• Definitions

• What it’s about

• Teaching it

• Assessing it

A situation or event that has the potential to impact negatively on thesafety of a flight, or any influence that promotes opportunity for pilot error

EXTERNAL: Weather, traffic

INTERNAL: Fatigue, complacency

Errors are defined as crew actions or inactions that:

• lead to a deviation from crew or organisational intentions or expectations;

• reduce safety margins; and

• increase the probability of adverse operational events.

Typical errors in GA may include:

• incorrect performance calculations;

• inaccurate flight planning

• non-standard communications

• aircraft miss-handling

• incorrect systems operation or management

• checklist errors

Human beings will make errors

Pilot induced aircraft position or speed deviations,misapplication of flight controls or incorrect systemsconfiguration associated with a reduced margin of safety

Loss of directional control during a stall (error) resulting in an unusual aircraft attitude (state);

Inappropriate instrument scan (error) resulting inflight below best single engine rate of climb (blue line) speed (state).

• Passenger brief

• Pre take-off brief

• Checklists

• SADIE

• Systematic scan

So what’s new?

What is TEM about?

Raising Awareness

Human Factors in Flight: Frank H Hawkins, Second edition, P115

To demonstrate the blind spot, hold the drawing at arms length, close theleft eye and move the picture toward you keeping the right eye focusedon the cross.

Verbalise your decision making process

Verbalise