defined benefit plans – legislative update, trends and opportunities - vince spina - maryann geary
TRANSCRIPT
B P A S P A R T N E R C O N F E R E N C E 2 0 1 6
Defined Benefit Plans – Legislative Update,
Trends and OpportunitiesVincent F. Spina
CPC, ERPA, Executive Vice President, BPAS Plan Administration
B P A S P A R T N E R C O N F E R E N C E 2 0 1 6
Maryann GearyASA, EA, MAAA, President, BPAS Actuarial & Pension Services, and & Recordkeeping Services
Agenda
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• Legislative Update for Defined Benefit Plan Sponsors
• “Borrow, Fund & Immunize” Strategy
• Long-term Trends
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On November 2, 2015, the President signed into law a two-year bipartisan budget deal that contains provisions relevant to sponsors of defined benefit pension plans. These provisions include:
• PBGC Premium Increases
• Segment Rate Stabilization Extension
Legislative UpdateBipartisan Budget Act of 2015 (“BBA”)
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PBGC Premium Increases: The BBA calls for increases to both the flat-rate and variable-rate premium starting in 2017.
Plan Year Flat-Rate Premium Variable-Rate Premium(1)
2015 $57 2.4%
2016 $64 3.0%
2017 $69 3.3% + inflation
2018 $74 3.7% + inflation
2019 $80 + inflation 4.1% + inflation
(1) If using the alternative method, cannot utilize the interest rate stabilization provisions to determine the unfunded vested benefits.
Flat-Rate Premium = Per participant charge. Variable-Rate Premium = Percentage charge for unfunded vested benefits.
Legislative UpdateBipartisan Budget Act of 2015 (“BBA”)
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Segment Rate Stabilization Extension
• Under the Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act (MAP-21), interest rates used to determine the Funding Target Liability must be within a certain range of the 25-year average of interest rates.
• The Highway and Transportation Funding Act of 2014 (HATFA) extended the 10% corridor established by MAP-21 in 2012 through 2017. The BBA further extended the 10% corridor through 2020. The corridor will phase-out to 30% between 2021 and 2024.
Legislative UpdateBipartisan Budget Act of 2015 (“BBA”)
2016 BPAS Partner Conference
Segment Rate Stabilization Extension
It is important to note that the segment rate stabilization only impacts the calculation of the Plan’s minimum required contribution and the Adjusted Funding Target Attainment Percentage (AFTAP).
– Does not impact the calculation of:
• Financial accounting results under ASC 715-30
• PBGC variable rate premium
• Termination cost
• Lump sum calculations
Legislative UpdateBipartisan Budget Act of 2015 (“BBA”)
This chart assumes interest rates remain level from May 31, 2016 into the future.
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4.46%
4.29%4.38% 4.37% 4.37% 4.37% 4.37% 4.37% 4.37% 4.37%
6.37%
6.18%
6.00%
5.49%
5.03%
4.61%
4.37%
5.81%
5.65%5.52%
5.09%
4.67%
4.41%
3.50%
4.00%
4.50%
5.00%
5.50%
6.00%
6.50%
7.00%
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024Plan Year Beginning January 1,
Projected Effective Interest Rate
Without MAP-21/HATFA With MAP-21/HATFA With BBA
Legislative UpdateBipartisan Budget Act of 2015 (“BBA”)
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• PBGC variable rate premium is 3% of Plan’s underfunded in 2016, increasing to 4.1% by 2019
– Sponsor only receives “coverage” for this premium
– PBGC is making the statement: “we don’t want to be your bank”
One Approach to Underfunded Issues:Borrow, Fund & Immunize
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Many sponsors with good credit are considering a strategy of borrow, fund & immunize. • A Sponsor borrows from a bank the amount of PBGC
underfunding and contributes it to the plan.– Borrowing rates may be very similar to that of PBGC variable rate premium, so
interest costs may be offset completely by reduction in PBGC premiums.– Any amount that the contribution earns on the deposit while in the plan’s trust is in
essence “arbitrage.”– If a client is a tax-paying entity, they receive the value of the deduction in the year
deposited: in essence the government “subsidizes the loan.”– Immunization of the portfolio at the time of deposit is a de-risking strategy.
One Approach to Underfunded Issues:Borrow, Fund & Immunize
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UnderRelief
w/oRelief
Effective Interest Rate 6.32% 4.10%
Plan Assets $ 20,558,936 $ 20,558,936
Target Liability $ 18,990,676 $ 25,027,411
Over/(Under) Funding $ 1,568,260 $ (4,468,475)
Funded Percentage 108.3% 82.1%
One Plan’s Impact of Funding Relief
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• Immunization Strategy– Looking at projected annual benefit payments from a plan and constructing a
portfolio of high-quality corporate bonds whose dividends and maturity values “match-up” to the payment stream.
– Immunization is meant to eliminate interest rate risk.– Some portfolio managers use derivatives to provide duration. Buyer beware!– How much lower can 30-year Treasury rates go?
• United State 30-Year Treasury yields are currently around 2.6%.• German (i.e. 0.90%) and Japanese (i.e. 0.35%) rates are significantly lower!
• Our clients who have done this have replaced volatile pension expense with predictable loan payments.
One Approach to Underfunded Issues:Borrow, Fund & Immunize
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From 2015 Trustees Report (Social Security and Medicare): https://www.ssa.gov/oact/trsum/
Social Security and Medicare: The Projected Cost “Blow-up”
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Longer-term fixes will require one or combination of:
• Benefit cuts (increase retirement age, adjust COLA or actual cut in benefit itself)– Whose benefits get cut?
• Tax increase– Who do we tax more?
• Cut the Defense Budget– Whose jobs get cut?
• Run larger deficits– What we’ve been doing!
Social Security and Medicare Funding Issues
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Reduction in number of children…and…
Social Security was “Fixed” in 1983… So Why is this Happening?
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…dramatic improvements in life expectancy…at birth…
Why is this Happening?
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…% of those age 16 to 65 working has declined leading to…
Why is this Happening?
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…reduction in Worker to Retiree ratio…projected to decrease to 2.0 in 2030.
Why is this Happening?
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Pensions have morphed into 401(k) plans…which are just pre-tax savings plans…putting retiree in “charge” of two legs of the stool.
Retirement Income
Pensions
Social Security
Personal Savings
A Wobbly Three-Legged Stool
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$420,000
$760,000
$-
$100,000
$200,000
$300,000
$400,000
$500,000
$600,000
$700,000
$800,000
$900,000
Cost of Annuity Providing $50,000 a Year for Life to 65Year Old Male
1985
2016
Significant Increase in Cost of Guaranteed Income
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• Employees are going to want to work longer.– For a married couple who are both age 65 and in good health, it’s 50-50
that one or both live until age 92!!
• If they want to retire comfortably, they almost certainly are going to have to save more than they have been.– Leading to explosive growth in Cash Balance Plans
• They are going to need a lot of help planning for retirement…whenever that is.
• How do employers navigate their fiduciary responsibilities in this environment?
Implications for Employers
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Vincent F. Spina, ASA, EA
President
BPAS Actuarial & Pension Services
(315) 703-8999
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