“defensive driving training”

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PDO & Contractors: Defensive Driving Courses

““Defensive Driving Training”Defensive Driving Training”

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PDO’s Road Safety Performance over the years: Road Traffic Accidents per Million Km driven

RTA

’s /

Mill

ion

Km Improving

Improving

BUT !BUT !

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1998 1999 2000 Millions km driven 149 116 118 Road Accidents 231 144 158Rollovers 51 32 43

DeadDead 8 0 10

2001: 5 Dead (2 on unauthorized journey)

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Accidents are caused by Accidents are caused by threatsthreats created by created by(In order of importance):(In order of importance):

The driver The other road users The roads and the environment The transport operation The vehicle and its load/passengers

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The transportThe transportsystemsystem

Other RoadOther RoadUsersUsers

The DriverThe Driver

Vehicle &Vehicle &LoadLoad

Roads &Roads &EnvironmentEnvironment

Accidents are caused by Accidents are caused by threatsthreats created by: created by:

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Road Safety Threats: Road Safety Threats: The driverThe driver Driver poor behavior (reckless, speed, maneuvers) Driver lack of competence (skill/knowledge) Driver fatigue Driver mental stress Driver physical fitness Driver poor vision Driver disoriented (brain cramp) Driver alcohol/drugs/medicine

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Road Safety Controls: Road Safety Controls: The driverThe driver DDC: Defensive Driving Course for our driversDDC: Defensive Driving Course for our drivers

H+M Road Safety Road Show IVMS/DMS strategy: improving driver behavior Awareness campaigns

Triads ( “Phone, Drive & Die”), LTI-Packs, Slide-shows, Video’s RSMT coaching: 3 teams Rules for driving (HSE-Stds Manual) Journey Management reviewed

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Road Safety Threats: Road Safety Threats: The other road users Driver poor behavior (reckless, speed, maneuvers)

– Driver lack of competence– Driver fatigue– Driver loss of concentration (stress, alcohol, distracted, etc.)– Driver physical fitness– Driver poor vision

Animals (camels, goats, donkeys) Behavior of pedestrians

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Road Safety Controls: Road Safety Controls: The other road usersThe other road users

GCC Road Safety Week Campaign (17-24/March) PDO+ Shell/BP/Al-Maha stations

“Formulating National Road Safety Plan” workshop: April

Interior awareness campaigns: Wiliyats, LLCs

DDC: Defensive Driving Course for our driversDDC: Defensive Driving Course for our drivers

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Changing driving environment: Oman and PDOChanging driving environment: Oman and PDO More vehicles in Oman:

1980: 100.000 Veh 400 Fatalities1990: 225.000 Veh. 375 Fatalities2000: 500.000 Veh. 600 Fatalities

More blacktop in PDO (and Oman):1990: 60 km Blacktop (Fahud - Yibal)2000: 500 km BlacktopAll centres accessible by blacktop (except: Lekhwair)

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Road Safety 2000/01: 40% of LTI’s, 90% of FatalitiesRoad Safety 2000/01: 40% of LTI’s, 90% of Fatalities2000/01 RTA’s with fatalities:2000/01 RTA’s with fatalities:1) Pedestrian hit by LC B-Top #2) OTW canter hits truck B-Top #3) Veritas diesel-tanker down jebel B-Top #4) Damac rollover B-Top #5) Head-on Canter/LC at 200 km/hr (2 dead) B-Top #6) Rollover MCC (Heart-Attack?) Graded7) Pedestrian hit at Al Khuwair B-Top #8) Head-on LC/Truck (2 dead) B-Top #9) Unauthorized Eid Journey (2 dead) B-Top #10) T-junction: Truck hits pick-up (2 dead) B-Top #11) Head-on Patrol/Truck B-Top #

#: Defensive Driving/Behavior could have made the difference

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RTA analysis: problem areasRTA analysis: problem areasPlayed role Played role in acc no: in acc no:

Young inexperienced driversYoung inexperienced drivers 3x 3x Other road users Other road users 5x5x Defensive drivingDefensive driving 10x 10x Blacktop instead of graded road Blacktop instead of graded road 10x 10x

Better Defensive Driving skills / Behavior Better Defensive Driving skills / Behavior awareness could have mitigated these incidentsawareness could have mitigated these incidents

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OLD PDO Driver Training:OLD PDO Driver Training:

Coast:– Only for young drivers (below 25 yrs): 8 hrs defensive driving– Others: None– No medical checks (vision/reactions)No medical checks (vision/reactions)

Interior:– 8 hrs “Interior Driver Skills” course every 3 years8 hrs “Interior Driver Skills” course every 3 years– No medical testing (vision/reactions)No medical testing (vision/reactions)– Strong emphasis on “graded/off road”Strong emphasis on “graded/off road”

Problems:Problems:– Does not address the changed environmentDoes not address the changed environment– Too infrequentToo infrequent– Concentrates on “skills” rather than “behaviour/attitude”Concentrates on “skills” rather than “behaviour/attitude”– No/very little competence assuranceNo/very little competence assurance

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Driver Competence Assurance Redesign: timingDriver Competence Assurance Redesign: timing Data collection phase, options review Sept/00 Workshop with NSC + Tr Inst’s reps Oct/00 Complete new concept + implications Nov/00 Director endorsement framework Nov & March Courses detailed design Jan-April Stakeholder consultation 11/March Train the trainers (NTI/OTI/TATI) May-June Modify training contracts April-June Implement new program 1/July

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Defensive Driving Course (DDC) development:Defensive Driving Course (DDC) development: Defensive Driving Modules:Defensive Driving Modules:

– Base design as per NSC (National Safety Council, International SC) Base design as per NSC (National Safety Council, International SC) – Heavily emphasise behaviour/attitude change of driver Heavily emphasise behaviour/attitude change of driver – Teach Defensive Driving techniquesTeach Defensive Driving techniques– ““Omanise” with major input from OTI/NTI/TATIOmanise” with major input from OTI/NTI/TATI– Accreditation of training providers by NSC Accreditation of training providers by NSC – 3 days “Train the Trainers” and accreditation by NSC3 days “Train the Trainers” and accreditation by NSC

Why NSC?Why NSC?– Common “standard” by all training providersCommon “standard” by all training providers– External accreditation of Local Companies by recognised bodyExternal accreditation of Local Companies by recognised body– Non-commercial entity: low cost material and updatesNon-commercial entity: low cost material and updates– Internationally recognised as one of the leaders in Defensive DrivingInternationally recognised as one of the leaders in Defensive Driving– Since 1963: 45 million people trainedSince 1963: 45 million people trained

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Principles Behind New Programme:Principles Behind New Programme:

Shift emphasis to defensive driving techniques Incorporate attitude and behavioural aspects Harness strengths of existing courses and combine

with expertise from international organisation Ensure courses meet needs of entire target audience Build in robust and consistent practical assessment

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AIM OF THEAIM OF THEDEFENSIVE DRIVING COURSE:DEFENSIVE DRIVING COURSE:

To minimise death, injury and damage resulting from Road Traffic IncidentsTo minimise death, injury and damage resulting from Road Traffic Incidents

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Basic Starting program:Basic Starting program: 2 Day DDC : one off (no renewal) 1/2 Day Graded/Off-Road: one off (no renewal)

Assessment/Refresher program:Assessment/Refresher program: Yearly Professional Assessment Drive (1 to 1) Only for those that have attended the DDC Failed assessment: go back to DDC

For future review:For future review: Option of “Supervisory Assessment”: Q1/2002 Refresher for DDC (after 3 yrs ??): Q1/2003

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Driver Competence Assurance FrameworkDriver Competence Assurance Framework

DDC Light Vehicle Blacktop Roads

2 days (one off)

DDC Heavy Vehicle Blacktop Roads

2 days (one off)

Bus1/2 day

(one off)

Tanker1/2 day

(one off)

Yearly: Yearly: Professional Assessment Drive Professional Assessment Drive Test on knowledge of PDO-Rules Test on knowledge of PDO-Rules

Graded1/2 day

(one off)

++

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Day 1 (classclass room)Module: Hearts and MindsHearts and Minds Driver ConditionDriver Condition Common Driving ErrorsCommon Driving Errors The Driving EnvironmentThe Driving Environment See and SurviveSee and Survive Vehicle ControlVehicle Control The Driving PlanThe Driving Plan Vehicle Safety SystemsVehicle Safety Systems

Day 2 (classclass/road)Module: Before You DriveBefore You Drive Demonstration DriveDemonstration Drive Seat Belt Convincer Seat Belt Convincer Tutored Driving PracticeTutored Driving Practice Practical AssessmentPractical Assessment Driver Commitment Driver Commitment

(includes written/oral test)(includes written/oral test)

Defensive Driving Course StructureDefensive Driving Course Structure

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Classroom InstructionClassroom Instruction

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Vision testingVision testing

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Vehicle CheckVehicle Check

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Roll-overRoll-oversimulatorsimulator

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Demonstration-driveDemonstration-driveby instructorby instructor

Tutored driveTutored driveAssessment driveAssessment drive

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Defensive Driving Course Practical Assessment:Defensive Driving Course Practical Assessment: In car checksIn car checks Observation / scanning / use of mirrorsObservation / scanning / use of mirrors Hazard awarenessHazard awareness Speed and DistanceSpeed and Distance Information (given/taken)Information (given/taken) JunctionsJunctions Stopped in trafficStopped in traffic PositioningPositioning BrakingBraking GearGear AccelerationAcceleration Leaves way outLeaves way out

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Estimated number of drivers Estimated number of drivers PDO and Contractors:PDO and Contractors:

Light BlacktopLight Blacktop 10,000 10,000 Heavy GoodsHeavy Goods 2,7002,700Light Grd/Off-Road 7,000Light Grd/Off-Road 7,000 BusesBuses 400 400

TankersTankers 400400

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WWW site with all details on DDC:WWW site with all details on DDC:

http://www.pdo.co.om/hseforcontractors/

http://www.pdo.co.om/hseforcontractors/dts/ddc/ddchome.htm

Username: pdohse01

Password: contrator01

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