deforestation dimitar d, simona, veselin
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Veselin KaradjovDimitar DrumevSimona Zahova
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What is it?Cutting down treesElimanating huge land masses of woods and forestsThinning/dearing of forestsMay vary from a small area to areas bigger than a country
http://www.all-creatures.org/hope/gw/amazon_deforestation.jpg
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Ecological Impacts part 1Selective logging – increases the flammability of
the forestDeforested land – turns into steep mountain
hillsides – no roots, high rainfalls and slopes leads to landslides – kill people/land
Forests are “Earth’s lungs” – they produce O2, which is vital for most of the ogranisms
No CO2 absorbed – as trees grow they sequester carbon in the form of wood and other biomass, taking it from the atmosphere as CO2
CO2 released as woods decomposes or is burned
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Ecological Impacts Part 2Loss of living spaceAnimals die – tropical forests – the greatest
concentration of animal and plant species – 2/3 of the species on the planet – as deforestation proceeds it may cause the extinction of species
Trees and plants dieRain forests help generate rainfall – no
rainfall any moreCause drought
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Causes Part 1Earth’s total croplands – 15 mil. Sq. km., 11
of which from deforested land
Tropical forests cut down:Croplands – 2 millions square kilometersGrazing – from 5 to 9 mil. Sq. Km.Commercial loggingPlantations of rubber trees, oil palms, or
other economically valuable treesProduction of paper
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Causes Part 2Temperate forests cut down:Croplands – 9 millions square kilometersGrazing – at least 2 mil. Sq. Km. only in
Europe and North AmericaSlash-and-burn agriculture – small areas are
cut down and then crops are grow, thanks to the fertilized soil by the ashes
Timber productionWood used as fuelProduction of paper
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Solution Sustainable forestry – way of management a
forest that makes it inexhaustible of the resources humans need
Uneven age management – the cutting of the trees in a forest at different periods of timeSelective cutting – very little of the trees are cut
and at different periods of time so the life in the forest does not really change
Shelterbelt – many trees are cut and are left only those who could make a shelter from wind to provide a friendlier environment for new species
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SolutionEven-age management – the cutting of the trees in
a forest at the same time Clear-cutting – cutting absolutely all trees allowing
new species to realize their fundamental niches (due to the newly present lack of shadow)
Shelter-wood cutting – lowering the competition between the plants and offering a semi-shadowed environment which again allows new species to grow
Seed-tree cutting – cutting almost all trees and leaving just a few for reproduction; after they have reproduced, they are cut too
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SolutionTree Plantations – getting the timber humans
need from artificially planted forests Advantages – decrease n cutting natural
forests + serving the environmentDisadvantages – a lot of them need to be
planted in order to make a difference and that will lead to the extinction of a lot of species
• Forest plantations in Brazil supplied 102.9 million m3 of timber in 2001
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Amazon DeforestationBiggest rainforest on EarthCauses : 1/3- subsistence agriculture and 2/3-
other economic activities: Clearing for cattle pasture Infrastructure construction Commercial agriculture Logging Floods caused by hydroelectric projects
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Amazon Deforestation1. Clearing for Cattle PastureSince 1970s38% of the total deforestation in the AmazonIncrease in meat exports Demand for more
land2. Subsistence agriculturePoor farmers are encouraged to settle there
by gov’t policiesUse fire to clear the forest
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Amazon Deforestation3. InfrastructureRoads provide access to new logging and
mining sitesTrans-Amazonian Highway- rapid increase in
deforestation4. Commercial Agriculture – soybean export5. LoggingOnly in designated areas, but there is illegal
logging.
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http://www.jabulela.com/files/media/Deforestation-Amazon.jpg
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http://www.rechargenews.com/multimedia/archive/00027/amaz2_27672a.JPG
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Works citedButtler, Rhet. "Deforestation in the Amazon". Mongabay.com. 16 June 2010 <http://www.mongabay.com/brazil.html>.Butler, Rhet. "Reduced Impact Logging." Mongabay.com. Rhet Buttler, 2010. Web. 15 June 2010. http://rainforests.mongabay.com/1011.htm"deforestation." Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopaedia Britannica Ultimate Reference Suite. Chicago: Encyclopædia Britannica, 2010."Environmental Studies." Spark Notes. SparkNotes, 2009. Web. 15 June 2010.http://sparkcharts.sparknotes.com/gensci/envsci/section3.php May, Peter. "FOREST CERTIFICATION IN BRAZIL: ." WTO. WTO, 2003. Web. 15 June 2010. <http://www.wto.org/english/forums_e/ngo_e/ccc_cert_forest_brazil_e.doc>.