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Deer Management in Urban, Suburban or Rural Environments: The Need for Intensive Commitment USDA, APHIS, Wildlife Services Justin Gansowski Wildlife Disease Biologist

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Page 1: Deer Management in Urban, Suburban or Rural Environments: The Need for Intensive Commitment USDA, APHIS, Wildlife Services Justin Gansowski Wildlife Disease

Deer Management in Urban, Suburban or Rural Environments: The Need for

Intensive Commitment

USDA, APHIS, Wildlife ServicesJustin Gansowski Wildlife Disease Biologist

Page 2: Deer Management in Urban, Suburban or Rural Environments: The Need for Intensive Commitment USDA, APHIS, Wildlife Services Justin Gansowski Wildlife Disease

Deer Management: The Need for Intensive Commitment

Human Health & Safety Agriculture Natural Resources Property

Page 3: Deer Management in Urban, Suburban or Rural Environments: The Need for Intensive Commitment USDA, APHIS, Wildlife Services Justin Gansowski Wildlife Disease

Deer Management: The Need for Intensive Commitment

Service Agency

Provide recommendations, guidance and services at the request of citizens, organizations, government

Non-regulatory

We have no enforcement capabilities

Service-funded

We are a user fee agency

USDA - APHIS - Wildlife Services

Page 4: Deer Management in Urban, Suburban or Rural Environments: The Need for Intensive Commitment USDA, APHIS, Wildlife Services Justin Gansowski Wildlife Disease

Deer Management: The Need for Intensive Commitment

Page 5: Deer Management in Urban, Suburban or Rural Environments: The Need for Intensive Commitment USDA, APHIS, Wildlife Services Justin Gansowski Wildlife Disease

Deer Management: The Need for Intensive Commitment

2013 NYS Deer Harvest: 243,567

Page 6: Deer Management in Urban, Suburban or Rural Environments: The Need for Intensive Commitment USDA, APHIS, Wildlife Services Justin Gansowski Wildlife Disease

Deer Management: The Need for Intensive Commitment

Agricultural Damage

NY received ~ 59 million in agriculture damage in 2002

Page 7: Deer Management in Urban, Suburban or Rural Environments: The Need for Intensive Commitment USDA, APHIS, Wildlife Services Justin Gansowski Wildlife Disease

Deer Management: The Need for Intensive Commitment

Environmental Damage

Overbrowsing can• Decrease plant growth, survivorship, reproduction,

and plant diversity• Increase invasive species

Page 8: Deer Management in Urban, Suburban or Rural Environments: The Need for Intensive Commitment USDA, APHIS, Wildlife Services Justin Gansowski Wildlife Disease

Deer Management: The Need for Intensive Commitment

Environmental Damage

Just because it looks nice does not mean it is healthy.

Page 9: Deer Management in Urban, Suburban or Rural Environments: The Need for Intensive Commitment USDA, APHIS, Wildlife Services Justin Gansowski Wildlife Disease

Deer Management: The Need for Intensive Commitment

Human Health & Safety

• NY reported 35,000 deer crashes in 2011• 1,311 people injured • $1,500 average per accident

Page 10: Deer Management in Urban, Suburban or Rural Environments: The Need for Intensive Commitment USDA, APHIS, Wildlife Services Justin Gansowski Wildlife Disease

Deer Management: The Need for Intensive Commitment

Human Health & Safety

Disease

 Vector

Human Exposure

Lyme Disease Deer tick (Ixodes scapularis) Tick bite

Ehrlichiosis Lone star tick (Ambylomma americanum)

Tick bite

Powassan Deer tick (Ixodes scapularis), woodchuck tick (Ixodes cookei), squirrel tick (Ixodes marxii)

Tick bite

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

American dog tick (Dermacentor andersoni), Rocky Mountain wood tick (Dermacentor andersoni), brown dog tick (Rhipicephalus sangunineus)

Tick bite

Babesiosis Deer tick (Ixodes scapularis) Tick bite

     

     

Page 11: Deer Management in Urban, Suburban or Rural Environments: The Need for Intensive Commitment USDA, APHIS, Wildlife Services Justin Gansowski Wildlife Disease

Deer Management: The Need for Intensive Commitment

Property Damage

1.34 million in damage to 6,200 acres Town of Brookhaven, Suffolk Co. NY

Page 12: Deer Management in Urban, Suburban or Rural Environments: The Need for Intensive Commitment USDA, APHIS, Wildlife Services Justin Gansowski Wildlife Disease

Deer Management: The Need for Intensive Commitment

Management Options

• Exclusion• Fertility Control• Volunteer Hunters• Cull

All options require a level of time, money, and commitment.

Page 13: Deer Management in Urban, Suburban or Rural Environments: The Need for Intensive Commitment USDA, APHIS, Wildlife Services Justin Gansowski Wildlife Disease

Deer Management: The Need for Intensive Commitment

Exclusion

What makes a good fence• Minimum 8’ • Fencing touches ground, buried if possible• No gaps, deer will find them• Gates remained closed• Dead trees removed

Page 14: Deer Management in Urban, Suburban or Rural Environments: The Need for Intensive Commitment USDA, APHIS, Wildlife Services Justin Gansowski Wildlife Disease

Deer Management: The Need for Intensive Commitment

Exclusion

Pros to fencing• Property and resource protection• Plant recovery inside the fence• Security

Cons to fencing• Costly• Requires maintenance• Overbrowsing outside the fence• Only displaces the deer problem• Can create deer funneling = motorist concerns

Page 15: Deer Management in Urban, Suburban or Rural Environments: The Need for Intensive Commitment USDA, APHIS, Wildlife Services Justin Gansowski Wildlife Disease

Deer Management: The Need for Intensive Commitment

Fertility Control

“Attempting to manage a suburban deer herd using fertility control

alone will not likely be successful in areas with high deer densities” Boulanger et al. 2014

Types of fertility control• Surgical Sterilization• Immunocontraceptive vaccines

• GonaCon• Porcine zona pellucida (PZP)

Page 16: Deer Management in Urban, Suburban or Rural Environments: The Need for Intensive Commitment USDA, APHIS, Wildlife Services Justin Gansowski Wildlife Disease

Deer Management: The Need for Intensive Commitment

Fertility Control

• Technique still considered experimental• Need the ideal conditions• Best suited for closed populations• $1,000 to $2,000 per deer• Immunocontraceptive vaccines not registered in NY• Higher stress level on deer

Page 17: Deer Management in Urban, Suburban or Rural Environments: The Need for Intensive Commitment USDA, APHIS, Wildlife Services Justin Gansowski Wildlife Disease

Deer Management: The Need for Intensive Commitment

Volunteer Hunters

• Must evaluate goals when considering this option• Takes substantial amount of time to coordinate• Hunters must be must be screened, monitored, organized,

and motivated• Volunteer does not mean “No Cost”• Limited quality control• Complex to run

Page 18: Deer Management in Urban, Suburban or Rural Environments: The Need for Intensive Commitment USDA, APHIS, Wildlife Services Justin Gansowski Wildlife Disease

Deer Management: The Need for Intensive Commitment

Cull

• Provides quick reduction in population• An option in most situations – especially urban, suburban• Minimal time requirement for landowner• Prep time high• Removal quick and effective• Meat donated to food banks

• This year WS donated over 7,500lbs in NY

Page 19: Deer Management in Urban, Suburban or Rural Environments: The Need for Intensive Commitment USDA, APHIS, Wildlife Services Justin Gansowski Wildlife Disease

Deer Management: The Need for Intensive Commitment

Cull

• Extremely Safe• Humane• WS has trained biologists conducting work

• Specialized training• Thermal imaging• Suppressed firearms• Vehicles

Page 20: Deer Management in Urban, Suburban or Rural Environments: The Need for Intensive Commitment USDA, APHIS, Wildlife Services Justin Gansowski Wildlife Disease

Deer Management: The Need for Intensive Commitment

• Start planning early

• Support actions with sound scientific data

• Involve the public and local politicians

• Learn from others

•Make management decisions that can defended when challenged

First Steps

Page 21: Deer Management in Urban, Suburban or Rural Environments: The Need for Intensive Commitment USDA, APHIS, Wildlife Services Justin Gansowski Wildlife Disease

Deer Management: The Need for Intensive Commitment

Contact Information

Justin Gansowski

USDA-APHIS-Wildlife Services

1930 Route 9

Castleton, NY 12033

(518) 477- 4837

Page 22: Deer Management in Urban, Suburban or Rural Environments: The Need for Intensive Commitment USDA, APHIS, Wildlife Services Justin Gansowski Wildlife Disease

Deer Management: The Need for Intensive Commitment


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