degree project presentation

7/28/2019 Degree Project Presentation

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IEEE 14-Bus Transmission System Analysis

Group Members

Jonathan Evangelista

Tyler Ross

Romair Wong

Francis Idehen

ENGI 4969Degree Project

Project Supervisor

Dr. Xiaoping Liu


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Presentation Subject Matter

Introduction

Topics of Analysis

1. Loadflow and State Estimation

2. Transient Stability Analysis

3. Fault Analysis

4. Economic Dispatch

Conclusion

Question Period


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IEEE 14 Bus Test System


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Load Flow and State Estimation

Load Flow: Results

Load Flow: Verification

Load Flow: Design Issues & Resolutions State Estimation: Justification

State Estimation: Results

State Estimation: Future Work


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Load Flow


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Load Flow Results & Verification

Our Load Flow Results

|Voltage| Voltage Angle Total MW Total MVAR

Bus 1 1.06 0 232.383 -16.9783

Bus 2 1.0192 -10.3343 -47.8 3.9

Bus 3 1.0205 -8.7835 -7.6 -1.6

Bus 4 1.07 -14.2012 -11.2 -31.6245

Bus 5 1.0691 -13.3736 0 0

Bus 6 1.09 -13.3736 0 12.9585

Bus 7 1.0584 -14.9473 -29.5 -16.6

Bus 8 1.053 -15.1015 -9 -5.8

Bus 9 1.058 -14.7844 -3.5 -1.8

Bus 10 1.0554 -15.056 -6.1 -1.6

Bus 11 1.0507 -15.1409 -13.5 -5.8

Bus 121.0371 -16.0293 -14.9 -5

Bus 13 1.045 -4.9808 18.3 29.4137

Bus 14 1.01 -12.7161 -94.2 5.1746

Total System Losses 13.383 -35.356

Verification Results: Capacitor Bank Susceptance =0.095


Bus 1 1.06 0 232.4232 -16.5455

Bus 2 1.0177 -10.313 -47.6246 4.0096

Bus 3 1.0195 -8.7774 -7.8563 -1.6539

Bus 4 1.07 -14.221 -11.291 -30.2953

Bus 5 1.0615 -13.36 -0.0061 -12.4472

Bus 6 1.09 -13.3596 0.0046 17.6355

Bus 7 1.0559 -14.939 -29.5205 -12.6304

Bus 8 1.051 -15.0973 -8.9783 -5.7809

Bus 9 1.0569 -14.791 -3.5074 -1.8015

Bus 10 1.0552 -15.0576 -5.9094 -1.7403

Bus 11 1.0504 -15.1563 -13.5668 -5.6964

Bus 121.0355 -16.034 -14.9027 -5.0034

Bus 13 1.045 -4.9826 18.3336 30.8398

Bus 14 1.01 -12.7251 -94.2055 6.0603



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Load Flow Results & Verification

Difference Between Results

|Voltage| Percentage Voltage Angle Percentage

Bus 1 0 0.00% 0 0.00%

Bus 2 0.0015 -0.15% -0.0213 -0.21%

Bus 3 0.001 -0.10% -0.0061 -0.07%

Bus 4 0 0.00% 0.0198 0.14%

Bus 5 0.0076 -0.72% -0.0136 -0.10%

Bus 6 0 0.00% -0.014 -0.10%

Bus 7 0.00247 -0.23% -0.0083 -0.06%

Bus 8 0.002 -0.19% -0.0042 -0.03%

Bus 9 0.00109 -0.10% 0.0066 0.04%

Bus 10 0.0002 -0.02% 0.0016 0.01%

Bus 11 0.0003 -0.03% 0.0154 0.10%

Bus 12 0.00157 -0.15% 0.0047 0.03%

Bus 13 0 0.00% 0.0018 0.04%

Bus 14 0 0.00% 0.009 0.07%


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Load Flow Design Issues & Resolutions

Our Load Flow Results: Capacitor Bank Susceptance=0.19


Bus 1 1.06 0 232.3815 -17.5155

Bus 2 1.0209 -10.367 -47.8 3.9

Bus 3 1.0216 -8.7916 -7.6 -1.6

Bus 4 1.07 -14.1069 -11.2 -36.202

Bus 5 1.0749 -13.4342 9.49E-14 -2.19E-13

Bus 6 1.09 -13.4342 -4.16E-14 9.3694

Bus 7 1.0699 -15.008 -29.5 -16.6

Bus 8 1.0625 -15.1374 -9 -5.8

Bus 9 1.0628 -14.7629 -3.5 -1.8

Bus 10 1.0562 -14.9641 -6.1 -1.6

Bus 11 1.0524 -15.0704 -13.5 -5.8

Bus 12 1.0444 -16.0215 -14.9 -5

Bus 13 1.045 -4.9801 18.3 27.6958

Bus 14 1.01 -12.71 -94.2 4.1137


Verification Results: Capacitor Bank Susceptance = 0.19


Bus 1 1.06 0 232.4232 -16.5455

Bus 2 1.0177 -10.313 -47.6246 4.0096

Bus 3 1.0195 -8.7774 -7.8563 -1.6539

Bus 4 1.07 -14.221 -11.291 -30.2953

Bus 5 1.0615 -13.36 -0.0061 -12.4472

Bus 6 1.09 -13.3596 0.0046 17.6355

Bus 7 1.0559 -14.939 -29.5205 -23.2228

Bus 8 1.051 -15.0973 -8.9783 -5.7809

Bus 9 1.0569 -14.791 -3.5074 -1.8015

Bus 10 1.0552 -15.0576 -5.9094 -1.7403

Bus 11 1.0504 -15.1563 -13.5668 -5.6964

Bus 12 1.0355 -16.034 -14.9027 -5.0034

Bus 13 1.045 -4.9826 18.3336 30.8398

Bus 14 1.01 -12.7251 -94.2055 6.0603



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Load Flow Design Issues & Resolutions

Our Load Flow Results: Inductor Bank = 0.25


Bus 1 1.06 0 232.383 -16.9783

Bus 2 1.0192 -10.3343 -47.8 3.9

Bus 3 1.0205 -8.7835 -7.6 -1.6

Bus 4 1.07 -14.2012 -11.2 -3.002

Bus 5 1.0691 -13.3736 -5.30E-14 5.98E-13

Bus 6 1.09 -13.3736 -2.19E-14 12.9585

Bus 7 1.0584 -14.9473 -29.5 -16.6

Bus 8 1.053 -15.1015 -9 -5.8

Bus 9 1.058 -14.7844 -3.5 -1.8

Bus 10 1.0554 -15.056 -6.1 -1.6

Bus 11 1.0507 -15.1409 -13.5 -5.8

Bus 12 1.0371 -16.0293 -14.9 -5

Bus 13 1.045 -4.9808 18.3 29.4137

Bus 14 1.01 -12.7161 -94.2 5.1746



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State Estimation


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State Estimation Justification

State Estimation Results with only Ammeters


Bus 1 1.06 0 232.4307 -17.0215

Bus 2 1.0191 -10.3413 -47.2628 3.5936

Bus 3 1.0205 -8.7859 -5.2704 -1.0163

Bus 4 1.07 -14.4591 -14.0875 -30.8252

Bus 5 1.0692 -13.4532 -0.5992 0.419

Bus 6 1.09 -13.4532 2.06E-13 12.8902

Bus 7 1.0583 -15.0312 -29.3543 -17.4161

Bus 8 1.0532 -15.1995 -8.4753 -5.5637

Bus 9 1.0578 -14.9584 -3.5714 -2.0719

Bus 10 1.0553 -15.3063 -6.0599 -1.5662

Bus 11 1.0506 -15.3832 -13.8465 -5.9414

Bus 12 1.0372 -16.1718 -14.7264 -4.902

Bus 13 1.045 -4.9819 18.3457 29.4057

Bus 14 1.01 -12.7178 -94.144 5.191


Our Load Flow Results


Bus 1 1.06 0 232.383 -16.9783

Bus 2 1.0192 -10.3343 -47.8 3.9

Bus 3 1.0205 -8.7835 -7.6 -1.6

Bus 4 1.07 -14.2012 -11.2 -31.6245

Bus 5 1.0691 -13.3736 0 0

Bus 6 1.09 -13.3736 0 12.9585

Bus 7 1.0584 -14.9473 -29.5 -16.6

Bus 8 1.053 -15.1015 -9 -5.8

Bus 9 1.058 -14.7844 -3.5 -1.8

Bus 10 1.0554 -15.056 -6.1 -1.6

Bus 11 1.0507 -15.1409 -13.5 -5.8

Bus 12 1.0371 -16.0293 -14.9 -5

Bus 13 1.045 -4.9808 18.3 29.4137

Bus 14 1.01 -12.7161 -94.2 5.1746



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State Estimation Results

State Estimation Results


Bus 1 1.06 0 231.5597 -16.9621

Bus 2 1.0188 -10.1864 -45.7472 1.0942

Bus 3 1.0205 -8.6489 -5.4136 -1.4732

Bus 4 1.07 -14.0739 -12.4318 -30.8687

Bus 5 1.0697 -13.2223 -0.1336 2.0601

Bus 6 1.09 -13.2223 -2.08E-15 12.5355

Bus 7 1.0579 -14.7869 -29.921 -18.9127

Bus 8 1.0535 -14.932 -9.2096 -4.11

Bus 9 1.0576 -14.5067 -1.5761 -3.2759

Bus 10 1.0554 -14.9276 -6.0775 -1.5762Bus 11 1.0507 -15.0114 -13.6507 -5.9201

Bus 12 1.0374 -15.8773 -14.6957 -4.7037

Bus 13 1.045 -4.9902 14.2583 30.5225

Bus 14 1.01 -12.6292 -93.8491 5.2924


Measurement Tag Error(%)

21 23.4392

51 10.7101

18 10.5085

80 19.4064

40 14.7082

42 4.2677


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State Estimation ResultsIdentifying Good Data over Ten Iterations

Branch Information Error Percentage on Fixed Specified Measurement

Branch Tag # Branch Power Load Flow Powers 20%:P1-13 20%:P2-3 20%:Q13-2

1 P1-3 75.5528 60% 60% 80% 100% 100% 90%

2 Q1-3 3.4136 90% 90% 100% 100% 100% 100%

3 P1-13 156.8302 0% 0% 70% 100% 80% 100%

4 Q1-13 -20.392 90% 80% 90% 100% 100% 100%

5 P2-3 -61.3705 70% 90% 0% 0% 100% 90%

6 Q2-3 17.2562 80% 100% 40% 80% 100% 100%

7 P2-5 28.246 90% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%

8 Q2-5 -24.1087 90% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%

9 P2-7 16.0969 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%

10 Q2-7 -6.7685 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%

11 P2-13 -54.4895 80% 90% 100% 100% 100% 100%

12 Q2-13 3.8999 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%

13 P2-14 23.7171 100% 100% 90% 90% 90% 90%

14 Q2-14 -3.9695 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%

15 P3-1 -72.7896 60% 70% 100% 100% 100% 90%

16 Q3-1 2.6675 100% 90% 100% 100% 100% 100%

17 P3-2 61.8928 70% 90% 20% 40% 100% 90%

18 Q3-2 -15.6085 80% 100% 30% 50% 100% 80%


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State Estimation Future Work

Creating a Database

Adjust for redundancy lower than one

Incorporate Phasor Measurement Units intothe algorithm


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Transient Stability Analysis

What is Transient Stability?

Multimachine System

Classical Stability Model 5 Assumptions associated with a Classical

Stability Study

Test Bench (9-Bus System) IEEE 14-Bus Test System


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What is Transient Stability?

Transient disturbances

Mechanical analogy

This image is from Transient Stability of Large Scale Power Systems

by Vijay Vittal of Iowa State University.


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Multimachine System

Equal area Criterion vs. Swing Equation

Single Machine System

Multi Machine System(9-Bus Test Bench Model)


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Classical Stability Model

Classical Representation of a

Multimachine System

Assumptions associated with this model:

1. Constant mechanical power input

during swing

2. Negligible damping power

3. Constant transient reactance in series

with constant transient internal

voltage

4. Internal generator voltage angle

coincides with mechanical rotorangle

5. Constant load admittances


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Calculations

2 + cos +

=1

The Swing Equation:

Internal Generator Voltages:

+

+

Constant Load Admittances:


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9 Bus System - Test Bench

The 9 Bus transmission system which was used as a test bench was taken from Power

System Control and Stability 2ndEdition by Anderson and Fouad:


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Fault Analysis


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FAULT ANALYSIS

Background

Objective

Methodology

Sample Calculations

GUI Flow Chart

Graphical User Interface

Extension of the project

Future Expansion

Problems Encounter


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Fault Analysis (cont.)

Background

Causes of Faults

1. Insulation failure

2. Flashover

3. Physical Damage

4. Human error


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Fault Analysis (cont.)

Types of fault

1. Symmetrical (Balanced)

2. Unsymmetrical (Unbalanced)


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Module Objective

Build a dynamic software package to assist users

to perform fault analysis


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Extension to the Project

Modification of an existing Z bus Case 1: Adding Zb from a new bus P to reference node

Case 2: Adding Zb from a new bus P to an existing bus k

Case 3: Adding Zb from Existing bus k to the reference node

Case 4: adding Zb between two existing buses (j) and (k)

Kron Reductions

M h d l Fl Ch


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Methodology Flow Chart


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Method of Calculation and Procedure

To illustrate, impedance matrix was used

Consider a bus Power system shown below


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Method of Calculation(cont.)


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Y11Y21y31y41

y12y22y32y42

y13y23y33y43

y14y24y34y44

V1VFV3V4 = 0I F0

0

If

V1VFV3V4

Z11Z1y31Z41

Z1ZZ3Z4

Z13Z3Z33Z43

Z14Z4Z34Z44

0If

00

V Y1

buI ZbuI

1 1If 1 3 3If

3

4 4I

f

4

V1V2V3

V4

= VfVfVf

Vf

+ V1V2V3V4 = Vf

Vf

Vf

Vf

+ 12

22 VfVf3222 Vf

42

22

Vf

=

1 12

22 VfVf1 3222 Vf1

42

22

Vf

Impedance MatrixAdmittance Matrix

Current

Post Fault VoltagesDuring Fault Voltage


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GUI Flow Chart


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MATLAB GUI Menu


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MATLAB GUI Menu

Figure 1: shows the Impedance matrix

Figure 3: shows the post

fault voltages

Figure 2: shows the current matrix after the fault


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Some Problems Encounter

Making the program dynamic

Expansion of the 4 cases


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Summary

Future Expansion

And also implementation of a unsymmetrical fault, which could be the

continuation of this project to enhance the fault states of the network. This

causes a single line, line to line and double line fault to occur. A pop menu is

also created within the Graphical User Interface for this application Addition of different zones around the network grid to aid in simulation of the

location of the faulted in order to gather information in the selection of

switchgears and relays.


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Optimal Economic

Dispatch


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Points to be covered

What is Optimal Economic dispatch?

Design Phases

Calculations Findings

Summary


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The Goal of Optimal

Economic dispatch


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Design Phases

Phase 1: Devise Algorithm suitable for

calculation of the Loss or B-Coefficients

of the system.

Phase 2: Obtain Optimal Economic

Dispatch.


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Transmission Loss


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Obtaining an

Expression for Transmission loss

for the System

Overall

transmission lossexpression for the

system


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Flowchart for

Obtaining LossCoefficients


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Optimal Economic Dispatch


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Classic Economic Dispatch

The goal of economic dispatch is to determine

the generation dispatch that minimizes the

instantaneous operating cost.

Such ThatMinimize


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CalculationsIncremental Transmission LossIncremental Production Cost

Overall Expression

Taking into Account all Generators

Condition for

Optimum Dispatch


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Economic

Dispatch

Flowchart


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Graphical User Interface


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B-Coefficients and Power Loss


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Optimal Economic Dispatch

T t b h d i i /


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Test bench used in comparisons/

verification


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Discuss Results/Problems

These results Verified with Test-bench. Graphs show after each iteration, the system starts from a max

value then gradually begins to decrease closer to an optimaloperating point.

The values and cost functions used in 14-bus economic dispatch

were from another 14-bus system (Port Land State University). 15.21MW total system loss - compared to the 13.386MW on

original 14-bus data sheet.

14 bus incremental losses, cost and overall economic dispatch leftquestionable.

At 15

th

iteration during the calculations of incremental loss, cost andoverall economic dispatch, error message stating matrix singularor badly scaled occurred.


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Future Improvements

dynamic retrieval of voltage and powers from

the Load Flow module of the program.

Include generator limits

Include transmission limits were omitted from

the analysis system. Simply, we considered the

system without these restrictions.

contingency in place should stability and fault

issues severely impede its ability to function.


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Conclusion


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Demonstration


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IEEE 14 Bus Test System

Pre-Post

Bus No. V Voltage Angle Real Power Reactive Power1 0 0 -0.1299 -0.05772 0.0009 0.032 0 03 0.0002 -0.0203 0 04 0 -0.3685 0 2.05025 0.0022 0.2409 8.9359E-14 3.68549E-136 0 0.2409 1.2837E-14 -1.3547 0.0041 0.354 0 08 0.0035 0.2269 0 09 0.002 -0.068 0 0

10 -0.0017 -0.5135 0 011 -0.0045 -0.619 0 012 0.015 1.0763 0 013 0 0.0095 0 -0.722814 0 0.032 0 -0.5035

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