More Cooperative - To build a proposal including all HEP collaborations for a good network. TOO AMBITIOUS? IS IT FORBIDEM TO DREAM? - IEEAF would be the only Solution? - United Nations? - OEA?

DIGITAL DIVIDE


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e. Digital Divide can be solved by a joint effort among: - Local Institutions, National Networks Administrations, Financial Support Agencies, and so on. Comments: These Institutions have to be aware for Digital Divide mainly for HEP and Similar projects.. International Effort creating Specific Workshops Organizing Meetings with Network and Government Responsible. Information Society Summit WILL BE an Opportunity forthat !

DIGITAL DIVIDE


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Extra Slides

DIGITAL DIVIDE


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Bahia

São Paulo

Rio Grande do Sul


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FINLANDNorwaySueden

2.5 Gbps

155 Mbps


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CROATIA


52

Yugoslavia


53

HUNGARY


54

CZECH


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One of the mosthomogeneous

bandwidth distribution


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Connection to TEN-155 Backbone Connection to GEANT Backbone

Rates [Mbps]

Countries Rates [Mbps]

Countries

≥ 600 Germany, Netherland 5000 Denmark, Finland, Sueden, Norway

≥ 300 Denmark, Greece, Italy, Finland, Suden Norway

2500 Belgium, Germany, Spain, France, Italy, Netherland, United Kingdom, Hungary, Poland, Switzerland

≥ 155 Belgium, Spain, France, Austria, United Kingdom, Hungary, Poland, Slovenia, Switzerland

≥ 1000 Czech Republic

≤ 50 Ireland, Luxembourg, Portugal, Croatia, Cyprus, Albania, Czech Republic, Estonia, Georgia, Latvia, Lithuania, FyroMacedonia, Turkey, Slovakia

≥ 500 Austria

≤ 250 Greece, Ireland, Luxembourg, Portugal, Albania, Croatia, Cyprus, Estonia, Geórgia, Latvia, Lithuania, FyroMacedonia, Slovenia, Slovakia, Turkey

Capacity of the Highest European Link of NRENsCapacity of the Highest European Link of NRENs


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CENIC2000Internet2 and Global Development:Institutional ImpactMichael McRobbieVice President for Information Technology and CIOIndiana University

IEEAF UpdatePacific Rim Networking MeetingHonolulu, Hawaii - 2002Dr. Donald R. RileyChair, IEEAF- Vice President and CIOUniversity of Maryland, College Park

The next set of slides comes from :


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63


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II - Topologies


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Bandwidths: From 45 Mbps to 2 x 2.5 Gbps


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http://www.cybergeography.org/atlas/cables.html


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There is T1 which is, as we have discussed, a network that has a speed of 1.544 Mbps and was designed for voice circuits or "channels" (24 per each T1 line or "trunk"). In addition, there is T1-C which operates at 3.152 Mbps. There is also T-2, operating at 6.312 Mbps, which was implemented in the early 1970's to carry one Picturephone channel or 96 voice channels. There is T-3, operating at 44.736 Mbps and T-4, operating at 274.176 Mbps. These are known as "supergroups" and their operating speeds are generally referred to as 45 Mbps and 274 Mbps respectively.

4032 Channels168 T-1 274.176 MbpsDS4

1344 Channels 56 T-189.472 MbpsDS3C

672 Channels 28 T-144.736 MbpsDS3

96 Channels 4 T-16.312 MbpsDS2

48 Channels 2 T-1 3.152 Mbps DS1C

24 Channels 1 T-1 1.544MbpsDS1

1 Channel 1/24 of T164KbpsDS0

Basic Definitions


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The Synchronous Optical Network (SONET) includes a set of signal rate multiples for transmitting digital signals on optical fiber. The base rate (OC-1) is 51.84 Mbps. Certain multiples of the base rate are provided as shown in the following table. Asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) makes use of some of the Optical Carrier levels.

Optical Carrier Level

Data Rate

OC-1 51.84 Mbps

OC-3 155.52 Mbps

OC-12 622.08 Mbps

OC-24 1.244 Gbps

OC-48 2.488 Gbps

OC-192 10 Gbps

OC-256 13.271 Gbps

OC-768 40 Gbps

Basic Definitions

december 12-13, 2002 a.santoro 1 i - introduction ii - maps: topologies-bandwidths iii -...

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