defence mechanism inhuman behavior

8/8/2019 Defence Mechanism inhuman behavior

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INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION

In some areas of psychology, psychologists talk aboutdefense mechanisms, or manners in which we behave or

think in certain ways to better protect or defend ourselves.

Defense mechanisms are a pattern of adjustment throughwhich an individual relieves or decreases anxieties caused by

an uncomfortable situation that threatens self esteem.

Adjustment is the process by which a human being maintains

a balance between its needs and the circumstances that

influence the satisfaction of these needs.


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Defense mechanism is a pattern of adjustmentthrough which an individual relieves or decreasesanxieties caused by an uncomfortable situation

that threatens self- esteem

THE POSITIVE USE OF THESE MECHANISMS IS:

1. To minimize anxiety

2. To protect the ego

3. To maintain repression


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A. PRIMITIVE DEFENSE MECHANISMS

1. DENIAL

Denial is the refusal to accept reality or fact, acting as ifa painful event, thought or feeling did not exist.

2. REGRESSION

Regression is the reversion to an earlier stage of

development in the face of unacceptable thoughts or

impulses.


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3. ACTING OUT

When an inner conflict (most often, frustration)

translates into aggression. It involves acting with little or

no insight or reflection and in order to attract attention

and disrupt other people's cozy lives. Instead of saying,

Im angry with you, a person who acts out may instead

throw a book at the person, or punch a hole through a

wall. When a person acts out, it can act as a pressure

release, and often helps the individual feel calmer and

peaceful once again.


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4. DISSOCIATION

Our mental existence is continuous. We maintain a

seamless flow of memories, consciousness, perception,and representation of both inner and external worlds.

When we face horrors and unbearable truths, we

sometimes "disengage". We lose track of space, time,

and the continuum of our identity

5. PROJECTION

Ones own unacceptable feelings and thoughts areexpressed as if they are due to others. Its purpose is self-

protection. The person who blames another person for his

own mistakes is using the projection mechanism.


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6. REACTION FORMATION

Reaction Formation is the converting of unwanted or

dangerous thoughts, feelings or impulses into theiropposites.

B LESS PRIMITIVE, MORE MATURE DEFENSE

MECHANISMS:

Less primitive defense mechanisms are a step up from

the primitive defense mechanisms

7. REPRESSION:

The person is unable to recall painful or unpleasant and

involuntarily pushed into ones unconsciousness.


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8. DISPLACEMENT

Displacement is the redirecting of thoughts feelings and

impulses directed at one person or object, but taken outupon another person or object.

9. INTELLECTUALIZATION

Intellectualization is the overemphasis on thinking when

confronted with an unacceptable impulse, situation or

behavior without employing any emotions whatsoever to

help mediate and place the thoughts into an emotional,human context. Rather than deal with the painful

associated emotions, a person might employ

intellectualization to distance themselves from the

impulse, event or behavior.


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10. RATIONALIZATION

Rationalization is putting something into a different light

or offering a different explanation for ones perceptionsor behaviors in the face of a changing reality.

C. MATURE DEFENSE MECHANISMS

Mature defense mechanisms are often the most

constructive and helpful to most adults, but may require

practice and effort to put into daily use.


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11. SUBLIMATION

Sublimation is simply the channeling of unacceptable

impulses, thoughts and emotions into more acceptableones.

12. COMPENSATION

Compensation is a process of psychologically

counterbalancing perceived weaknesses by emphasizing

strength in other areas. By emphasizing and focusing on

ones strengths, a person is recognizing they cannot bestrong at all things and in all areas in their lives.


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OTHER COMMONLY USED DEFENSE MECHANISMS

13. SUPPRESSION:Suppression is a device where a conscious effort ismade by the individual to dismiss the impulses, feelingsand thoughts that are unpleasant to the pre conscious

mind. So unacceptable feelings and are consciously keptout of awareness.

14. SYMBOLIZATION:

symbolization is a mechanism whereby one by one ideaor object that is a symbol is used to represents someother idea or object. The word or objects used by personconvey a significant meaning for him or her.


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15. FANTASY

Imagined events or mental images (day dreaming)

To express unconscious conflicts, gratify unconsciouswishes, or prepare for anticipated future events.

Individual who play the lottery often fantasize what they

would do if they won the jackpot.

16. FIXATION:

The cessation of the process of development of the

personality at a stage short of complete and uniformmature independence is known as fixation


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17. SUBSTITUTION:

It is a mechanism which may be employed to reduce

tension resulting from frustration. To get satisfaction andreduce tension, resulting from frustration the substitutive

action must have certain similarities to the frustrated

one.

18. IDENTIFICATION:

It is a useful defense mechanism which plays an

important part in the development of childs personality.The person has unconscious assumption of similarity

between himself and the person whom he admires. An

individual often develops a desirable attribute found in

people whom he respects and admires.


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19. INTROJECTION:

In introjections, the values and characteristics of

significant person are incorporated in ones personality.

20. TRANSFERENCE:

In transference, the image of one person is

unconsciously identified with that of another.

21. INCORPORATION:

Incorporation refers to a defense mechanism in which alost or something prohibited source of identification is

introduced into the ego structure without transformation

of the ego.


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22. CON R ON

is the tr ns erringo a strongemotional con lict into a

physical symptom torelease tensionor an iety.

23. ISO TION

Theprocesso separatingan unacceptable feelings ideaorimpulse fromone s thought.

2 . SP ITTING

ie ingoneselforothers as all goodor bad without

integratingpositi eornegati e qualitiesof thepersonon

to thee aluation.

defence mechanism inhuman behavior

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