deformation of the earths crust types of deformation 1.folds 2.faults
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DEFORMATION OF THE EARTHS CRUST
Types of Deformation1.folds2.faults
Deformation1. Elastic nonpermanent, rock returns to original shape2. Ductile permanent, rock flows or bends3. Brittle permanent, rock breaks
Stress vs. StrainRheologyDeformationForce
DuctileBrittle
How Rocks Become Deformed1.compression forces2.tensional forces3.shearing forces
Stress vs. StrainRheologyDeformationForce
Stress vs. StrainRheologyDeformationForce
Folded Rocks1.due to compressional forces2.types of foldsi.monoclineii.anticlinesiii.synclines
Monocline, WYGeorge Davis
Folded Rocks3. anatomy of a foldi.limbsii.axial planeiii.plunge
Folded Rocks2.types of foldsiv.overturnedv.asymmetrical
AnticlineBill EvartsAxial planeFig. 10.11
Asymmetric FoldsBreck Kent
Phil DombrowskiFig. 10.1Overturned Folds
Folded Rocks2.types of foldsvi.domesvii.basins
Folded Rocks2. effects of foldsi.mountain building (orogenies)
Fractured Rocks1.How a rock breaksi.joints
Fractured Rocks1.How a rock breaksi.jointsii.faults
Anatomy of a faulti.head wall (or hanging wall)ii.foot walliii.fault plane
Anatomy of a faultiv.strike & dip
Types of FaultsStrike-slip faults have movement that is predominantly horizontal and parallel to the strike of the fault planeA viewer looking across to the other side of a right-lateral strike-slip fault would observe it to be offset to their rightA viewer looking across to the other side of a left-lateral strike-slip fault would observe it to be offset to their leftOblique-slip faults have movement that with components parallel to both the strike and dip of the fault planeRight-lateral San Andreas Fault
Effects of faultingi.horsts and grabbens GrabenHorstHorst
Wildrose Graben, Southern California
NASA/TSADO/Tom Stack