definitions, r&d activities and industrialization · classification Ⅰ: based on annual report...
TRANSCRIPT
Definitions, R&D Activities and Industrialization of Biotechnology in China
February 12, 2009 Kathmandu
Li ZheChinese Academy of Science and Technology
for Development (CASTED)
About CASTED
Definitions
Classifications
Statistical foundation
S&T Activities
Industrialization
Suggestions
About CASTED
Belongs to Chinese Ministry of Science and TechnologyTo study and provide suggestions on the S&T development and industrialization to governments.Includes 7 research institutes with a wide range of research like technical standards, intellectual property etc. Institute of industrial development
It is thought that biotechnology and its related industries will be one of the major impetuses of economy
China, one of the countries with the richest bio-resources and biodiversity in the world, is facing more and more challenges
China has fully recognized the impact of biotechnology, and attached much attention to the development of biotechnology and its industrialization.
Significant progress in both the science and the commercial development of biotechnology
Many problems that influence or handicap the rational development, we need
☺A clear, applicable and authoritative definition and classification
☺A stable, comprehensive and representative statistical route
It is hard to comprehend and control the biotechnological resources in both research and industry level
Definitions
The definitions of Biotechnology in China are similar to international organization and some developed countries, and combined with more practical conditions in China.
OECD
Convention on Biological Diversity
Biotechnology Industry Organization
Two definitions based on government-oriented research in China
National Developing and Reform Commission (NDRC)
Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST)
Definitions
NDRC: modern biotechnology is based on the progress of molecular biology, including genetic engineering, protein engineering, cellular engineering, enzymatic engineering and zymolytic engineering.
MOST: a serials of technologies about the research, design, reconstruction of biosystem to improve the quality, create the new variety, and provide people with products or services, which include molecular biology, cellular biology, biochemistry, biophysics, information technology etc.
Systematic processDiversity of objectsUncertainty of industrial futureMolecular or genetic level
Classifications
Based on the definitions, 2 classifications were proposed.
Classification Ⅰ, with a view to the practical industrial condition, was proposed and generally used by NDRC’sreports.
Classification Ⅱ, designed by MOST’s investment, is based on the technical developing trends, which divided bioindustry into 3 sub-industries.
Classifications
Classification Ⅰ: based on Annual Report on Bioindustry in China (2007)
Classification Main contents
Biomedicine Medicines and curative methods based on biotechnology
Bio-agriculture Crop breeding, transgenic corps, bio-pesticide, bio-fertilizer
Bio-energy Bio-ethanol based on celluloses, bio-diesel oil, Biobutanol
Bio-production Bio-materials, wood-plastic composites, microbial manufacture
Bio-environment Precaution and reconstruction to pollution
Service to biotechnology Contract research organization for biomedicine, etc.
Classification Ⅱ: based on China Bio-industrial ReportClassifications
Classification Sub-classification Main contents Zymolysis Amino acid, organic acid, enzyme preparation, brewing, vitamin,
antibiotics Chinese traditional medicine
Tablet, extraction and other Chinese traditional medicine products Traditional Bioindustry
Health care products Functional food, nutriment Medical biotechnology Gene medicine, bacterin, biochemical medicine, diagnostic reagentAgricultural biotechnology
Transgenic crops, modern breeding, crossbreed, tissue culture, bio-pesticide, bio-fertilizer, forage additive, bacterin for domestic animals
Modern Bioindustry
Industrial biotechnology
Bio-environment, bio-material and traditional industries reconstructed by modern biotechnology
Genome technology Structural genome technology, functional genome technology, protein technology
Stem cell technology Cellular substitution, Organism substitution and apparatus substitution
Organism and apparatus technology
Sustainable material, cellular engineering, Organism and apparatus transplantation
Biochips Genetic diagnoses, nucleic acid sequence measuring, medicine selection, Bio-information studies, individual cure
Animal clone technology
Apparatus transplantation between variant individuals, remedial clone, species breeding, medicine based on animal material, saving wide lives in sever danger
Gene cure Gene cure for malignancy, gene cure for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, gene cure for infectious diseases
Environmental biotechnology
Precaution and reconstruction to water, atmosphere, and solid waste pollution
Bio-energy Energy from plants and wastes Nano-biotechnology Diagnoses based on nanotechnology, nano-medicine Biosensor Biosensor based on heat sensitivity, field effect, piezoelectricity,
optics and sound wave
Future Bioindustry
Bio-computer Computer based on protein, DNA and bionic technology
Statistical foundation
Before the statistical investigation on biotechnology was
conducted by OECD, a united in investigation on biotechnology
by Science and Technology commission (instead by MOST),
National Bureau of Statistics of China (NBSC) and other
ministries was carried out in 1990’s.
In this national survey, the R&D activities and industrialization
of Biotechnology in more than 40 provinces and independent
planed cites were observed.
Statistical foundation
In 2003, NDRC organized the “Strategies Research on China’s
Bioindustry Development”.
In 2004, MOST also begin the work on “Investigation on
China’s Bioindustry”.
Regional investigation was also carried out at that time. For
example, in 2004, MOST and Shanghai’s Science and
Technology Commission organized the “investigation on
biotechnology and its industrialization”.
Statistical foundation
The purpose of the investigations were to lay the foundation and
provide experiences for future biotechnology statistics as well as
know the whole conditions.
The investigation referred to OCED’s statistic framework and
provided relevant data and information, the result of which is
comparable internationally and can accelerate China’s
engagement to international statistical methods on biotechnology.
S&T Activities
Main sources of public R&D expenditure
National S&T Program
National Nature Science Foundation
Other funds by Chinese Academy of Sciences,
Ministry of Agriculture, etc.
S&T Activities
National S&T ProgramNational High-tech R&D Program (863 Program),
National Key Technologies R&D Program
National Basic Research Program (973 program)
Funds in relation to biotechnology Expenditures
on biotechnology
Percent of
total fund
Year
National High-tech R&D Program 0.81 billion Yuan 21.3% 2006
National Key Technologies R&D Program fund 2.11 billon Yuan 28.7% 2006
National Basic Research Program 0.44 billon Yuan 2006
National Nature Science Foundation 1.1 billon Yuan 35.3% 2007
S&T Activities
0
40
80
120
160
200
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
20
25
30
35
Government Funds (billion Yuan) Percentage of total
Funding for Science and Technology Activities in China
The total government funding is much more than that main R&D program, and more expenditures occurs at industrial level.
Statistical foundation
But, We don’t know
Government expenditures on biotechnology totally…
Expenditures from all aspects on biotechnology …
Values that bioindustry has achieved and will reach…
Because of the lack of comprehensive statistics
Statistical foundation
Still, there are several statistical ways to explore China’s
biotechnology and its industrialization
Manufacture of Biological and Biochemical Products (medicines)
Patents about biotechnology
Area of transgenic crops
S&T Activities
Analysis on Manufacture of Biological and Biochemical medicines
0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
2000 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Government Funds Funds Raised by Enterprises
Loans from Financial Institutions Total expenditure
10000yuan
Sources of funds for S&T activities
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
2000 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
10000yuan
S&T ActivitiesAnalysis on Manufacture of Biological and Biochemical medicines
Expenditure for developing new products
S&T ActivitiesAnalysis on Manufacture of Biological and Biochemical medicines
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
2000 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Expenditure on Purchase of Domestic TechnologyExpenditure on Technology Import
10000yuan
Expenditure on purchase of domestic technology and technology import
Industrialization
Bioindustry Development Plan for 11th Five-year (2006-2010) A series of products which should be brought about with sales income above 1 billion respectively The added value of bioindustry should be more than 500 billion, accounting for 2% of GDPOn the above condition, the added value of bioindustry should be more than 2000 billion, accounting for 4% of GDP in 2020.
Guiding Options of Jointly Promotion on Financing to China's Biological Industry
To provide financing and assurance system, and set up special funds
Nation S&T Program To provide innovation fund for small technology-based firms, 14% of which (0.12 billon) was invested on biology and medicine area to promote industrialization in 2006.
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
2000 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Patent Applications Received Owning Inventive Patent
S&T ActivitiesAnalysis on Manufacture of Biological and Biochemical medicines
Numbers of patent applications received and owning inventive patent
IndustrializationAnalysis on Manufacture of Biological and Biochemical medicines
0
100000
200000
300000
400000
500000
600000
2000 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Industrial Output Value of New Products Sales Income from New Products
10000yuan
Industrial output value of new products and sales income from new products
Industrialization
0
20
40
60
80
100
2000 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
100 million yuan
Analysis on Manufacture of Biological and Biochemical medicines
Value of export of Biological and Biochemical Products
Daxing biotechnology and medicine industrial base in Beijing
Zhangjiang biotechnology and medicine industrial base in Shanghai
Test kit for bird flu
Transgenic Bt cotton, 380 million hectare in 200769% of total cotton area
Industrialization
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Domestic Applications overseas Applications
Inventive patent applications received about biotechnology in China
Industrialization
786722
208 204151 139 127 113 85
37
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
Japan USA Korea Germany Swiss UK Danmark Netherlands France Belgium
Owning inventive patents of main countries in China from 1977-2006
Industrialization
The characters of China’s bioindustrial bases in 2007
Production value Profit Base Value
(billion Yuan) Increasing
rate Value
(billion Yuan) Increasing
rate
Number of
factoriesBeijing 19.2 22% 2.8 43% 200 Shijiazhuang 28 18% 1.6 70% 270 Changchun 21.6 30% 1.6 33% 175 Shanghai 29.3 9% 2.7 51% 370 Guangzhou 22.5 23% 4.7 20% 350 Wuhan 22 18% 3.3 30% 328 Changsha 24.2 30% 2.6 30% 310 Chengdu 35.1 9% 3.7 28% 500 Chongqing 22.6 23% 1.9 23% 513 Kunming 4.3 25% 0.4 19% 155 Qingdao 7.3 26% 1.2 28% 182 Shenzhen 26.6 23% 2.3 28% 752 Total 262.7 21% 28.8 33.6% 4105
Source: Annual Report on Bioindustry in China (2007). Data shown is from January to Octobers
Suggestions
To take advantage of statistic base on R&D expenditure
and patent Statistics on biotechnology entirely is difficult to be realized. Some data can be abstracted from the existing statistical foundation. R&D data in China’s S&T Annual Report. Annual Report on Biotechnology in China by NDRCIn biology and biochemical medicine area, the data is comprehensive and authoritative. China’s High-Tech Annual Report. According to International Patent Classification (IPC), patent of biotechnology is available in China’s patent database.
To establish special item in S&T statistic investigationNew statistical table should be added in the national
investigation by Bureau of Statistics Although bureau of Statistics is with responsibility for total statistics, for more comprehensive and precise understanding by data analysis, more collaboration and harmonization between departments should be addressed.
Thanks