decible level vs cfm

8/6/2019 Decible Level vs Cfm

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Ultrasound Technology andUltrasound Technology and

Compressed Air AuditsCompressed Air Audits


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Brief Overview of UltrasoundBrief Overview of Ultrasound

Ultrasonic frequencies are high frequencyUltrasonic frequencies are high frequencysignals that are above range of humansignals that are above range of humanhearing.hearing.

Human hearing range is 20 Hz to 20 kHzHuman hearing range is 20 Hz to 20 kHz

Ultrasound instruments sense 20 kHz to 100Ultrasound instruments sense 20 kHz to 100kHzkHz

High frequencies have characteristics thatHigh frequencies have characteristics thatwork differently than low frequencies in thework differently than low frequencies in theaudible range.audible range.


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Low Frequency Sound Waves Range in Size fromLow Frequency Sound Waves Range in Size from

3/4 of an inch to 56 feet3/4 of an inch to 56 feet

(assuming the average hearing is 16.5 kHz)(assuming the average hearing is 16.5 kHz)

High Frequency (Ultrasound) Sound WavesHigh Frequency (Ultrasound) Sound Waves

Range In Size from 1/8 of an inch to 5/8 of an inchRange In Size from 1/8 of an inch to 5/8 of an inch

(assuming ultrasound range from 20 kHz(assuming ultrasound range from 20 kHz--100kHz100kHz))


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Ultrasonic CharacteristicsUltrasonic Characteristics

Characteristics of short wave sounds:Characteristics of short wave sounds:

They are directional/detectableThey are directional/detectable They are localized to the source of emissionThey are localized to the source of emission

They will reflect and not penetrate solid objectsThey will reflect and not penetrate solid objects

making them easy to block/shieldmaking them easy to block/shield

They can be sensed in loud, noisy environmentsThey can be sensed in loud, noisy environments

Subtle changes can be noted to provide earlySubtle changes can be noted to provide early

warning of failurewarning of failure


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SOUND PENETRATIONSOUND PENETRATION

Low Frequency WaveLow Frequency Wave

Vibrate Solid SurfacesVibrate Solid Surfaces

Large Objects AppearLarge Objects Appear

TransparentTransparent

High Frequency WaveHigh Frequency Wave

ShortShort

WeakWeak

Can not Penetrate SolidCan not Penetrate SolidObjectsObjectsMPEG

SUPERSONIC FLYBY OF AN F14

SHOWING THE SOUND WAVE WITH

A VAPOR CLOUD


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How Do We Detect Ultrasound?How Do We Detect Ultrasound?

Using a digital ultrasonicUsing a digital ultrasonic

translator which provides:translator which provides:

Display Screens with testDisplay Screens with test

data including Decibel anddata including Decibel andFrequency read outs.Frequency read outs.

Software for dataSoftware for data

managementmanagement

Sound recording abilitySound recording abilityand sound analysisand sound analysis

softwaresoftware


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TYPICAL ULTRASONICTYPICAL ULTRASONIC

TRANSLATORTRANSLATOR


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How Do these Ultrasonic TranslatorsHow Do these Ultrasonic Translators

Work?Work? The Ultrasound is detected andThe Ultrasound is detected and

these sounds are then translatedthese sounds are then translated

down into lower frequenciesdown into lower frequencies

within the range of human hearingwithin the range of human hearing

They are heard throughThey are heard through

headphonesheadphones

And observed as intensityAnd observed as intensityincrements on a meter or displayincrements on a meter or display

panel.panel.


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Interchangeable ModulesInterchangeable Modules

Leaks Are Detected By:Leaks Are Detected By: Scanning ModuleScanning Module

Stethoscope ModuleStethoscope Module

Tone methodTone method

Specialized MethodsSpecialized MethodsMay Be Considered:May Be Considered:

Long Range ModuleLong Range Module

Non Accessible LeaksNon Accessible Leaks Liquid Leak AmplifierLiquid Leak Amplifier

Laminar or TINY LeaksLaminar or TINY Leaks


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Sound RecordingSound Recording

The translated ultrasound samplesThe translated ultrasound samples

can be recorded for further analysis.can be recorded for further analysis.

Use the heterodyned output: theUse the heterodyned output: theheadphone jack and connect to aheadphone jack and connect to asuitable recording device.suitable recording device.

The captured sound can be analyzedThe captured sound can be analyzedusing Spectral Analysis Software.using Spectral Analysis Software.


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Where Do Air Leaks Occur?Where Do Air Leaks Occur?

Mechanical SealsMechanical Seals

Threaded FittingsThreaded Fittings Sealant ProblemsSealant Problems

GasketsGaskets

Corrosion/ErosionCorrosion/Erosion

Structure PenetrationsStructure Penetrations


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Considerations in Leak DetectionConsiderations in Leak Detection

TurbulenceTurbulence

Orifice ShapeOrifice Shape

Fluid Characteristics:Fluid Characteristics:

Viscosity & Molecular Wt.Viscosity & Molecular Wt. Pressure DifferentialsPressure Differentials

Distance From LeakDistance From Leak

Competing UltrasoundsCompeting Ultrasounds

Accessibility to LeakAccessibility to Leak Atmospheric ConditionsAtmospheric Conditions


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TurbulenceTurbulence

Turbulent Leaks Emit Ultrasound

Based on Their Shape, Pressure

At the Leak, and other Factors


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ORIFICEORIFICE

Shape of the Orifice is the Determining Factor in

How Much Detectable Ultrasound is Present


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How An Air Leak GeneratesHow An Air Leak Generates

UltrasoundUltrasound


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Relating Sound Levels to CFMRelating Sound Levels to CFM

dB vs. CF

Digital

Reading

150

PSIG

125

PSIG

100

PSIG

75

PSIG

50

PSIG

25

PSIG

10

PSIG

10 dB 0.73 0.69 0.51 0.38 0.36 0.03 0.01

20 dB 1.13 0.95 0.77 0.58 0.38 0.22 0.15

30 dB 1.79 1.48 1.24 0.99 0.64 0.58 0.48

40 dB 2.70 2.28 1.94 1.62 1.15 1.10 0.93

50 dB 3.86 3.35 2.85 2.47 1.90 1.79 1.49

60 dB 5.27 4.70 3.98 3.54 2.89 2.65 2.18

70 dB 6.93 6.32 5.33 4.82 4.13 3.68 2.99

80 dB 8.84 8.21 6.90 6.31 5.62 4.87 3.92

90 dB 11.00 10.37 8.69 8.03 7.35 6.23 4.97

100 dB 13.41 12.81 10.69 9.96 9.32 7.75 6.14

Note: All Readings are Compensated for Atmospheric Pressure


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Conducting a Compressed AirConducting a Compressed Air

SurveySurvey Gather DataGather Data

Compressor InfoCompressor Info

PSIG Operating dataPSIG Operating data

Hours of OperationHours of Operation

Begin Survey atBegin Survey atCompressorCompressor

Follow Air Lines to allFollow Air Lines to allPieces of EquipmentPieces of Equipment

Record dB Readings ofRecord dB Readings ofLeaksLeaks

Take Photographs ofTake Photographs ofLeaksLeaks


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How do we do this?How do we do this?

Create a routeCreate a route

Set up the instrumentSet up the instrument

Gather relevant dataGather relevant data Test, listen, recordTest, listen, record

Data logData log

Generate ReportGenerate Report


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Create A RouteCreate A Route

Plan carefullyPlan carefully

With plant personnel, determine the optimalWith plant personnel, determine the optimal

route for inspection and ease of follow uproute for inspection and ease of follow upfor repair.for repair.

Create a method of equipment identificationCreate a method of equipment identification

(if none exists)(if none exists)


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Set Up InstrumentSet Up Instrument

Verify the sensitivity: itVerify the sensitivity: it

should be working the sameshould be working the same

from one inspection to thefrom one inspection to the

next.next. What frequency to use: recordWhat frequency to use: record

this for consistencythis for consistency

What test module to use?What test module to use?


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Gather Relevant DataGather Relevant Data

Date and TimeDate and Time

Compressor DataCompressor Data Operating PressuresOperating Pressures

Hours OperationHours Operation

Any Special or Hazardous ConditionsAny Special or Hazardous Conditions


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Test, Listen, RecordTest, Listen, Record


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Data LogData Log

Data log all readingsData log all readings

Take Photographs ofTake Photographs of

all leaksall leaks


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Generate a Cost ReportGenerate a Cost Report

Place RecordedPlace RecordeddB Readings indB Readings inAnalysisAnalysisSoftwareSoftware

Generate ReportGenerate Reportof dB Soundof dB SoundLevel of EachLevel of EachLeak ConvertedLeak Convertedto CFM withto CFM with

Associated kWAssociated kWUsage andUsage andAnnual Cost ofAnnual Cost ofLeakLeak

Leak # dB Distance Location/EquipLeakage

Rate CFMkW use

Annual

Cost

1 63 0 Top of receiver 4.0 0.80 $349

2 60 0 DH annealer 3.6 0.72 $316

3 71 0 Gardner Denver Compressor 5.1 1.02 $446

4 33 0 DM3 1.2 0.24 $107

5 44 0 EH1 Supply 2.0 0.40 $174

6 44 0 EH4 Annealer 2.0 0.40 $174

7 37 0 EH3 Supply 1.5 0.29 $1288 36 10 Above EH3 Supply 0.6 0.13 $56

9 61 0 EH2 Annealer 3.7 0.75 $327

10 51 0 EV1 Supply 2.6 0.52 $230


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Place Pictures with ReportPlace Pictures with Report

Place Photos ofPlace Photos of

Each LeakEach Leak

Location thatLocation that

NumericallyNumericallyMatches the CostMatches the Cost

ReportReport


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AIR LEAKS COST !!!!!!AIR LEAKS COST !!!!!!

LEAKDIALEAKDIA AIRAIR--LOSSLOSS LOSS/DAY LOSS/DAY LOSS/YR.LOSS/DAY LOSS/DAY LOSS/YR.CFMCFM CU.FT/DAYCU.FT/DAY $$ $$

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1/641/64 .40.40 576576 0.140.14 50.4050.40

1/321/32 1.601.60 2,3042,304 0.580.58 211.00211.00

3/643/64 3.663.66 5,2705,270 1.321.32 481.00481.00

1/161/16 6.456.45 9,2889,288 2.322.32 846.00846.00

3/323/32 14.5014.50 20,88020,880 5.225.22 1,904.001,904.00

1/81/8 25.8025.80 37,15237,152 9.299.29 3,389.003,389.00

3/163/16 58.3058.30 83,952 21.0083,952 21.00 7,661.007,661.00

1/41/4 103.00103.00 148,320 37.08 13,526.00148,320 37.08 13,526.005/165/16 162.00162.00 233,280 58.32 21,275.00233,280 58.32 21,275.00

3/83/8 234.00234.00 336,960 84.24 30,731.00336,960 84.24 30,731.00

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NOTE: Based on 100 PSI, $0.25 /mcf, 8760 hours / yearNOTE: Based on 100 PSI, $0.25 /mcf, 8760 hours / year


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Questions on Leak Detection?Questions on Leak Detection?


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Other Uses for UltrasonicOther Uses for Ultrasonic

InspectionInspection ElectricalElectrical

CoronaCorona

TrackingTracking ArcingArcing

Detecting InterferenceDetecting Interference

LubricationLubrication Motor TestingMotor Testing

Complements InfraredComplements Infrared


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ELECTRIC INSPECTIONELECTRIC INSPECTION

CORONACORONA

TRACKINGTRACKING

ARCINGARCING


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OVER LUBRICATIONOVER LUBRICATION AN EXAMPLE OF:AN EXAMPLE OF:

OVER LUBRICATION BARE WIREOVER LUBRICATION BARE WIRE

Good Bad Being Lubricated


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ConclusionConclusion

ULTRASOUND:ULTRASOUND: VersatileVersatile

Simple to useSimple to use

Provides definitive data of air leaksProvides definitive data of air leaks Supports other technologiesSupports other technologies

QUESTIONS??? THANK YOUQUESTIONS??? THANK YOU

decible level vs cfm

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