decline of the soviet unionmrsenedaksworldhistoryclass.weebly.com/uploads/9/4/1/6/... · 2019. 5....
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DECLINE OF THE SOVIET UNION
Ch 21.1
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Objectives
u Cold War ended after leadership changed in the Soviet Union
u Gorbachev policies contributed to the disintegration of the Soviet Union
u The conversion from a socialist to a free-market economy created many problems in the former Soviet states
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Cold War to Post Cold War détente- relaxation of tensions b/t US & USSR
Cold War Intensifies
! Afghanistan (1979) -The USSR’s Vietnam
! Soviet Expansion
-Prez. Carter = embargo
! Ronald Reagan (1980)
! ! ! - “evil empire”
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Upheaval in Soviet Union
Leonid Brezhnev Era (1970’s)
Brezhnev Doctrine -relaxation of some strict laws
! -Soviet’s could intervene if communism was threatened in another Communist state and throughout the USSR
*dissidents- those who spoke out against the USSR were still punished
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Brezhnev (cont.)
Economy of USSR
Focused on heavy industry
! problems:
-complex bureaucracy
-work ethic on collective farms
Gov’nt corruption
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Why Communism Failed
1.) complex government bureaucracy
2.) collective farms (work ethic)
3.) class systems (created by the gov’nt)
4.) poor social conditions
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Reagan Yearsmilitary buildup
! *arms race
! ! -Star Wars SDI
($$$$budget deficit)
military aid to Afghan rebels
*what long lasting effects may this have had?
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End of the Cold War! Mikhail Gorbachev
glasnost- openness in discussing policies
Intermediate-range Nuclear Force Treaty (INF) 1987
Soviet military force ended in E.Europe
Leads to revolutions in satellite states
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Mikhail GorbachevRadical Reforms
! ! 1. glastnost – openness
! ! 2. perestroika- restructuring of economy / society
! ! begins to turn USSR into market economy (capitalism)
! ! ! -Allowed some small free enterprise
Soviet parliament=Elected officials; not appointed! ! !
-party system
Presidency established
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End of the Soviet UnionEthnic Tensions within the USSR
! ! -92 ethnic groups
! ! -112 different languages
! ! ! **NATIONALISM**
Independence Movements that the USSR did not put down:
Georgia, Latvia, Estonia, Uzbekistan, Azerbaijan, Lithuania
! !
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coup attempt by KGB/army/GOVN’T
Stopped byYeltsin and Russ. Republic
Independence of satellite states in early December (UKR on Dec 1,1991)
Announce the USSR is no more
Gorbachev resigns =Dec. 25th 1991
Boris Yeltsin = President of Russia
Gorbachev’s Struggle
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Homework
Pg 660
#’s 1,2,4,5,& 6