defining communication -...

Understanding Human Communication, Tenth Edition, Adler/Rodman Copyright © 2009 by Oxford University Press, Inc.

Defining CommunicationDefining Communication

The “official” definition: The “official” definition: The process of creating meaning The process of creating meaning through symbolic interaction.through symbolic interaction.


Levels of CommunicationLevels of Communication

Intrapersonal communicationIntrapersonal communication Dyadic or interpersonal communicationDyadic or interpersonal communication Small group communicationSmall group communication Public communicationPublic communication Mass communicationMass communication Mediated communicationMediated communication


Functions of CommunicationFunctions of Communication

Physical needsPhysical needs Identity needsIdentity needs Social needsSocial needs Practical needsPractical needs


Communication MisconceptionsCommunication Misconceptions

Communication does Communication does not require complete not require complete understandingunderstanding

Communication isn’t Communication isn’t always a good thingalways a good thing

Communication will not Communication will not solve all problemssolve all problems

Meanings rest in Meanings rest in people, not in wordspeople, not in words

Communication is not Communication is not simplesimple

More communication is More communication is not always betternot always better


Linear Model of CommunicationLinear Model of Communication


Transactional Model: Transactional Model: An ExchangeAn Exchange

Simultaneously send Simultaneously send and and receive receive

Feedback may be verbal, nonverbal, or bothFeedback may be verbal, nonverbal, or both

Communication Communication is fluid, rather than staticis fluid, rather than static

Communication is relational, not individual Communication is relational, not individual


Transactional Model of CommunicationTransactional Model of Communication


Transactional Model

Linear Model


The Changing World of CommunicationThe Changing World of Communication

What’s changingWhat’s changing TechnologyTechnology

DemographicsDemographics



What’s changingWhat’s changing TechnologyTechnology Mediated communicationMediated communication Social mediaSocial media Selecting the best channelSelecting the best channel


Who Uses Social Media?

Social networking: 75% of American teens 75% of adults under age 30 40% of adults older age 30




Twitter: 8% of teens 4x as many young adults





E-mail messages exceed 200 billion 68% adults use Internet for e-mail 14% teens send daily e-mails to

friends





E-mail messages exceed 200 billion 68% adults use Internet for e-mail 14% teens send daily e-mails to

friends

Text messages exceed earth’s population


Choosing the Best MediumChoosing the Best Medium

If you can reproduce the graphic on page 2 3If you can reproduce the graphic on page 2 3without it looking extracted from the text, this without it looking extracted from the text, this

would make a good discussion point.would make a good discussion point.



What’s changingWhat’s changing TechnologyTechnology

DemographicsDemographics Intercultural CommunicationIntercultural Communication CompetencyCompetency


Cultural Values and NormsHigh- and Low-Context

High-context Relies heavily on subtle,

nonverbal cues to maintain social harmony

Low-context Uses language primarily to

express thoughts, feelings, and ideas directly


Cultural Values and Norms:Individualism and

Collectivism


• Minimizes difference between rich and poor, educated and uneducated

• Challenging authority acceptable

Low power

distance

• Freedom to make own decisions makes people uncomfortable

• Dutiful, submissive people hesitant to show initiative, creativity

High power

distance

Cultural Values and Norms:Power Distance


Cultural Values and Norms:Uncertainty Avoidance



What’s changingWhat’s changing TechnologyTechnology Mediated communicationMediated communication Social mediaSocial media Selecting the best channelSelecting the best channel

DemographicsDemographics Intercultural CommunicationIntercultural Communication CompetencyCompetency


What What Makes Makes a Competent a Competent Communicator?Communicator?

Effective communication helps to “achieve one’s Effective communication helps to “achieve one’s goals in a manner that, ideally, maintains or goals in a manner that, ideally, maintains or enhances the relationship in which it occurs”enhances the relationship in which it occurs”

No “ideal” way to communicate:No “ideal” way to communicate: Competence is situational Competence is situational Competence is relationalCompetence is relational Competence can be learnedCompetence can be learned


Competent CommunicatorsCompetent Communicators

Use Use a wide range of behaviors a wide range of behaviors -- -- and and choose appropriate choose appropriate behavior behavior in a given situationin a given situation

Skilled at using demonstrating Skilled at using demonstrating empathy empathy and and perspective-takingperspective-taking

Are Are adept adept at self-monitoringat self-monitoring Show commitment to the relationshipShow commitment to the relationship

EXAMPLES?EXAMPLES?


For Next SessionFor Next Session

Turn in “Looking Out/Looking In”Turn in “Looking Out/Looking In”

Read Ch. 3-5 in textbookRead Ch. 3-5 in textbook Self, perception and communicationSelf, perception and communication LanguageLanguage ListeningListening

Complete Activity #2 (Slang and Jargon) on p. 127 of Complete Activity #2 (Slang and Jargon) on p. 127 of textbook (Summary section of Ch. 4)textbook (Summary section of Ch. 4) Must be typewritten or word-processedMust be typewritten or word-processed Due at the beginning of next classDue at the beginning of next class

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