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Syllabus and Examination pattern for Under Graduate Physiotherapy Course Part I

NOTIFICATION In exercise of the powers, conferred under section 26 of Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences Deemed University, the Board of Management in its meeting held on 27

th June, 2006, has been

pleased to approve the Bye-law pertaining to Physiotherapy course as given in schedule here to Annexed. The Bye-law as above shall be effective for the students admitted to BPTh course Phase I from the academic year 2006-07 onwards.

By Order Registrar

PHYSIOTHERAPY (BPTh) Part I

Subject I Introduction To Physiotherapy 25 Hours

Topics

1. Physiotherapy & health 2. Branches of physiotherapy 3. Over view of various skill used in physiotherapy 4. Physiotherapy practice in India & Abroad 5. Scope of the profession 6. Ethics of physiotherapy

7. Principles being followed in the practice of physiotherapy

8. Relationship of physiotherapy with other disciplinarians of health team 9. Physiotherapy for healthy individuals 10. Recent advances in physiotherapy

Subject II

Mechanical Principles & Its Therapeutic Applications 25 Hours

Topics 1: Forces

A) Components

B) Principles of force

C) Classification of forces

D) Sources of forces

E) Application of forces in the therapeutic effect of traction forces

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Topic 2: Physics of motion

A) Newton’ s laws

B) Analysis of a movement – kinetic & kinematics

Topic 3: Equilibrium

A) Classification

B) Relationship between the stability & base of support

Topic 4: Inertia

Definition & effect over a movement

Topic 5: Levers in detail

A) Classification

B) Effects & uses

C) Levers in physiotherapy

Topic 6: Pulleys

A) Classification

B) Mechanical advantages in each type

C) Therapeutic uses

Topic 7: Pendulum in detail

Topic 8: Muscle work

A) Types of muscle work

B) Components of muscular force

C) Classification of muscle based on biomechanical efficiency

I. Spurt muscle

II. Shunt muscle

III. Tonic muscle

IV. Phasic muscle

V. Biomechanics of two joint muscles

D) Angle of pull, torque, moment arm & resultant of muscular force.

Subject III

Medical Electronics 25 hours

Topic 1: Electricity – definition electric circuit & its components. Types of electric

currents

1) AC

2) DC

3) Modified AC

4) Modified DC

5) Uses of electricity in general

6) Therapeutic uses

Topic 2: Components of electric circuits

1) Main supply

2) Types of cables

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3) Fuse

4) Regulators

Topic 3: Devices used for rendering the current

1) Condensers

2) Rheostats

3) Transformers

4) Transistors

Topic 4: Setting up an electrotherapy department

Topic 5: Safety measures in electrotherapy department

Subject IV

Basic Physics 30 hours 1) Mechanics & properties of matter

Topic 1: Types of motion – with suitable examples in human body

Topic 2: Gravitations

I) Center of gravity

II) Line of gravity

Topic 3: Elasticity

I) Properties of elasticity

II) Plasticity & deformation

III) Stress strain curve Topic 4: Properties of fluids

I) Behavior of liquid surface

II) Explanation of based on the molecular theory

III) Surface energy & surface tension

IV) Physics of water

Topic 5: Physics of Heat & Cold

I) Conduction of Heat

II) Application of heat & cold & its physiological effects

Topic 6: Radiations

I) Electromagnetic spectrum

II) Laws governing radiations

Topic 7: Magnetism

I) Properties of magnets

II) Electromagnetic induction

Topic 8: Thermionic emission

I) Diodes

II) Triodes

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Subject V

Therapeutic Massage 60 Hours

Topic 1: Introduction to massage (20 hours)

I) History

II) Definition and classification

III) Principles of massage

IV) Techniques of massage in detail

V) General effects and uses

VI) General indications & contraindications.

Topic 2: Regional massage & its therapeutic uses (10 hours)

I) Scalp massage

II) Facial massage

III) Back massage

IV) Abdominal massage

V) Upper limb massage

VI) Lower limb massage

Topic 3: The systemic effect of massage therapy (15 hours)

I) Musculoskeletal system

II) Nervous system

III) Cardiovascular system

IV) Lymphatic system

V) Integumentary system

Topic 4: Clinical implementation of the massage for the following conditions (15

hours)

I) Cardiac massage

II) Massage for reducing the limb edema

III) Massage for chronic headache

IV) Massage for insomnia

V) Massage for posttraumatic stiffness

VI) Massage for muscle spasm

VII) Massage for neurogenic pain

VIII) Massage for soft tissue contractures

IX) Massage for skin integrity

Subject VI

Human Anatomy 180 hours

(Didactic Theory Hours 100, Practical 80) Objectives-

Topic 1: Musculo- Skeletal

a) The student should be able to identify & Describe Anatomical aspects of

Muscle, bones & joints, & to understand and Analyze movements

b) To understand the Anatomical basis of various clinical conditions e.g.

Trauma, deformities, pertaining to limbs & spine.

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c) To be able to localize various surface land-marks;

d) To understand & describe the mechanism of posture & gait & the

Anatomical basis of abnormal gait.

Topic 2: Neuro-Anatomy

a) To identify & describe various parts of C.N.S.-fore- brain, Midbrain,

Hind-brain, Brain stem, courses of cranial nerves; functional

components,-course distribution-Anatomical bases of clinical lesions

b) To describe the source & course of spinal tracts

c) To describe blood circulation of C.N.S.& spine

d) Be able to identify the components of various Trans sections.

6


Topic 3: Thorax

To identify & describe various components of the contents of the Thorax-

with special emphasis to tracheo-bronchial tree, & cardio- pulmonary

system.

Topic 4: Circulatory

a) Be able to identify & describe the source & course of major arterial, venous

& lymphatic system, with special emphasis to extremities, Spine & Thorax.

Topic 5: Psychomotor

a) To be able to demonstrate the movements of various joints-

b) Distinguish cranial & peripheral nerves

c) Distinguish major arteries, veins & Lymphatics with special emphases to

extremities, & spine General Anatomy 50 hours

Topic 1: Histology

Cell, tissue of the body, epithelium, connective tissue, cartilage, bone,

blood, lymph, muscles & nerve.

(Special instructions: student should be able to identify the above in various

slides under microscope)

Topic 2: Embryology

I) Ovum, spermatozoa, Fertilization & formation of firm layers and their

derivations

II) Development of skin, fascia, blood vessels, lymphatics,

III) Development of bones, axial & appendicular skeleton & muscles

IV) Neural tube, brain vessels, spinal cord

V) Development of brain & its various parts

Topic 3: Skin & appendages of skin (brief out line) Topic 4: Cardiovascular System

Heart, arteries, veins, collateral circulation, nervous control of circulation

(in detail)

Topic 5: Respiratory system

Lungs, pleura, bronchopulmonary segments (in detail)

Topic 6: Digestive system (Brief out line) Topic 7: Urinary system (Brief out line) Topic 8: Male reproductive system (Brief out line) Topic 9: Female reproductive system) (in detail) Topic 10: Endocrine system (Brief out line) Topic 11: Lymphatic system (Brief out line) Topic 12: Radiological anatomy of thorax

7


Musculoskeletal Anatomy (All The Topics To Taught In Detail)

Topic 1: Anatomical positions of the body, axis, planes & common anatomical

Terminologies related to musculoskeletal anatomy (groove, tuberosity,

trochanters, Etc.)

Topic 2: Fascia – hard connective tissue.

Topic 3: Bones – compositions & functions, classifications & types according to

morphology & development.

Topic 4: Joints – definition, classification, structure of fibrous cartilaginous joints,

and movements of joints, blood supply & nerve supply.

Topic 5: Regional anatomy

a) Superior extremity- joints with extra articular structures, osteology, -

bones of upper limb and hand- soft parts – breast, pectoral region &

muscles attachment fascia, ligaments, blood vessels, nerves as well as

lymphatic drainage upper limb.

b) Inferior extremity-osteology- bones & joints with extra articular

structures of lower limb, blood vessels & nerves, lymphatic drainage of

leg, arches of the foot, skin of the foot.

c) Trunk – osteology – all the bones of the vertebral column & ribs, inter

vertebral joints, inter vertebral disc, ligaments & muscles of the spine

(all to be elaborated), inter costal muscles, thoracic cage, respiratory

muscles, muscles of breathing, mechanics of breathing,

d) Salient points about the eyeball, internal ear, triangles of the neck.

e) Radiological anatomy of musculoskeletal system.

f) Surface Anatomy of related structures.

Neuroanatomy (All The Topics To Be Taught In Detail)

Topic 1: Organization of CNS, spinal nerves & ANS mainly pertaining to

cardiovascular, respiratory & urogenital systems.

Topic 2: Cranial nerves.

Topic 3: PNS

Peripheral nerves, neuromuscular junction, myotomes & dermatomes,

Topic 4: CNS

Cerebral cortex - Various functional areas, brain stem, pons, medulla

oblongata cerebellum, basal ganglia, diencephalons, thalamus, sub

thalamus, hypothalamus, corpus striatum, ventricles of the brain blood

supply of the brain, internal capsule, visual radiations, thalamocortical

radiations, auditory radiations, pyramidal system spinal cord segments and

areas, different tracts of spinal cord-pyramidal & extra pyramidal system

anatomic integration & intracortical integration of CNS, blood brain barrier.

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Subject VI

Physiology

Human Physiology 165 hours (Didactic theory hours 100 practicals 65)

Objectives-

At the end of the course, the candidate will-

1) Acquire the knowledge of the relative contribution of each organ system in

maintenance of the milieu interior [Homeostasis]

2) 2) Be able to describe physiological functions of various systems, with

special reference to Musculo-skeletal, Neuro-motor, Cardio-respiratory,

Female uro-genital function, & alterations in function with aging.

3) Analyze physiological responses & adaptation to environmental stresses-with

special emphasis on physical activity, temperature.

4) Acquire the skill of basic clinical examination, with special emphasis to

Peripheral & Central Nervous system, Cardiovascular & Respiratory system,

& Exercise tolerance/Ergography.

General Physiology 25 Hrs.

(Only short notes)

GROSS studies (details not required)- total 25 hours lecture enough. A short note to be put up in question paper.

Topic 1: Blood

I) Composition and functions of blood.

II) Blood groups

III) Erythropoiesis, WBC & Platelets.

IV) Coagulation

Topic 2: Digestive system

I) General introduction, organizational plan of digestive system

II) Composition, function and regulation of salivary, gastric, pancreatic,

intestinal and biliary secretions.

III) Movements of GI tract

Topic 3: Excretary System

General introduction, structure & functions of kidney in general, nervous

control of bladder and applied physiology of bladder, urine formation

Micturition, neural control of bladder & bowel.

Topic 4: Endocrine system

Secretion, regulation and functions of pituitary, thyroid, adrenal, pancreas,

parathyroid, testis and ovaries, (details).

Topic 5: Physiology of Cell, transportation across the cell membrane.

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Neurophysiology.

Topic 1: Peripheral nervous system

I) Structure, classification & properties;

II) R.M.P.

III) Action potential;

IV) Propogation of nerve impulse

V) Degeneration & regeneration

VI) Reaction of degeneration [retrograde]

VII) Neuromuscular transmission.

VIII) Myoneural junction

IX) Motor unit action potential

X) Brief out line of eletrodaignostic test.

Topic 2: CNS

I) Physiology of synapse

II) Physiology of receptor organs for general special sensation

III) Physiology of pain touch pressure temperature, steriognosis and

kinesthetic sensation.

IV) Physiology of reflex action, classification and properties of reflexes

excluding conditioned reflexes.

V) Sensory and motor tracts of spinal cord and effects of complete and

incomplete transaction of spinal cord at various levels.

VI) Functions of cerebellum & basal ganglia

VII) Sensory and motor cortex

VIII) Physiology of labyrinthine system, Limbic system

IX) Regulation of equilibrium and posture.

X) Learning and memory

XI) Reticular activating system.

Topic 3: Autonomic Nervous System

Sympathetic /parasympathetic system-adrenal medulla, functions- Neuro

Transmitters— role in the function of pelvic floor, micturation, defecation

labor. Muscle Physiology

Topic 1: Structure, properties and classification of muscles. Physiology of muscle

contraction, excitation, and coupling

Topic 2: Motor unit-E.M.G.-factors affecting muscle transmission.

Topic 3: Physiology of Muscle Tone (muscle spindle)

Topic 4: Physiology of Voluntary movement.

Topic 5: Applied physiology of muscles. Respiratory System (in detail)

Topic 1: Introduction, general organization.

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Topic 2: Mechanics of respiration.

Topic 3: Pulmonary Volumes & capacities.

Topic 4: Ventilation/perfusion ratio, alveolar ventilation.

Topic 5: Anatomical & physiological Dead space.

Topic 6: Transport of respiratory gases

Topic 7: Nervous & Chemical control of respiration.

Topic 8: Pulmonary function tests-Direct & indirect method of measurement.

Topic 9: Physiological changes with altitude & acclimatization.

Topic 10: Brief out line about artificial ventilation.

Cardio Vascular

Topic 1: Structure & properties of cardiac muscle.

Topic 2: Cardiac cycle.

Topic 3: Heart rate regulation, factors affecting.

Topic 4: Blood pressure, definition, regulation, factors affecting.

Topic 5: Blood supply to heart.

Topic 6: Cardiac output, regulation & affecting factors.

Topic 7: Peripheral resistance, venous return.

Topic 8: Regional circulation, coronary, muscular & cerebral.

Topic 9: Conductive system of heart.

Topic 10: Normal ECG.

Exercise Physiology

Topic 1: Effects of acute & chronic exercises on

I) 02/C02 transport

II) Muscle strength/ power/ endurance

III) BMR/ RQ/ 02 dept

IV) Hormonal & metabolic effects

V) Cardiovascular system

VI) Respiratory system

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VII) Body fluids and electrolytes

VIII) Consequence of over exercising the abnormal muscle.

Topic 2: Effect of gravity/altitude/acceleration/pressure on physical parameters.

Topic 3: Physiology of aging.

Topic 4: Training-fatigue-& recovery.

Topic 5: Fitness-related to age, gender, & body type.

Temperature Regulation

Topic 1: Circulation of the skin –body fluid –electrolyte balance

Reproductive System

Topic 1: Functions of Estrogen, Progesterone & Testosterone

Topic 2: Puberty & Menopause.

Lymphatic System (brief out line)

Special Senses

Topic 1: Physiology of vision.

Topic 2: Physiology of hearing.

Topic 3: Physiology of taste.

Text Books

1. Course in Medical Physiology—Vol-I & II-by Dr Chandhani

2. Medical Physiology by Dr. Bijlani

3. Textbook on Medical Physiology-By Gyton

Reference Books

1. Review of medical physiology-Gavton.

2. Samson & Writes Applied physiology.

Practical

1. Hematology- (demonstration only) 6 hrs.

2. Graphs 4 hrs.

i. Skeletal muscle-properties-pre /after load-fatigue-Starling’s law

ii. Cardiac muscle- properties-effect of Ach & Adrenaline.

3. Physical fitness 2hrs

i. Breath holding

ii. Mercury column test;

iii. Cardiac efficiency test-Harvard step test- Master step test.

4. Blood pressure –effects of change in posture & exercise 3 hrs 5. Stethography 1 hr

i. Effect of deglutination;

ii. Voluntary hyperventilation

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6. Spirometry 2 hrs

i. Lung volumes- ii. Timed vital capacity.

7. Mosso`s finger ergography 1 hr

8. Perimetry 1 hr

9. Clinical examination 15 hrs

Respi/ cvs/ higher functions /memory/time /orientation/ reflexes/ motor &

sensory system.

Scheme Of Examination

1. Theory- 80 Marks

2. Int. Assessment- 20 Marks ______________ Total- 100 Marks

Model Question Paper

Section-A

MCQ.Q-1. Based on single Best answer 20 marks

It must include MUST KNOW questions

Section-B

SAQ. Q-2 Answer any Five out of Six 15 marks

Q-3. Answer any Three out of four – 15 marks

Section-C

LAQ. Q-4. Based on Musculo-skeletal system 15 marks

Q-5. Based on C.N.S./ spinal cord/

Electro-Neuro-physiology 15 marks

OR

Q-6]---------------------------do------------------------- 15marks

[LAQ should give break up of 15 marks]

Practical 80 Marks

1. Total Four Spots

5 Minute per spot and five marks per spot (5 X 4 = 20 Marks)

Spot based on Nervous System, Respiratory System, Cardiovascular

System, Exercise Physiology

2. Demonstration on clinical Physiology 35 Marks

Clinical Physiology on Resp /CVS/ Higher functions/ Memory time/ Orientation/

Reflexes/Motor & Sensory system.

3. Viva

Based on Haematology/ Graphs/Physical fitness/BP/Stethograph/

Spirometry/ Ergography/ Perimetry 20 Marks

4. Journal 5 Marks

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General Psychology

Section I

Topic 1: History and field of psychology.

Topic 2: The science of psychology & interdisciplinary approach.

Topic 3: Biological foundations of behavior, heredity, environment, logical bases

for development.

Topic 4: Feelings & emotions.

Topic 5: Motivation, conflict? Adjustment.

Topic 6: Perception- sensory bases for perception.

Topic 7: Thinking.

Topic 8: Communication & language.

Topic 9: Personality.

Topic 10: Individual in society.

Topic 11: Developmental psychology.

a) Factors influencing growth & development

b) Describe in detail about child, adolescence & adulthood & geriatric

Psychology.

Topic 12: Industrial psychology

I) Efficiency in production

II) Industrial & highway accidents – causes of accidents, personal &

environmental accident prevention.

Section II

Topic 1: Learning & Education

I) Learning – Basic principles, Human learning & retention, the cognition

process

II) Historical background of learning & education.

Topic 2: Theories of learning and education.

Topic 3: Nature of learning.

Topic 4: Types of education.

Topic 5: Functions and aims of education.

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Topic 6: Education as a necessity to life.

Topic 7: Motivation factor in learning process and education.

Topic 8: Modern trends in learning & education.

Topic 9: Memory

Sociology

Topic 1: Introduction

Definitions of sociology, sociology as a science of society, uses of the study

of sociology application of knowledge of sociology in physiotherapy and

occupational therapy.

Topic 2: Sociology And Health

Social factors affecting health status social consciousness and perception of

illness decision making in taking treatment

Topic 3: Socialization

Meaning of socialization influence of social factors on personality,

socialization in hospital socialization in the rehabilitation of patients.

Topic 4: Social Groups

Concept of social groups, influence of formal and informal groups on health

and sickness. The roll of primary groups and secondary groups in the hospital

and rehabilitation settings.

Topic 5: Family

Influence of family on human personality discussion of changes in the

function of a family, influence of family on the individual’s health family

and nutrition, the effects of sickness on family, family and psychosomatic

diseases.

Topic 6: Community

Concept of mommunity, role of rural and urban communities in public

health, role of community in determining beliefs, practices and home

remedies in treatment.

Topic 7: Culture

Components of culture, impact of culture in human behavior, cultural

meaning of sickness response to sickness and choice of treatment (role of

culture as social consciousness in moulding the perception of reality)

Topic 8: Caste

Features of the modern caste system and its trends.

Topic 9: Social Change.

Meaning of social change, factors of social change, human adaptation and

social change. Social change and stress, social change and deviance, social

15


change and health programmes the role of social planning the improvement

of health and in rehabilitation.

Topic 10: Social Control.

Meaning of social control, role of norms, folkways, customs, morals, religion

law and other means of social control in the regulation of human behavior

social deviance and disease.

Topic 11: Social Problems Of The Disabled.

Consequences of the following social problems in the relation sickness and

disability, remedies to prevent these problems.

i. Population explosion

ii. Poverty & unemployment

iii. Beggary

iv. Juvenile delinquency

v. Prostitution

vi. Alcoholism

vii. Problems of women employment

Topic 12: Social Security.

Social security and social legislation in relation to the disabled.

Topic 13: Social Worker.

The role of a medical social worker.

Text Books

1) Introduction to sociology, by Vidhyabushan

Books For Reference.

1. Morgan C.T. & King R.A.-Introduction to Psychology-7th edn [Tata McGraw-Hill publication.

2. Munn N.L.-Introduction to Psychology [Premium Oxford, I.B.P. publishing co.] 3. Sociology for physiotherapist By D.N Bid.

16


Biochemistry 65 hrs-Didactic only

Objectives-

At the end of the course, the candidate will –

1) Be able to describe structures & functions of cell in brief.

2) Be able to describe normal functions of different components of food, Enzymes.

3) Define Basal metabolic rate & factors affecting the same [in brief], with special

reference to obesity.

4) Be able to discuss nutritional aspects of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins &

Vitamins & their metabolism with special reference to obesity.

5) Define enzymes, discuss in brief, factors affecting enzyme activity.

6) Describe in details biochemical aspects of muscle contracion.

7) Acquire knowledge in brief about the Clinical biochemistry, with special

reference to Liver & renal function test, Blood study for Lipid profile,

metabolism of fat, Carbo- Hydrates, proteins, bone minerals, & electrolyte

balance.

Topic 1: Cell biology 1 hr

I) Membrane structure & function

II) Junction of intracellular organelle in brief- [no structural details needed]

Topic 2: Carbohydrates 10 hrs

I) Chemistry-definition, classification with examples

II) Functions of carbohydrates with muccopolysaccarhides [in details]

III) Reducing properties of sugars of clinical & diagnostic importance

[e.g.Benedict`s test, Banfood`s test etc

IV) Metabolism-Digestion & absorption of carbohydrates -Glycolysis- aerobic,

anaerobic, Energetics & regulation

V) Kreb`s cycle-its energetics & regulation- role of T.C.A. cycle

VI) Glycogenesis, glycogenolysis & their regulation-role of liver in muscle

glycogen

VII) Glyconeogenesis-significance of H.M.P. shunt

VIII) Hormonal regulation of blood sugar levels-Important metabolic

disorders of glycogen, lactose intolerance, Diabetes mellitus.

Topic 3: Proteins 7 hrs

1) Chemistry-definition-function-classification of Amino acids-protein

structure-effect of temperature on proteins- denaturation-coagulation;

isoelectric pH & its importance

2) Metabolism-Digestion & absorption- Decarboxylation- De-amination

3) Transmethylation-transamination & their importance-Detoxification of

ammonia including urea cycle

4) Special products of amino acid-e.g. phenylalnine glycine, methionine[no

biosynthesis]

5) Neuro-transmitters no bio-synthesis]

17


Topic 4: Lipids 7 hrs

1) Chemistry-definition-classification-[including fatty acids with examples]-

function.

2) Metabolism-Digestion & absorption of lipids-B-oxidation-of saturated

fatty acids & its energetics & regulation of fat metabolism in adipose

tissue-Ketone bodies formation & utilization—cholesterol & its

importance [no biosynthesis needed]-classification, sources & function

of lipoproteins-lipoproteinemia atherosclerosis

3) Fate of Glycerol in- [pathways & reaction not required.

a] Gluconeogenesis,

b] Energy [glycolysis],

c] Tri-glycerides,

d] Phospholipid synthesis,

Topic 5: Nuclic Acids 3 hrs

1) D.N.A. /R.N.A.-definition-structure & function-types-Genetic code-

catabolism of purine –gout

Topic 6: Enzymes 4 hrs

1) Definition-Co-Enzymes-classification-factors affecting

2) General metabolism of enzymes [in brief]

3) Inhibition & types of inhibitors

4) Iso-enzymes

5) Clinical & therapeutic use of enzymes

Topic 7: Vitamins 7 hrs

1) Water & Fat soluble-definition-classification

2) Individual vitamins-sources-Co-enzyme forms- function-reaction related

to metabolism covered

3) RDA, absorption-& transport-deficiency & toxicity.

Topic 8: Biological Oxidation 1 hr

1) Oxidative phosphorylation & ETC in brief

Topic 9: Minerals 4 hrs

1) Phosphate, calcium, & iron [in details]

2) Magnesium, flouride, Zink, Copper, Selenium Molybdenum, Iodine-

sources, RDA, absorption, -transport-excretion function & disorder

Topic 10: Acid- Base Balance, Water & Electrolyte 3 hrs

1) Body water, pH-osmolarity Extra & Intra cellular fluid

2) Buffers-pH, buffer system in blood

3) Role of kidneys & lungs in acid-base balance

4) Water- electrolyte balance im-balance-dehydration

Topic 11: Hormones 4 hrs

1) Definition-classification-mechanism & action

2) Second messenger Ca, camp, inositol phosphate

3) Metabolic effects of a]-Insulin, b]-Glucagon, c]-Catecholamines, d]-

Thyroxine

4) Mineralo-corticoids,f]-gluco corticoids

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Topic 12: Muscle Contraction 3 hrs

1) Contractile elements

2) Biochemical events during contraction

3) Energy metabolism in skeletal & cardiac muscle

Topic 13: Connective Tissue 2 hrs

1) Biochemistry of connective tissue-collagen –Glyco-protein –proteoglycans

Topic 14: Nutrition 5 hrs

1) Importance of nutrition-Calorimetry-energy value-calorimeter-

respiratory quotient & its significance

2) Basal metabolic rate-definition-normal values-factors affecting BMR

3) Energy requirement-with-age/sex/ thermogenesis/-specific dynamic

action of food, -energy expenditure for various activities

4) Composition of food, balanced Diet dietary recommendations nutritional

supplementation- nutritional value of carbohydrates/proteins/fats &

Fibers

5) Nitrogen balance & its significance-Protein energy malnutrition-

Kwashiorkor & Marasmus

Topic 15: Clinical Biochemistry 4 hrs

1) Liver function test & Renal function test

2) Relevance of blood levels of glucose, urea, Ca-Phosphate-& uric acid

3) Enzymes-Amylase, CPK, LDH, iroenzymes

4) Lipid profile-Tri -glyceride, cholesterol/HDL/LDL/ALDL etc

5) Protein & Aggression i]-Glycosuria

Text- Books

1] Biochemistry-by Dr. Deb Jyoti Das,

2] Biochemistry-by-Dr Satyanarayan

3] Textbook of Biochemistry for Medical students by-Dr Vasudevan/ Shri kumar

Reference Books

1] Review of Biochemistry [24th edition] by Harper.

Scheme Of Examination [Theory Only]

(Theory-80 Marks + Internal Assessment-20 Marks)

Section: A

MCQ. Q.1 Single best answer of MUST KNOW area 20 marks

Section: B

SAQ. Q. 2. To attempt any FIVE out of Six answers. 15 marks

Q-3. To attempt any THREE out of Four answers 15 marks

Section: C

LAQ. Q. 4. [Compulsory] 15 marks

[Should be based on Musculo-skeletal/ Neural Biochemistry]

19


Q-5]--------------------------------------------------------- 15marks OR

Q-6]--------------------------------------------------------- 15 marks

[LAQ should give break up of 15 marks]

20


Fundamental Of Physiotherapy

Objectives-

1) To create well awareness with the physiotherapy students regarding the basic

professional skills

2) To provide strong basement to study the physiotherapy profession & its importance

in the health care system.

3) To establish professional motto with the students.

Part-I

Fundamental Of Exercise Therapy.

This subject includes the detail biomechanics of various movements that is being performed

as a skill of exercise therapy.

Sec-A

Biomechanics

1) Mechanical principles & its therapeutic applications

Topic 1. Forces

A) Components

B) Principles of force

C) Classification of forces

D) Sources of forces

E) Application of forces in the therapeutic effect of traction forces

Topic 2. Physics Of Motion

A) Newton’ s laws

B) Analysis of a movement – kinetic & kinematics

Topic 3. Equilibrium

A) Classification

B) Relationship between the stability & base of support

Topic 4. Inertia

A) Definition & effect over a movement

Topic 5. Levers In Detail

A) Classification

B) Effects & uses

C) Levers in physiotherapy.

Topic 6. Pulleys / Springs

A) Classification

B) Mechanical advantages in each type

C) Therapeutic uses

Topic 7: Pendulum in detail

21


Topic 8: Muscle work

A) Types of muscle work

B) Components of muscular force

C) Classification of muscle based on biomechanical efficiency

I) Spurt muscle

II) Shunt muscle

III) Tonic muscle

IV) Phasic muscle

V) Biomechanics of two joint muscles Angle of pull, torque, moment

arm & resultant of muscular force

2) Osteokinematics

a) Introduction about bone as a connective tissue, types of bones related

to stress applied in various circumstances.

b) Functions of bone, bone as a resource of force, bony lever, anatomical

pulley.

3) Orthrokinematics

a. Introduction about arthrology.

b. Describe about the joint motion, sources, factors responsible for

mobility and stability of the joint.

c. Characteristic feature of joint motion especially during combined

movement as well as isolated movement.

d. Describe the various positions attained by any joint when it is subject to

function.

e. Applied arthrokinematics in brief.

4) Muscle as a source of kinetics

a) Introduction about muscles, muscle cell, muscle fibril, muscle fiber,

muscle tissue

b) Classification of muscle fibers, based on arrangement, energy

expenditure, by physical nature and biomechanical efficiency.

c) Muscle work- describe in detail- isometric, isotonic and isokinetic, anble

of pull, mechanical advantage, moment arm, torque, resolution of

muscular force, normal muscle action and reverse action.

d) Muscle tone, factors maintains of normal muscle tone.

e) Factors responsible muscle function.

f) Applied myology in brief.

Sec-B

Introduction To Exercise Therapy

1) Principles of exercise therapy, definition, aims and objectives of exercise

therapy.

2) Branches of exercise therapy.

3) An orientation about various skills of manual therapy.

Conventional techniques

1) Passive exercises

22


- Relaxed passive movements

- Passive manual mobilization techniques

- Passive stretching

- Manipulations

2) Active exercises

- Definition

- Classification

a) Active assisted exercises

b) Active resisted exercises

c) Assisted resisted exercises

d) Free exercises

e) Exercises for endurance

3) Therapeutic Gymnasium

Suspension Therapy, other accessory modalities.

4) Hydroterapy

Physics principles, hydrotherapy pool, and exercises in the pool,

maintenance, indications, contraindications, and therapeutic uses.

5) Walking Aids In Detail

6) Physical Parameters In Exercise Therapy

Includes Range of motion, limb length, girth, measurement of chest

expansion and vital signs.

8) Principles Of Group Exercises Merits & Demerits.

9) Principles Of Exersise Therapy Treatment

10) Fundamental Starting & Derived Positions.

Sec- C

Therapeutic Massage

Topic 1. Introduction to massage 20 hours

a) History

b) Definition and classification

c) Principles of massage

d) Techniques of massage in detail

e) General effects and uses

f) General indications & contraindications

Topic 2. Regional massage & its therapeutic uses 10 hours

a) Scalp massage

b) Facial massage

c) Back massage

d) Abdominal massage

e) Upper limb massage

23


f) Lower limb massage

Topic 3. The systemic effect of massage therapy 15 hours

a) Musculoskeletal system

b) Nervous system

c) Cardiovascular system

d) Lymphatic system

e) Integumentary system

Topic 4. Clinical implementation of the massage for the following Conditions 15

hours

a) Cardiac massage

b) Massage for reducing the limb edema

c) Massage for chronic headache

d) Massage for insomnia

e) Massage for post traumatic stiffness

f) Massage for muscle spasm

g) Massage for neurogenic pain

h) Massage for soft tissue Contractures

i) Massage for skin integrity

Text Books

1) Principles of Exercise Therapy–Dena Gardiner

2) Massage, manipulation & traction---Sydney Litch

3) Therapeutic Exercise----------------do---------------

4) Massage- Holley

5) Suspension Therapy in Rehabilitation—Margaret Hollis

6) Biomechanics--Cynthia Norkin

7) Hydrotherapy - Duffield

8) Measurement of physical function - Cynthia Norkins

Reference Books

1) Therapeutic Exercise—Carolyn Kisner.

Part-II

Fundamentals Of Electrotherapy

Sec-A

Medical Electronics

Topic 1. Electricity – Definition electric circuit & its components Types of electric

currents.

1) AC

2) DC

3) Modified AC

4) Modified DC

5) Uses of electricity in general

24


6) Therapeutic uses

Topic 2. Components of electric circuits

1) Main supply

2) Types of cables

3) Fuse

4) Regulators

5) Choke coil

Topic 3. Devices used for rendering the current

1) Condensers

2) Rheostats

3) Transformers

4) Transistors

5) Semiconductors& Oscilloscope

Topic 5. Setting up an electrotherapy department

Topic 6. Safety measures in electrotherapy department

Topic 7. Physics of Heat & Cold

a) Conduction of Heat

b) Application of heat & cold & its physiological effects]

Topic 8. Radiations

a) Electromagnetic spectrum

b) Laws governing radiations

Topic 9. Magnetism

a) Properties of magnets

b) Electromagnetic induction

Topic 10. Thermionic Emission

a) Diodes

b) Triodes

Sec-B

Low & medium frequency currents

Topic 1. Low Frequency

1) Various types of low frequency currents Faradic type current, galvanic,

sinusoidal, didynamic & strong surged faradism, Russian currents.

2) TENS and its types

- Indications

- Contraindications

- Therapeutic uses as a pain relieving modality

Topic 2. Medium frequency currents

I) IFT

25


- Production

- Beat frequency

- Indications

- Contraindications

- Therapeutic uses as a pain relieving modality

II) Pain & pain modulation

Sec-C

High Frequency Currents & Other Therapeutic Heating Modalities

1) Production, Physical principles, Panel diagram, Testing of apparatus S.W.D Ultra

sound, U.V.R., I.RR, LASER -(no panel diagram)

2) Bio-physics of Superficial heat & cold-Physiological effects-Therapeutic effects,

uses-Merits / demerits, Indications/contra-indications-skills of application

a) Home remedies

b) Paraffin wax bath

c) Whirl pool

d) Contrast bath

e) Hydro-collator hot packs/cold packs

f) Cryotherapy

Text Books

1) Clayton1s Electro therapy-3RD & 10th Ed,

2) Electro therapy explained –by Low & Read

3) Electro Therapy –by Kahn

Reference Book

Clinical Electro Therapy-by Nelson & Currier.

Subjects

Sr.No Name of the subject Total No of hours

per week Total Transcript hours per year

1 Anatomy 9 hours 180 hours 2 Physiology 9 hours 165 hours 3 Biochemistry 2 hours 80 hours 4 Fundamentals of

physiotherapy 14 hours 300 hours

5 General Psychology & sociology

6 hours 100 hours

Subjects not for university examinations but can be strictly considered for internal assessment examinations.

Sr.No Name of the

subject Total No of hours per week

Total Transcript hours per year

1 Introduction to Physiotherapy

1 hour 30 hours

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