Querying Microsoft SQL Server 2012

boB Taylor MCA, MCM, MCSD, MCSE, MCT

Principal Consultant - Premier DeveloperEmail: bob.taylor@Microsoft.comTwitter: @sqlboBTBlog: http://blogs.msdn.com/bobtaylor

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Identify Your Certification Goals

MCSA: SQL Server 2012Certification Requirements

Exam 70-461:Querying Microsoft SQL Server 2012

MCSA: SQL Server 2012

Exam 70-462:Administering Microsoft SQL Server 2012 Databases

Exam 70-463:Implementing a Data Warehouse

with Microsoft SQL Server 2012

MCSE: Data PlatformCertification Requirements

MCSA: SQL Server 2012

MCSE: Data Platform

Exam 70-464:Developing

Microsoft SQL Server 2012 Databases

Exam 70-465:Designing Database

Solutions for SQL Server 2012

FIND KNOWLEDGE GAPS

Exam 70-461 GuideSkills Measured

Functional groups and individual topicsRelative weighting of functional groupsLinks to more information about functional topics

Preparation Options

Check the Exam Guide

70-461 Exam OutlineObjective %

Create Database Objects 24%

Work with Data 27%

Modify Data 24%

Troubleshoot and Optimize Queries 25%

Details of each area

FILL KNOWLEDGE GAPS

Topics Outline

Create Database ObjectsQuerying DataModifying DataOptimizing Queries

Topics Outline

Create Database ObjectsQuerying DataModifying DataOptimizing Queries

Notable Data Types

XMLSpatial

GeometryGeography

DateDateTimeDateTime2DateTimeOffset

Constraints

CheckPrimary KeyForeign KeyUniqueDefault

[ColumnDefinition] ConstraintName TYPE Options

DML Triggers

Update tables to maintain integrityPerform complex checksAuditingTypes

Instead ofAfter

CREATE TRIGGER ProductCategory_InsertON Production.ProductCategoryAFTER INSERTASBEGIN

SET NOCOUNT ONINSERT INTO ProductCategoryLog

(ProductCategoryID, Name, CreationDate)

SELECT INSERTED.ProductCategoryID

, INSERTED.Name, GETDATE()

FROM INSERTEDEND

Note: Always part of the current transaction

View Restrictions

1024 columnsSingle queryRestricted data modificationsNo top (without order by)

View Options

SchemabindingEncryptionView MetadataCheck

QuestionYou are a database developer. One of the requirements is to create searchable maps of floor plans to allow customers to determine where items are stored. What data type should use?A.GeometryB.VarbinaryC.BigIntD.Geography

Answer

You are a database developer. One of the requirements is to create searchable maps of floor plans to allow customers to determine where items are stored. What data type should use?A.GeometryB.VarbinaryC.BigIntD.Geography

Takeaway: Geometry for flat surfaces

Topics Outline

Create Database ObjectsQuerying DataModifying DataOptimizing Queries

SQL 2012 Functions

TRY_CONVERT(type, value)PARSE(value AS type USING culture)

TRY_PARSE also available

FORMAT(value, format, culture)IIF(boolean, True, False)

Ranking Options

RankDense rankNtileRow number

Joins

InnerOuterFullCross

Apply Operators

Join to a functionCross Apply

“Inner Join”

Outer Apply“Outer Join”

Common table expresssion (CTE)

WITH CustomersWithOrders(CustomerID) AS (SELECT CustomerID FROM Sales.Customer INTERSECT SELECT CustomerID FROM Sales.SalesOrderHeader)SELECT cwo.CustomerID, c.FirstName, c.LastName, c.EmailAddressFROM CustomersWithOrders cwo INNER JOIN Sales.Customer c ON cwo.CustomerID = c.CustomerID;

Handling Null Values

Null != NullUse Column IS NULL or Column IS NOT NULL

CaseISNULLCOALESCE

PivotWITH SalesData AS (SELECT st.Name AS TerritoryName, soh.SubTotal AS SalesAmount, Year(soh.OrderDate) AS SalesYear FROM Sales.SalesTerritory st INNER JOIN Sales.SalesOrderHeader soh ON st.TerritoryID = soh.TerritoryID)SELECT *FROM SalesData PIVOT (Sum(SalesAmount) FOR SalesYear IN ([2001], [2002], [2003], [2004])) AS PvtORDER BY TerritoryName;

Rollup and CubeSELECT Region

, Country, Category, SUM(TotalSold) AS TotalSales

FROM Sales.SalesInformation

GROUP BY ROLLUP(Region, Country, Category); -- One pass-- ORGROUP BY ROLLUP(Region, Country, Category); -- Every Pass

Grouping SetsSELECT Region

, Country, Category, SUM(TotalSold) AS TotalSales

FROM Sales.SalesInformationGROUP BY GROUPING SETS (

(Region, Country, Category), (Country, Category), (Region, Category), (Category)

);

FOR XML – RAWSELECT FirstName

, LastNameFROM Person.ContactFOR XML RAW('Contact')

, ROOT('Contacts'), ELEMENTS

<Contacts> <Contact> <FirstName>...</FirstName> <LastName>...</LastName> </Contact></Contacts>

FOR XML – AUTOSELECT FirstName

, LastNameFROM Person.Contact AS ContactFOR XML AUTO

, ROOT('Contacts'), ELEMENTS

<Contacts> <Contact> <FirstName>...</FirstName> <LastName>...</LastName> </Contact></Contacts>

FOR XML - EXPLICITSELECT 1 AS Tag

, NULL AS Parent , ProductID AS [Product!1! ID], Name AS [Product!1!Name!ELEMENT]

FROM SalesLT.ProductWHERE ProductCategoryID = 5FOR XML EXPLICIT

, ROOT('Products');

<Products> <Product ID="..."> <Name>...</Name> </Product></Products>

XML - Retrieving Elements and Attributes (PATH)SELECT ProductID AS [@ID]

, NameFROM SalesLT.ProductWHERE ProductCategoryID = 5FOR XML PATH('Product')

, ROOT('Products');<Products> <Product ID="..."> <Name>...</Name> </Product></Products>

Fetch and OffsetSELECT FirstName

, LastNameFROM HumanResources.EmployeeORDER BY LastName

OFFSET @StartingRowNumber ROWSFETCH NEXT @Rows ROWS ONLY;

QuestionYou have a query that returns data using the cube option. One of the columns contains null data. You need to identify when a field is being used to display aggregated data. What should you include in your query?A.CASEB. ISNULLC.GROUPING_IDD.COALESCE

QuestionYou have a query that returns data using the cube option. One of the columns contains null data. You need to identify when a field is being used to display aggregated data. What should you include in your query?A.CASEB. ISNULLC.GROUPING_IDD.COALESCE

Topics Outline

Create Database ObjectsQuerying DataModifying DataOptimizing Queries

Stored Procedure Options

EncryptionExecute As

OwnerSelfCaller'user'

Recompile

Update StatementUPDATE Production.ProductSET ListPrice = tp.ListPriceOUTPUT DELETED.Name

, INSERTED.ListPrice AS NewPrice, DELETED.ListPrice AS OldPrice

FROM Production.Product pINNER JOIN #TempProducts tp

ON p.ProductID = tp.ProductID

Merge Statement

Merge data from one table with anotherComponents

TargetSourceOn statement

“Join” for Target and SourceMatchedNot matchedOutput

Merge SyntaxMERGE Target AS TUSING Source AS S

ON (T.EmployeeID = S.EmployeeID) WHEN NOT MATCHED BY TARGET -- INSERT THEN INSERT(EmployeeID, EmployeeName)

VALUES(S.EmployeeID, S.EmployeeName)WHEN MATCHED -- UPDATE THEN UPDATE SET T.EmployeeName = S.EmployeeNameOUTPUT $action AS [Action]

, inserted.EmployeeID AS [NewID], inserted.EmployeeName AS [NewName], deleted.EmployeeID AS [OldID], deleted.EmployeeName AS [OldName];

QuestionYou need to create a stored procedure to update rows in a table named Customers. You have permissions to alter rows in Customers. You need to ensure all callers of this stored procedure will be able to perform the operation even if they don’t have permissions access to the table. Which option should you use when creating the stored procedure?A. ENCRYPTIONB. EXECUTE AS CALLERC. EXECUTE AS SELFD. RECOMPILE

QuestionYou need to create a stored procedure to update rows in a table named Customers. You have permissions to alter rows in Customers. You need to ensure all callers of this stored procedure will be able to perform the operation even if they don’t have permissions access to the table. Which option should you use when creating the stored procedure?A. ENCRYPTIONB. EXECUTE AS CALLERC. EXECUTE AS SELFD. RECOMPILE

Topics Outline

Create Database ObjectsQuerying DataModifying DataOptimizing Queries

Join Types

Nested LoopSmall joins

Merge JoinsLarge, sorted data

Hash JoinLarge, unsorted data

Transactions

BeginCommitRollbackSave

Isolation LevelsRead Uncommitted

No locks

Read CommittedSelect only locks during execution

Repeatable ReadSelect locks data that has been returned

SerializableSelect locks the range

May incur a table lock

Snapshot Isolation

Uses versioningEveryone gets a sandbox

Additional TempDB overheadMust be enabled at the database levelREAD_COMMITTED_SNAPSHOT

Converts read committed to snapshot

Try/CatchBEGIN TRY

BEGIN TRANSACTION-- Perform Work, assuming successCOMMIT TRANSACTION

END TRYBEGIN CATCH

ROLLBACK TRANSACTION

PRINT ERROR_MESSAGE()PRINT ERROR_NUMBER()PRINT ERROR_LINE()

END CATCH

Cursors

Row based logicGenerally slows performance

Steps to use a cursorDeclare cursorOpen cursorFetch dataCreate loopUse dataClose cursorDeallocate cursor

Query HintUsed to suggest how optimizer should execute query

Table HintUsed to suggest how optimizer should access a table

Using Hints

SELECT * FROM Person.AddressWHERE City = @city_name AND PostalCode = @postal_codeOPTION (OPTIMIZE FOR (@city_name = 'Seattle', @postal_code UNKNOWN));

UPDATE Production.Product WITH (TABLOCK) SET ListPrice = ListPrice * 1.10WHERE ProductNumber LIKE 'BK-%';

SCHEDULE AND TAKE THE EXAM

Exam Tips• Set a date• Set small goals• Sleep well

Before the Exam

• Don’t panic• Keep an eye on time• Don’t spend too long on one question

During the Exam

• Eliminate wrong answers• Mark the question for review• Guess

Tough Question

Resources

Register for the examwww.prometric.com

Prepare for the examExam 70-461 Exam Preparation

Microsoft Official Courseware10774A – Querying Microsoft SQL Server 2012

Microsoft PressTraining Kit (Exam 70-461) Querying Microsoft SQL Server 2012Microsoft SQL Server 2012 T-SQL Fundamentals

Resources

Learning

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Related contentLabs DBI-H305 What's New for T-SQL in Microsoft SQL Server 2012

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or Exam Prep for Exam 70-462

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