deiva oswin stanley, 2011, fishery resources of wunbaik reserved mangrove forest, myanmar

7/29/2019 Deiva Oswin Stanley, 2011, Fishery Resources of Wunbaik Reserved Mangrove Forest, Myanmar

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aik Reserved Mangrove Forest

FAO-UN, Myanmar Publicaon 2011/04

Fishery Resources of The Wunbaik

Reserved Mangrove Forest

Khin Maung SoeConsultant to FAO, Head of the Research & Development Division, Department of Fisheries

&

Deiva Oswin StanleyTCDC Consultant to FAO, Mangrove Management Specialist

Forest Department, Ministry of Forestry

Union of Myanmar

Food and Agriculture Organizaon of the United Naons

Yangon, Myanmar


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mmunitybasedMangroveManagementinWunbaikForestReserve,TCP/MYA/3204(2009-2011)

The designaons employed and the presentaon of the material in this publicaon do not imply

the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organizaon of

the United Naons concerning the delimitaon of its froners or boundaries.

The opinions expressed in this publicaon are those of the authors alone and do not imply any

opinion whatsoever on the part of FAO.

First Edion: 2011

FAO-UN Myanmar

Photos: U Khin Maung Soe

Cover Design & Photos : Dr. Deiva Oswin Stanley

For Copies of the Book, write to:

FAO Representaon Oce

Seed Division Compound, Insein Road, Yangon, Myanmar

Email: [email protected]

Phone: 95-1-641772, 641673

Fax: 95-1- 641561


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In commemoration of theInternational Year of Forests 2011


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FisheryResourcesofTheWunbaik

ReservedMangroveForest

CONTENTS

Foreword

Acknowledgements

1. Introducon

2. Geographical Locaon of the Random Sites Sampled in the Wunbaik


3. Morphology of n shes

3.2 Structure of n sh tails3.3 Mouth posion and protrusibility in n shes

4. Catalog of the Fishery Resources of the Wunbaik Reserved Mangrove

Forest

5. Fishery Resources of the Wunbaik Reserved Mangrove Forest

6. Recommendaons for the Fishery Management in the Wunbaik


7. Gear and Cras used in the Wunbaik Reserved Mangrove Forest

8. Index of the Fishery Resources of Wunbaik Reserved Mangrove Forest

9. References

10. Descripon of sheries in Myanmar language

i

Page

1

3

4

7

10

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85

86

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ForewordThe Bilingual Handbook on the Fishery Resources of the Wunbaik Reserved Mangrove Forest

is an outcome of the project Sustainable Community-based Mangrove Management in Wunbaik

Forest Reserve TCP/MYA/3204. This is a Food and Agriculture Organizaon of the United Naon,

Myanmars preliminary aempt in cooperaon with the Forest Department towards cataloguing

the shery resources in the Wunbaik Reserved Mangrove Forest, Rakhine State, Myanmar. The

annotated and illustrated inventory is a valuable outcome for the project and base for conservaon,

management and raonal ulizaon of the aquac resources of the reserved forest.

Fishery resources are the important link of the food chain and it is essenal to conserve every

linkage in the food chains and webs for a sustainable energy ow. This handbook is a source of basic

informaon about sh species, relevant to aspects of idencaon, scienc and standardized

vernacular names, biology; habitat status of each idened species in the reserved forest, local

economic values and ulizaon paerns. Our appreciaons are due to Mr. Khin Maung Soe and

Dr. Deiva Oswin Stanley, Integrated Mangrove Management Specialist from India the authors for

their scrupulous work and Mr. Jeremy Broadhead the backstopping Ocer of the project for his

ecient guidance.

The handbook reports about the 72 species of shes and shell idened from the reserved forest

area and is the rst ever documentaon of shery resources from the Reserved Forest. As Wunbaik

is the base for Rakhine shery and of the ocean indirectly, steps should be iniated to protect the

water holding capacity of the Wunbaik Reserved Boundary to support as the nursery ground. The

study on the Wunbaik shery has conrmed that the mud crabs, brooders of shell and n shes

are in major threat and the size of the shes have reduced considerably, which is an ALERT for

acon. The present version of this document produced should be viewed as a working document

capable of improvement and expansion with addional informaon.

Dr. Shin Imai, Former FAO Representave

Food and Agriculture organizaon of the United Naons,

Yangon, Myanmar

U Aye Myint Maung, Director General

Forest Department,

Nay Pyi Taw

ii


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Acknowledgements

The authors wish to thank the Commander of Western Command Brigadier General Soe Thein for

the permission to study the facts of the mangroves in Wunbaik Resrved Forest, Rakhine State.

We wish to express our sincere thanks to U Thein Aung, Minister, Ministry of Forestry, U. Maung

Maung Thein, Minister, Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries, U Thaung Aye, Chairman of the Rakhine

State Peace and Development Council, Dr. Shin Imai, Former Representave, FAO in Myanmar, Mr.

Giuseppe Romalli, a.i., FAOR, for the encouragement and eorts to implement wide spectrum

approaches through this TCP project. Our special thanks are due to Mr. Jeremy S. Broadhead,

the Backstopping ocer of the project for his ecient guidance throughout the project duraon.

Thanks are due to Mr. Leon Gouws and Dr. Bir Mandal for the constant encouragement.

Our gratude are due to U Aye Myint Maung, Director General, Forest Department, U Sann

Lwin, Director General, Planning and Stascs Department, Ministry of Forestry, Dr. Myint Than,

Director General, Directorate of Livestock & Fisheries, U Khin Ko Lay, Director General, Department

of Fisheries, Dr. Nyi Nyi Kyaw, Deputy Director General of Forest Department and U Kyaw Myo Win,

Deputy Director General, Department of Fisheries for their constant encouragement and support.

We would like to thank the FAO-Myanmar programme unit for all the support provided especially

to Dr. Aung Swe, Assistant FAOR Programme, Ms. Tha Nwai Law, Assistant FAOR Administraon,

Ms. Aye Aye Thet, Ms. Myat Nwe, Mr. Thu Kha, Ms. Sanda Saing, Ms. Say Wah, Ms. Aye Myint

Khine, U. Than Hke Zin and Ms. Khin Hnin Myint.

We are grateful to U Kyaw Min Rakhine State Fisheries Ocer, U Htun Tin Kyauk Phyu District

Fisheries Ocer, U Khin Shwe Yambye Township Fisheries Ocer, U Aung Myat Thein, Director,

Forest Department, Rakhine State, U Win Myint, Assistant Director, Kyauk Phyu District, Forest

Department, the former Naonal Project Coordinators of the project, U Hla Maung Thein and U

Aung Khin, sta from Yambye Township and Kyaukphyu District Fisheries and Forest Department

Oces, for their invaluable assistance during the survey at Wunbaik Reserved Mangrove Forest

and Ms. Kyitha Myint Assistant Researcher, Research and Development Division, Department of

Fisheries for her reless assistance while idenfying shes. Thanks are due to all those who have

contributed for this publicaon

iii

U Khin Maung Soe

Consultant to FAO

Dy. Director, Head of the R&D Divison

Department of Fisheries

[email protected]

Dr. Deiva Oswin Stanley

TCDC Consultant to FAO

Mangrove Management Specialist

[email protected]

[email protected]


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1



Fishery Resources of the Wunbaik Reserved Mangrove Forest

1. Introducon

Sustainable Community based Mangrove Management in Wunbaik Forest Reserve, TCP/MYA/3204

(D) is a joint venture of the Forest Department and the Food and Agriculture of the United Naons

to develop a raonal and applicable management model to conserve and sustainably ulize

the resources in Wunbaik Mangrove Reserved Forest. There were no studies available so far to

understand the shery resources of the Wunbaik Mangrove Reserved Forest. It was felt imperave

to document the standing status of shery resources, and therefore, a rapid survey was carried out

during the months February to April 2010 using the common tradional gear inside the reserved

forest boundary. The data would also form a base for developing the Integrated Mangrove

Management Plan for the Wunbaik Reserved Forest.

The Wunbaik Mangrove Reserved Forest is endowed with several deep and shallow creeks, large

rivers; mudats, sandy, muddy and also rocky booms. The ferle river mouths open to the Bay

of Bengal paving paths for seasonal migraon of both anadromous and catadromous transient

sh populaon. Mangroves are one of the important habitats for diversied oral and faunal

assemblages. The ecosystem provides support as breeding and feeding grounds and refuge

from predaon for the major proporon of n and shell shes and other biodiversity. Wunbaik

Mangrove Reserved Forest consisng of 56633 acres in Yambye Township was declared as areserved mangrove forest in February 1931. Presently around 40% of the forest area is degraded

due to encroachment for paddy and shrimp farming and cung wood for commercial purposes

like charcoal, brick baking and bark peeling. The remaining 53% of the forested area is virtually in

a crical pedestal for further encroachment for paddy and shrimp farm expansions and illicit wood

extracon in an uncontrolled fashion driven by the rich business men, money lenders and middle

men populaon living around and outside the district or state with the help of the local community.

The water holding capacity of the reserved zone which supports shery is also reduced to 6% in

to 2009

As a consequence, the mangrove habitat for shery is invariably lost which has and would have a

major implicaon on the shery producvity within the mangrove waters of the reserved forest

and in the estuarine and the nerec waters outside the boundary. It is obvious that the populaon

density of the shery in the wild is directly proporonal to the health of the mangroves and areas

of mangrove waters available for sh populaon to breed and migrate. In addion, pracces

of shing on the wunbaiks river mouth twice in both des, usage of minute mesh sized gear

and sieving out small sized crabs, year round mud crab harvesng in unrestrained approaches

has combined the threatening pressure on the shery populaon and a considerable decline in


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sheries, inside and outside the reserved zones has been recorded. A total of62speciesofn

shes,5speciesofcrustaceans and 5speciesofmollusks were idened and many more are

there to be studied. The signicantly small sized shes recorded proclaim the candid shing stress

on the survival of the exisng populaon.

This publicaon, Fishery Resources of the Wunbaik Reserved Mangrove Forest is a user friendly

bilingual handbook providing informaon on Scienc, English and Vernacular names of the

shes, simple morphological descripons, the habitat biology; sh size class available in mangrove

waters, local prices and ulizaon pracces. A gamut of readers from all level of stakeholders from

the local community, researchers to the administrators and others involved in natural resource

conservaon will be beneted


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2. GeographicalLocaonoftheRandomSitesSampledintheWunbaik



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(yg;pyfy Hkp HESi fh taetxmrsm;;)

a&SbufnTe fonf

tay:bufarmhonf

atmufp dkufonf

qefYxkwfE dkif aomyg;pyf

qefYxkwfEdkif aomy g;pyf


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1. Family: Ambassidae

Ambassis gymnocephalus ( Lacepede, 1802 ) ( i g ;Z i fp y f?a Mu mi fr p m; )

2. Family: Bagridae

Mystus viatus ( Bloch, 1797 ) ( i g ;Z i f dki f; )

3. Family: Batrachoidae

Batrichythyes sp. (Smith, 1934 ) ( i g;z m;? i g; t kw f)

4. Family: Belonidae

Strongylura leiura ( Bleeker, 1851 ) ( i g ;a w m i fp dr f;? i g;a z mi f dk;Bu D; )

5. Family: Bothidae

Pseudorhombus arius ( Hamilton Buchanan, 1822 ) ( i g; z u f& Gu f)

6. Family Cynoglossidae

Cynoglossus lingua ( i g;p y fp m?i g;a c G; & Sm) 7. Family; Carangidae:

Selaroides leptolepis ( Cuvier, 1833 ) ( r su fq Hu s, f?i g;l; )

8. Family: Centropomidae

Lates calcarifer( Bloch,1790 ) ( u u w p f? i g; o ' dku f)

9. Family: Chaetodondae

Chaetodon descussatus, Cuvier, 1831 ( i g; v dy fjy m)

10. Family: Clupeidae

Anodontostoma chacunda ( Hamilton - Buchanan, 1822 ) ( i g ;0 r f; y l? i g; 0 u fp y f)

Tenualosa illisha ( Hamilton - Buchanan, 1822 ) ( i g; o a v mu f)11. Family: Drepanidae

Drepane punctata ( Linnaeus , 1758 ) ( q i fe m;& Gu f?i g;y kv J)

12. Family: Engraulididae

Coilia dussumieri, Valenciennes, 1848 ( Nr D; w Ho G, f)

Coilia ramcari( Hamilton Buchanan,1822 ) ( Nr D; w Ho G, f)

Sepinna wheeleri, Wongratana,1983 ( i g;y g;& Sm;?i g;y g;)

Thryssa mystax( Bloch and Schneider, 1801 ) ( i g;y g;& Sm; )

13. Family: Gerreidae

Gerres abbreviates, Bleeker, 1850 ( i g; q Dt dk; )Gerres lamentosus, Cuvier, 1829 ( i g; q Dt dk; )

14. Family: Gobiidae

Acentrogobius caninus ( Valenciennes, 1837 ) ( i g; o 0 u fz dk)

Bathygobius fuscus ( Ruppell, 1828 ) ( i g;& Sy dk; ?i g; , u f)

Boleopthalmus boddar( Pallas 1770 ) ( i g;a ' gi f;a y smu f)

Glossogobius giuris ( Hamilton - Buchanan, 1822 ) ( u o y dk; ? i & Sy dk; )

Pseudapocryptes lamceolatus( Bloch & Schmeider,1801 ) ( i g; , u fjz L)

15. Family: Haemulidae

Pomadasys commersonni( Lacepede , 1802 )( i g;* Hk; )Pomadasys olivaceum ( Day, 1875 ) ( i g;* Hk; )

4. Catalog of the Fishery Resources of the Wunbaik Reserved MangroveForest


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16. Family: Hemiramphidae

Zenarchopterus sp ( Gill, 1864 ) ( i g ;a z mi f dk;? i g ;a w m i fz ke f; )

17. Family: Holocentridae

Sargocentron rubrum ( Forsskal, 1775 ) ( i g;a Mu ;r m?i g;e Da Mu ; Mu r f; )

18. Family: Labridae

Thalassoma lunare ( Linnaeus, 1758 ) ( i g; o i fa c sm)

19. Family: Leiognathidae

Leiognathus equulus ( Forsskal,1775 ) ( i g ; ' * Fg;?i g;0 dki f; )

Leiognathus bidus ( Valenciennes , 1835 ) ( i g ;Z a e ;? i g; ' * Fg;?i g;0 dki f; )

Leiognathus fasciatus ( Lacepede , 1803 ) ( i g ; ' * Fg; )

Secutor insidiator( Bloch, 1787 ) ( i g ; ' * Fg;?i g;0 dki f; )

20. Family: Lobodae

Datnioides quardrifaciatus ( Sevasanov, 1809 ) ( a u smu fi g; 0 u f)

21. Family: Lutjanidae

Lutjanus johnii( Bloch, 1792 ) ( i g;a c G; r e D? i r Sw fx i f)

Lutjanus lutjanus ( Bloch, 1790 ) ( a & Ti g;?i g;v 0 g)

22. Family: Mugilidae

Liza parsia ( Hamilton - Buchnan, 1822 ) ( u b Dv l; ? i g; u i fn i f; )

23. Family: Mullidae

Upeneus sulphureus, Cuvier, 1829 ( Bu dK;0 g?i g;r kw fq dw f)

Upeneus assymetricus ( Lachner, 1954 ) ( i g; a Mu ; Mu r f;?Bu dK;0 g)

24. Family: Muraenisocidae

Congresox talabon ( Cuvier, 1829 ) ( i g;a & T?o i fa y gi f; x dk; )

25. Family: Nemipteridae

Nemipterus peronii( Balenciennes, 1830 ) ( a & Ti g;)

Scolopsis vosmeri( Bloch, 1792 ) ( a & Ti g;?a u smu fi g;a jy r )

26. Family: Platycephalidae

Platycephalus indicus ( Linnaeus, 1758 ) ( i g; q i fe i f;?i g;a c gi f; j y m ; )

27. Family: Plotosidae

Plotosus canius, Hamilton - Buchanan,1822 ( y i fv , fi g;c l)

28. Family: Polynemidae

Eleuthronema tetradactylum ( Shaw, 1804 ) ( i g; w & m; ? i g; w a , m)

29. Family: Pomacanthidae

Pomacanthus annularis ( Bloch , 1787 ) ( i g; v dy fjy m)

30. Family: Pomacentridae

Abudefduf saxalis ( a u smu fi g; ?i g;Mu m;r )

Abudedufsp ( a u smu fi g; ?i g;Mu m;r )

31. Family: Prisgesteridae

Illisha megaloptera ( Swainson, 1839 ) ( r su fq Hu s, f)

32. Family: Pseodidae

Pseodes erumei( Bloch and Schneider, 1801 ) ( i g; v u fu dku f)


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33. Family: Scatophagidae

Scatophagus argus ( Linnaeus, 1766 ) ( i g; y o ke f? i g; c u f)

34. Family: Sciaenidae

Chrysochir aureus ( Richardson, 1846 ) ( i g; o i f0 g)

Pennahia anea ( Bloch, 1793 ) ( i g;a c gi f; y G?i g;y kw fo i f)

35. Family: Serranidae

Cephalopholis formosa ( Shaw and Nodder, 1812 ) ( a u smu fi g;? i g;a w m u fw lr D;jy m)

Epinephalus erythrurus ( a u smu fi g;)

36. Family: Siganidae

Siganus javus ( Linnaeus , 1766 ) ( i g;& e f& Sm? i g;q l; o e f)

Siganus vermiculatus ( Valenciennes, 1835 ) ( i g;& e f& Sm? i g;q l; o e f)

37. Family: Sillaginidae

Sillago sihama ( Forsskal, 1775 ) ( i g;Z e fy l?i g;y ka v G)

38. Family: Sphyraenidae

Sphyraena jello, Cuvier, 1829 ( y i fv , fi g ;a r Gx dk; )

39. Family: Synodondae

Saurida tumbil( Bloch, 1795 ) ( i g;y ka v G?i g;Z i fv dy f)

40. Family: Tetraodondae

Chelonodon potoca ( Hamilton - Buchanan, 1822 ) ( i g;y lw i f;?A * si f; )

41. Family: Teraponidae

Terapon jarbua ( Forsskal, 1775 ) ( i * Hk;Mu m;?i g;e Ha Mu mi f)

42. Family: Toxodae

Toxotes chatareus ( Hamilton - Buchanan, 1822 ) ( i g ;y i fu r f;? i g;a y smu fr )

43. Family: Portunidae (Mangrove crab / Mud crab)

Scylla olivacea ( Herbst, 1796 ) ( y sm; u P e f;?a c smi f; u P e f; )

44. Family: Penaeidae (Marine shrimps)

Penaeus indicus, H. Milne Edwards, 1837 ( y kp Ge fjz L)

Penaeus japonecus, Bate, 1888 ( o Jy kp Ge f)

Penaeus monodon, Fabricius, 1798 ( u sm;y kp Ge f)

45. Family: Squillidae(Mensshrimp)

Harpiosquilla sp. ( u i f; y kp Ge f? a w m u fy q dy f)

46. Family: Arcidae (Cookles)

Anadara granosa ( Linnaeus, 1758 ) ( * Hk; o Gm; Bu J) 47. Family: Pannidae (Pen shell / Fan Shell)

Atrina pecnata ( Linnaeus, 1767 ) ( * Hk; , y fa w mi f)

48. Family: Potamididae (Telecopic snail)

Telescopium telescopium ( Linnaeus, 1758 ) ( r & Gw f c k)

49 . Family: Solnidae (Knife clam / Razor clam)

Solen lamarckii, Deshayes, 1839 ( * Hk; a , mi f; r )

50. Family: Veneridae (Hard clam)

Meretrix casta ( y sm;* Hk; c k)


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5.FisheryResourcesoftheWunbaikReservedMangroveForest

(0efAdkufopfawmBudK;0dkif;&Sd ig;rsm;)

Plate 1:Ambassis gymnocephalus. Bald glassy (ig;Zifpyf)

Plate 2:Mystus viatus. Stripped dwarf cat sh (ig;Zifdkif;)


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Family: Ambassidae (Channidae)

Sciencname: Ambassis gymnocephalus

Common name: Bald glassy

Local name: Nga-zin-cert, Kyaung-ma-cer (ig;Zifpyf? aMumifrpm;) (Plate 1)

Habitat and biology: Demersal, found schooling in shallow waters, in brakish water and in coastal

mud banks near river mouths. Feed on small crustaceans, shes and larvae, acve at night. Aains

size up to 12 cm.

Morphology: Body oblong and compressed, mouth moderate, slightly protrusible, opercula ends

in a membrane ap. Dorsal n with 7-8 spines and 8-12 rays; anal n with 3 spines and 8-17 rays;

pectoral n rounded, pelvic n thoracic with 1 spine and 5 rays; caudal n forked.

Color: Silvery with bright longitudinal band; ns hyaline and yellowish; spinous dorsal n dusky

between 2nd and 3rd spines.

Sample Detail

Sampling site: Coastal shallow waters along Kalein Taung River

Size range recorded: 5-8 cm

Fishing sites: Shallow brackish waters-near mud bank at the Mouth of Kathoung

River

Fishing gear: Beach seine, Stow net , Cast net

Local market price: 200- 350 kyat/kg

Uses: Fresh, dried; bait for mud crab trap and long line shing

Family: Bagridae

Sciencname: Mystus viatus

Common name: Stripped dwarf cat sh

Local name: Nga-zin-yine (ig;Zif&dkif;) (Plate 2)

Habitat and biology: Common in dal zone and brackish water reaches of large rivers.

Feed on insects and crustaceans. Aains size up to 20 cm.

Morphology: Body elongated and slightly compressed. Head depressed; occipital process reaching

basal bone of dorsal n. Mouth terminal; teeth on jaws and on vomer; barble four pairs. Dorsal

spine weak and serrated on inner edge; adipose n small; caudal n forked.

Color: Body gray silver to shinning golden with pale blue to deep black longitudinal bands on

anks; ns glassy with dark ps.

Sample Detail

Sampling site River Mouth- River Pyke Seik Taung Maw

Size range: 8-12 cm

Fishing sites: Shallow creeks converging with large rivers in Wunbaik Reserved Forest

Fishing gear: Beach seine, Stow net , Cast net

Local market price: 500-750 kyat/kg (fresh)

Uses: Fresh, dried


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Plate 3:Batrychthyes sp. Toad sh (ig;zm;? ig;tkwf)

Plate 4:Strongylura leiura. Banded needle sh (ig;awmifpdrf;)

Belonidae


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Family: Batrachoidae

Sciencname: Batrychthyes sp.

Common name: Toad sh

Local name: Nga-phar; Nga-oat (ig;zm; ? ig;tkwf) (Plate 3)

Habitat and biology: Inhabing lower reaches of brackish rivers, mangrove estuaries and coastal

shallow waters, benthic zones with muddy boom; aains size up to 20 cm.

Morphology: Body cylindrical; compressed in posterior. Head broad and heavy, mouth large, lower

jaw large and protracle; operculum spines present, rst dorsal n with 3 strong spines hidden

below skin; second dorsal n and anal ns long based; pelvic n jugular inserted ahead of pelvic

n; pectoral n fan-like; caudal n rounded.

Color: Drab colored

Sample Detail

Sampling site: River Mouths of Rivers Pyke Seik Toung Maw and Kaleing Toung


Fishing sites: Shallow waters with muddy boom

Fishing gear: Beach seine, Cast net,


Uses: Fresh, dried.

Note: Potenal aquarium sh

Family: Belonidae

Sciencname: Strongylura leiura

Common name: Banded needle sh

Local name: Nga-taung-sein; Nga-phong-yoo-gyi (ig;awmifpdrf;? ig;azmifdk;MuD;) (Plate 4)

Habitat and biology: Pelagic, common in coastal and estuarine water; schooling, acve at

night; feed on small sh and crustacean at surface or mid-water (both surface and column feeder).

Aains size up to 73 cm.

Morphology: Body elongated, laterally compressed, almost rectangular in cross secon; upper and

lower jaw elongated with sharp teeth. Anal and dorsal ns forming disnct anterior lobe; dorsal

n origin above anal n origin; Teeth on both jaws, upper jaw no protracle; caudal n truncated.

Upper caudal n lobe has more rays than that of thelower lobe. No spines in ns.

Color: Top of head and back greenish; silvery stripped along side; lower ank and ventral surface

white; p of dorsal and anal n lobes yellowish.

Sample Detail

Sampling site: Mouths of Rivers, Pyke Seik Toung Maw and Kalein Toung


Fishing sites: Surface of all open water in the river mouths in Wunbaik Reserved

Forest

Fishing gear: Beach seine, surface and column water stow net , Cast net


Uses:Fresh, dried.


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Plate5:Pseudorhombus arius. Large tooth ounder (ig;zuf&Guf)

Plate 6:Cynoglossus lingua. Tongue sole (ig;pyfpm? ig;acG;&Sm)


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Family: Bothidae ( Le eyed ounders ).

Sciencname: Pseudorhombus arius

Common name: Large tooth ounder

Local name : Nga-phet-ywat (ig;zuf&Guf) (Plate 5)

Habitat and biology: Benthic, inhabit in coastal estuaries and inshore; depth ranged 10-100

meters; burrowing in mud or sand at day me. Feed on small invertebrates and shes. Aains size

up to 35 cm.

Morphology: Body oval and aened; mouth protracle; and symmetrical; no n spines, dorsal

n origin anterior to upper eye, dorsal n and caudal n separate from caudal n; pectoral n

present; pelvic n base short.

Color: Eyed side brownish with various dark spots and rings; two smaller spot on lateral line and

posterior; medium ns with dark spots.

Sample Detail

Sampling site: Mouth of Zareik River

Size range : 12-15 cm

Fishing sites: Open and brackish water with muddy boom along the Rivers Pykeseik

Toung Maw, Zerike and Kaleain Toung

Fishing gear: Beach seine, Boom stow net , Cast net

Local market price: (650 -750) kyat/kg (fresh)

Uses: fresh, dried

Family: Cynoglosssidae (Le eyed ounders)

Sciencname: Cynoglossus lingua

Common name: Tongue sole

Local name: Nga-sat-sar ; Nga-khwae-shar (ig;pyfpm? ig;acG;&Sm) (Plate 6)

Habitat and biology: Common in coastal and estuarine waters. Inhabit muddy or sandy boom in

dal zone of large rivers. Feed on benthic invertebrates. Aains size up to 38 cm.

Morphology: Body tongue shaped, snout pointed, mouth cle well beyond lower eyes. Dorsal

and anal ns conuent with caudal n; dorsal n originate in front of eyes; pectoral n absent, no

spines in n. Only le pelvic n developed and connected with anal n. Two lateral lines on eyed

side. Ten rays in caudal n.

Color: Ocular side reddish brown, oen with irregular brown-black patches; a large blotch on

operculum.

Sample Detail

Sampling site River Mouth of Zerike


Fishing sites: Open estuarine and coastal water with muddy boom along the

Rivers

Pyke Seik Toung Maw, Zerike and Ka Leain Toung

Fishing gear: Beach seine, Boom stow net, Cast net

Local market price:600-750 kyat/kg

Uses: Fresh, dried


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Plate 7:Selaroides leptolepis. Yellow stripped scad (rsufqHus,f? ig;l;)

Plate 8:Lates calcarifer. Sea bass (uuwpf? ig;o'dkuff)


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Family: Carangidae

Sciencname: Selaroides leptolepis

Common name: Yellow stripped scad

Local name: Myat-san-kyel; Nga-yoou (rsufqHus,f ? ig;&l;) (Plate 7)

Habitat and biology: Commonly found over so-habitat in coastal waters and estuaries, also

ascends into freshwater reaches. Acve at daymes, feed on mollusks and small shes. Aains

size up to 15 cm.

Morphology: Body oblong and compressed; dorsal and ventral prole enrely curved; adipose eye

ssue well developed; lateral line curved and covered with scutes at posterior; rst dorsal n with

spiny rays; anal n with 3 spines; caudal n deeply forked; keel on caudal peduncle.

Color: Body bluish-green above, white below, all ns pale to yellowish; disnct black spot on

operculum.

Sample Detail

Sampling site: Mouth of River Kathoung


Fishing sites: Mouth of Rivers Kathoung, Zerike and Kaleain Toung

Fishing gear: Beach seine, Surround net, Surface stow net


Uses: Fresh, dried and salted

Family: Centropomidae

Sciencname: Lates calcarifer

Common name: Sea bass

Local name: Ka-ka-dit ; Nga-tha-dite (uuwpf ? ig;o'dkuff) (Plate 8)

Habitat and biology: Migrant sh, Inhabing estuaries, river mouths opening to the sea, common

in coastal muddy areas in dry season, returns to estuarine and marine environment for spawning

during monsoon. Juveniles are plenty in dal mangrove waters. Feed on crustaceans and shes.

Depth range 10-40 meters. Feed on small shes and crustaceans. Aains size up to 200 cm.

Morphology: Body elongate, moderately compressed; mouth large and slightly oblique, teeth on

jaws. Opercle with single stout spine, pre-operculum serrated; dorsal n dividing spiny and so

rayed parts, spiny dorsal n with 7-8 rays, 8-11 branched rays in so dorsal n; caudal n rounded,

lateral line reaching to p of caudal n.

Color: Adult with olive brown above with silvery ank and belly; juvenile greenish above and silvery

below, eyes bright, glowing at night.

Sample Detail



Fishing sites: Open waters of small rivers, rivulets and large mangrove creeks

Fishing gear: Beach seine, Surround net, Stow net

Local market price: 900-1000 kyat/kg (highly preferred commercial sh)

Uses:Fresh, dried


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Plate 9:Chaetodon descussatus. Buery sh (ig;vdyfjym)

Plate 10:Anodontostoma chacunda. Chacunda shad (ig;0rf;yl? ig;0ufpyf)


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Family: Chaetodondae

Sciencname: Chaetodon descussatus

Common name: Buery sh

Local name: Nga-leik-pyar (ig;vdyfjym) (Plate 9)

Habitat and biology: Inhabing shallow and sheltered water in lagoons and reef; occasionally to

100 meter depth. Feed on worms and sessile invertebrates; Aains size up to 20 cm.

Morphology: Body deep oval and compressed; mouth small, protracble with ne teeth, snout

pointed; dorsal n single with 16 spines; rayed secon of vercal n usually higher than spiny

secons; eye band present, 3 spines in anal n.

Color: Alternang yellow and black bands in caudal n, at the posterior end of dorsal and anal ns;

Transverse diagonal stripes on the sides of body.

Sample Detail



Fishing sites:, Mouths of Rivers Kathoung Zareik and Kaleaindaung

Fishing gear: Beach seine, Stow net, and Long line

Local market price: 300-500 kyat/kg (Fresh)

Uses: Fresh


Family: Clupeidae

Sciencname: Anodontostoma chacunda

Common name: Chacunda shad

Local name: Nga-one-pu ; Nga-wet-cert (ig;0rf;yl? ig;0ufpyf) (Plate 10)

Habitat and biology: Pelagic, usually found in coastal, estuarine and marine waters, ascend rivers

to upper dal zone, mainly over mud banks and mud and sand, enter to clear water over coral

reefs for food. Depth range 1- 25 meter; feed on planktons; form large schools. Aains size up to

17 cm.

Morphology: Body very deep, laterally compressed; mouth inferior. Fins without spines, dorsal n

short, Placed nearly mid point of body; anal n inserted behind dorsal n; pectoral n set low on

body; pelvic n placed at mid point between anal n and pectoral n base; caudal n deeply forked.

Color: Body silver with a large black spot behind gill opening; lines formed of spots along rows of

scales in upper parts third of body; ns hyaline.

Sample Detail

Sampling site: Mouth of River Kalein Toung


Fishing sites: Open mangrove waters of all large rivers and rivulets

Fishing gear: Stow net, Dri gill net


Uses: Fresh, smoked, salted


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Plate 11:Tenualosa illisha. Hilsa shad (ig;oavmuf)

Plate 12: Drepane punctata. Spoed sickle back (qifem;&Guf? ig;ykvJJ)


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Family: Clupeidae

Sciencname: Tenualosa illisha

Common name: Hilsa shad

Local name: Nga-tha-lauk (ig;oavmuf) (Plate 11)

Habitat, Biology: Pelagic, prefer muddy shallow mangrove waters, anadromous migrant marine

sh, swims in large schools, enter upper dal reach of river for spawning. Feed on invertebrates,

crustaceans, algae and diatoms. Plenty of juveniles in mangrove creeks. Aains size up to 50 cm.

Morphology: Body fusiform, moderately compressed with a complete series of scutes along the

abdomen (pelvic scute always present); no scale on head; mouth terminal, minute teeth on jaw.

Dorsal n single, short, no spines, placed near midpoint of body. Pectoral ns set low on body;

pelvic ns just anterior dorsal-n base; anal n short; caudal n deeply forked.

Color: Blue-green on back, silvery on anks, dark pigmentaon on part of dorsal, pectoral, anal,

and caudal ns.

Sample Detail

Sampling site: River Mouth of Kathoung


Fishing sites: Open waters of all large rivers fringed with mangroves and mouths of

rivers or creeks converging the sea

Fishing gear: Beach seine, Dri gill net, Surround net, Stow net

Local market price: 600-900 kyat/kg (Fresh), highly commercial

Uses: Fresh, salted

Family: Drepanidae

Sciencname: Drepane punctata

Common name: Spoed sickle back

Local name: Sin-nar-ywat; Nga palae (qifem;&Guf? ig;ykvJJ) (Plate 12)

Habitat and Biology: Benthic, neric, juveniles in large schools on mud banks. Migrate to sandstone

coral or rocky areas when adult. Feeds on invertebrate and bivalve mollusks; Aains size up to 40 cm.

Morphology: Body oval and strongly compressed; snout prole concave, the eye well above

horizontal line; ventral edge of preopercle serrate in juveniles; mouth highly protracble downward;

jaws with teeth. Adults have bony knob on inter-orbital region. Dorsal n single with 9-10 spines

and 20-22 so rays; anal n with 3 spines and 16 -19 rays; pectoral ns elongate reaching caudal

peduncle; caudal n rounded, almost truncate in adults.

Color: Body silvery; 5 to 10 series of vercal arranged black spots below dorsal n to caudal

peduncle; ns dusky yellow; 2 or 3 longitudinal rows of small dark spots on so dorsal n.

Sample Detail

Sampling site: Mouth of Rivers Kathoung and Kyaung Poke


Fishing sites: Open waters of large mangrove fringed river mouths

Fishing gear: Beach seine, Fence net, Dri gill net, Stow net

Local market price:600-750 kyat/kg (fresh)

Uses: Fresh, dried


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Plate 13:Coilia dussumieri. Gold spoed grenadier anchovy (jrD;wHoG,f)

Plate 14:Coilia ramcari. Ramcarat grenadier anchovy (jrD;wHoG,f)


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Family: Engraulididae

Sciencname: Coilia dussumieri

Common name: Goldspoed grenadier anchovy

Local name: Mee-tan-thwae (jrD;wHoG,f) (Plate 13)

Habitat and Biology: Pelagic; migrant, inhabing coastal and estuarine waters, higher range

of salinity tolerance; from fully saline water to almost fresh water; feeds larvae of shes and

crustaceans; light organ developed on body (only species among clupeoid shes). Aains size up

to 20 cm.

Morphology: Medium-sized rat-tailed anchovy, characterized by a long tapering body; belly

rather rounded before pelvic n base; 12 to 15 keeled scutes just behind pectoral n base to anus.

Pectoral n with 6 long laments and 9 to 11 branched n rays; pelvic n with 7 rays; anal n long;

caudal n pointed.

Color: Flanks and belly with golden or pearly spots in rows below scales, also along isthmus, along

edge of lower jaw and a few on cheek and gill cover.

Sample Detail

Sampling site: Mouth of River Kaleing Toung


Fishing sites: Open water of all along large river mouths in Wunbaik Reserved

Mangrove Forest

Fishing gear: Fence net, Beach seine, Stow net


Uses: Fresh, dried


Sciencname: Coilia ramcari

Common name: Ramcarat grenadier anchovy

Local name: Mee-tan-thwae (jrD;wHoG,f) (Plate 14)

Habitat and Biology: Common in coastal estuarine and in marine waters, schooling and swimming

in the surface of mangrove creeks, entering to upper reach of large rivers. Aains size up to 15 cm.

Morphology: Body tapering, belly with 13-16 ventral scute (keeled). Pectoral n with 6 detached

lamentous rays. Pelvic n with 9-10 n rays.

Color: Yellowish silver colored with hyaline ns.

Sample Detail



Fishing sites: Open water of all alaong large river moutrhs in Wunbaik Reserved

Mangrove Forest

Fishing gear: Beach seine, Fence net, Dri gill net and Stow net

Local market price: Fresh 300-500 kyat/kg

Uses: Fresh, dried


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Plate15: Sapinna wheeleri. Scaly hair n anchovy (ig;yg;&Sm;? ig;yg;)

Plate 16:Thryssa mystax. Moustached thryssa (ig;yg;&Sm;)


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Sciencname: Sepinna wheeleri

Common name: Scaly hairn anchovy

Local name: Nga-pa-sharr ; Nga-parr (ig;yg;&Sm;? ig;yg;) (Plate 15)

Habitat and biology: Marine, migrant, pelagic and schooling on mangrove waters, mainly

coastal, but also entering estuaries and lower reaches of the large rivers. Feed mainly on larger

zooplanktons, small shrimp and shes. Aains size up to 30 cm.

Morphology: Body strongly compressed; scales present on dorsal and anal ns, belly with keel

from isthmus to anus. Caudal n forked, upper lobe truncated and shorter than the lower; pectoral

n with elongated rst ray.

Color: Body silver gray, ns hyaline, pectoral and caudal n with dark margin

Sample Detail

Sampling site: Mouth of River Kalein Toung


Fishing sites: In large river mouths, creeks and rivulets fringed with mangroves

Fishing gear: Beach seine, Dri gill net


Uses: Fresh, dried, grilled


Sciencname: Thryssa mystax

Common name: Moustached thryssa

Local name: Nga-pa-sharr (ig;yg;&Sm;)(Plate 16)

Habitat and biology: Estuaries and lower reaches of the large rivers. Pelagic, feeds mainly on

larger zooplanktons, small shrimp and shes. Aains size up to 16 cm.

Morphology: Body compressed, Tip of snout at level of eye center; maxillary p reaching to 1st

pectoral.

n ray. Pelvis n abdominal, ventral keel present before and behind pelvic n based.

Color: Body silvery gray; black patch behind operculum; p of dorsal n as upper lower and hinder

the margins of caudal n black.

Sample Detail



Fishing sites: In large river mouths and mangrove creeks

Fishing gear: Beach seine, Dri gill net

Local market price: 300-500 kyat/kg

Uses: Fresh, dried, grilled


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Plate 17:Gerres abbreviates. Deep body silver biddy (ig;qDtdk;)

Plate 18: Gerres lamentosus. Whip n silver biddy (ig;qDtdk;)


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Family: Gerreidae

Sciencname: Gerres abbreviates

Common name: Deep body silver biddy

Local name: Nga-se-ooh (ig;qDtdk;) (Plate 17)

Habitat and biology: Common in the coastal estuaries and marine waters to depth about 60 cm,

Occur on mud or mud and sand substrate. Oen enter to the upper dal areas of the rivers even

to freshwater areas. Boom feeder, feed on small sh, crustaceans and mollusks. Aains size up

to 35 cm.

Morphology: Body oblong and compressed. Mouth terminal and extremely protracble downward

as a pointed tube; scale large, thin and easily lost, on head and body, forming sheath along anal

and dorsal n bases; dorsal n connuous.

Color: Dark longitudinal line along scale rows; ventral n yellow, black edge on dorsal n, white

Sample Detail

Sampling site: Creek Nga Yet Kyi and the Mouth of River Kalein Taung


Fishing sites: River mouths of large mangrove creeks and rivulets

Fishing gear: Beach seine, Boom stow net


Uses: Fresh, dried

Family: Gerreidae

Sciencname: Gerres lamentosus

Common name: Whip n silver biddy

Local name: Nga-se-ooh (ig;qDtdk;) (Plate 18)

Habitat and biology: Common in the coastal estuaries and marine water to depth about 60 cm

over mud or mud and sand substrate. Oen enter to the upper dal areas of the rivers even to

freshwater areas. Boom feeder, feed on small sh, crustaceans and mollusks. Aains size up to

35 cm.

Morphology: Body oblong and compressed. Mouth terminal and extremely protracble downward

as a pointed tube; scale large, thin and easily lost, on head and body, forming sheath along anal

and dorsal n bases; dorsal n connuous, 2nd dorsal n rays produced into lament.

Color: 7-8 vercal bars of brown blotches over sides; a row of brown checks on mid dorsal n

Sample Detail



Fishing sites: The river mouths of large mangrove creeks and rivulets

Fishing gear: Beach seine, Boom stow net


Uses: Fresh, dried


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Plate 19:Acentrogobius caninus. Spoed green goby (ig;o0ufzdk)

Plate 20:Bathygobius fuscus. Frill goby (ig;&Sydk;? ig;,uf)


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Family: Gobiidae

Sciencname: Acentrogobius caninus

Common name: Spoed green goby

Local name: Nga-tha-wet-hpo (ig;o0ufzdk) (Plate 19)

Habitat and biology: Found in mud and sand boom in mangrove and coastal bays, also in estuaries

and rivers. Benthic, feed on boom invertebrates, Aains size up to 13 cm.

Morphology: Body cylindrical, head rounded, mouth oblique terminal; eyes close together on top

of head; 2 separate dorsal ns, 8 spines in 1st dorsal n and 1 spine in 2nd dorsal n; anal n with

one feebly spine; ventral n fused and cup-liked.

Color: Blackish-green laterally with black spots, each scales on upper half of the body with dark

spots; so dorsal n and upper half of caudal n speckle with black spots, scapular with blue spot,

body with large spots.

Sample Detail

Sampling site Creek Palae Nwe


Fishing sites: Interdal creeks connecng the River Than Zeik

Fishing gear: Beach seine, Fence net


Ulizaon: Fresh

Note: Potenal aquarium sh?

Family: Gobiidae

Sciencname: Bathygobius fuscus

Common name: Frill goby

Local name: Nga-sha-boe ; Nga-yet (ig;&Sydk;? ig;,uf) (Plate 20)

Habitat and biology: Found in shallow brackish water in coastal, estuaries and interdal zone.

Benthic, feed on boom invertebrates, Aains size up to 9 cm.

Morphology: Body elongate anteriorly; sub cylindrical, compressed in posterior, head depressed;

mouth slightly oblique, teeth on jaws. Dorsal n separate, uppermost pectoral n rays free from

membrane near ps; pelvic n fused cup-liked.

Color: Olivaceous-brown with irregular blotches on anks; side of head with whish spots; dorsal

n dusky with broad stripe.

Sample Detail

Sampling site: Creek Palae Nwe


Fishing sites: The muddy banks of the mangrove creeks

Fishing gear: Beach seine, Fence net, Cast net

Local market value: Fresh 750-900 kyat/kg

Ulizaon: Fresh


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Plate 21:Boleopthalmus boddar. Goggle eyed goby (Mud skipper) (ig;a'gif;aysmuf)

Plate 22:Glossogobius giuris. Tank goby (uoydk;? i&Sydk;)


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Family: Gobiidae

Sciencname: Boleopthalmus boddar

Common name: Goggle eyed goby, Mud skipper

Local name: Nga-daung-pyaut (ig;a'gif;aysmuf) (Plate 21)

Habitat and biology: Inhabit in coastal estuaries and upper dal zone. Burrow in mud at of shallow

water; feed on algae and detritus. Highly Acve, shule back and forth between the burrows and

atmospheric air. Aains size up to 22 cm.

Morphology: Body very elongate, and compressed; head sub cylindrical; eyes closely place above

the dorsal prole of head and movable; dorsal n separate, pelvic n fused, cup-liked; caudal n

round.

Color: Greenish color and pale in the ventral side; bluish or light green spots on head body and

dorsal n; dark diagonal bands on the body.

Sample Detail

Sampling site: Creek Ye Ne Gyi and River Than Zeik


Fishing sites: Interdal mud ats



Uses: Fresh


Family: Gobiidae

Sciencname: Glossogobius giuris

Common name: Tank goby

Local name: Ka-tha-bo; Nga-sha-poe (uoydk;? i&Sydk;) (Plate 22)

Habitat and biology: Inhabits lower reaches and estuaries, occasionally found in up streams. Feed

on small insects, crustaceans and shes. Beer growth in brackish water; Aains size up to 30 cm.

Morphology: Body cylindrical, dorsal n separated, caudal n round, head large and slightly

depress, mouth terminal, lower jaw projecng. Pelvic n fused and forming cup liked.

Color: Body dark or olive brown with 5-6 dark blotches; ns hyaline with dusky spots; cheek with

thin pale stripe.

Sample Detail

Sampling site: Creek Nga Yet Kyi and River Kalein Taung


Fishing sites: Shallow muddy banks of rivers and creeks inside mangroves

Fishing gear: Beach seine, Fence net, Boom stow net

Local market value: Fresh 900-1200 kyat/kg

Uses: Fresh, dried


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Plate 23:Pseudapocryptes lamceolatus. Goby (ig;,ufjzL)

Plate 24:Pomadasys commersonni. Small spoed grunter (ig;*Hk;)


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Plate25:Pomadasys olivaceum. Olive grunt (ig;*Hk;)

Plate 26:Zenarchopterus sp. Haleak (ig;azmifdk;? ig;awmifzkef;)


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Family: Haemulidae

Sciencname: Pomadasys olivaceum

Common name: Olive grunt

Local name: Nga-gowne (ig;*Hk;) (Plate 25)

Habitat& biology: Benthic, coastal to marine, common in the shallow coastal estuary, to deep

water. Prefer muddy boom. Carnivores, feed on crustaceans and small shes. Aains size up to

50 cm. Depth to 30 meters.

Morphology: Body oblong; 2 pores and a medium pit on chin. Dorsal n 9-15 spines, anal n 3

spines with 7-8 so rays, caudal n truncate.

Color: Body olive color, large blotch on upper end of pre-operculum

Sample Detail

Sampling site: Mouth of River Kalein Taung


Fishing areas: River mouths fringed with mangroves

Fishing gear: Boom stow net, Boom long line

Local market price: 900- 1200 kyat/kg

Uses: Fresh, dried

Family: Hemiramphidae

Sciencname: Zenarchopterus sp

Common name: Haleak

Local name: Nga-phoun-gyoo, Nga-taung-phone (ig;azmif&dk;? ig;awmifzkef;) (Plate 26)

Habitat & biology: Pelagic, swimming near surface, common in coastal and o shore waters.

Migrant, entering estuaries and even freshwater. Feed on planktons. Aains size up to 23 cm.

Morphology: Body very elongate and slender, laterally compress. Lower jaw elongated, upper jaw

triangular and projecng forward from snout, teeth small. Pectoral n placed higher up. Pelvic n

in posterior; caudal n truncate.

Color: Silvery greenish and nearly translucent, almost the same color of water where they live

Sample Detail

Sampling site: Creek Nga Yet Kyi and the mouth of River Kalein Taung


Fishing areas: Open waters of rivers and large creeks.


Local market price: Fresh 600 kyat/kg

Uses: Fresh, dried


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Plate 27:Sargocentron rubrum. Red coat grouper (ig;aMu;rm)

Plate 28: Thalassoma lunare. Moon wrass (ig;oifacsm)


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Family: Holocentridae

Sciencname: Sargocentron rubrum

Common name: Red coat grouper

Local name: Nga-kyai-mar ; Nga-ne-kyae-gyan (ig;aMu;rm? ig;eDaMu;Murf;) (Plate 27)

Habitat & biology: Benthic, from shallow coastal water associated with coral reefs and in rocky

areas. Depth to 30 meters; acve at night. Feed on benthic crustaceans. Aains size up to 32 cm.

Morphology: Body elongate, spiny and so dorsal n separated. Bone of head with highly serrated;

two sharp poisonous spines at upper edge of pre-opercle; anal n with four strong spines; caudal

n forked.

Color: Dark spots at the base of so dorsal n and anal n; white stripe along each body scale row;

spinous dorsal membrane reddish white; so dorsal, anal and caudal n yellow leading edge and

margin crimson; p of ventral blackish.

Sample Detail



Fishing areas: Open water of all rivers and large creek

Fishing gear: Boom stow net, Long line


Uses: Fresh, dried but rarely eaten

Family: Labridae

Sciencname: Thalassoma lunare

Common name: Moon wrass

Local name: Nga-thin-chaw (ig;oifacsm) (Plate 28)

Habitat & biology: Demersal, associated with shallow coral and rocky reefs, prefer sandy boom.

Feed on benthic invertebrates and sh eggs; depth to 20 meter. Aains size up to 30 cm.

Morphology: Body elongate, laterally compressed; caudal n truncate with elongated rst and last rays

Color: Body bright green to blue with a vercal red band on each scale, red or purple lines on head;

small individuals with a large black spot in dorsal n and caudal n based.

Sample Detail



Fishing areas: Open water of all rivers and large creeks connected to the sea

Fishing gear: Boom stow net, Boom long line, Boom set gill net


Uses: Rarely eaten, potenal aquarium sh


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Plate 29: Leiognathus equulus. Orange n pony sh (ig;'*Fg;? ig;0dkif;)

Plate 30:Leiognathus bidus. Commmon pony sh (ig;Zae;? ig;'*Fg;)

Leiognathidae

Leiognathidae


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Family: Leiognathidae

Sciencname: Leiognathus equulus

Common name: Orange n pony sh

Local name: Nga-dingar; Nga-waing (ig;'*Fg;? ig;0dkif;) (Plate 29)

Habitat and biology: Found in shallow coastal water to depths of 40 meters, over sand substratum

swim near surface and boom, adult schooling. Feed on polychaetes, crustaceans and small shes.


Morphology: Body deep and strongly compressed; Dorsal and ventral proles usually equal with

short rounded snout, large eyes; no scale on head and breast; two antero-orbital spine forming as

a blade; mouth protracble forward and downward; teeth on jaw.

Color: Caudal peduncle with a small brown saddle. No coloraon on spinous dorsal n

Sample Detail

Sampling staon: Creek Do Ra Ta and River Pykeseik Toung Maw


Fishing sites: Large Rivers and rivulets fringed with mangroves

Fishing gear: Boom stow net, Beach seine, Fence net


Uses: Fresh, dried


Sciencname: Leiognathus bidus

Common name: Common pony sh

Local name: Nga-za-nae; Nga-dingar; Nga-waing (ig;Zae;? ig;'*Fg;? ig;0dkif;) (Plate 30)

Habitat and biology: Found in shallow coastal water to depths of 40 meters, prefers sand

substratum; adult schooling common; feed on polychaetes, crustaceans and small shes. Aains

size up to 11 cm.

Morphology: Body round to oblong, strongly compressed; dorsal and ventral proles usually

equal; mouth protracble forward and downward; nuchal spine developed ; single dorsal n with

8 spines and 16 rays; Anal n with 13 spines and 14 rays; caudal n forked.

Color: Silvery with dark grey ank; outer half of spinous dorsal n pale yellow to orange with a

black line beneath; anal spine pped with orange; so dorsal grayish; other n colorless.

Sample Detail



Fishing areas: Open waters of river mouths fringed with mangroves converging the sea



Ulizaon: Fresh, dried


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Plate 31:Leiognathus fasciatus. Striped pony sh (ig;'*Fg;)

Plate 32: Secutor insidiator. Pignose pony sh (ig;'*Fg;? ig;0dkif;)


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Sciencname: Leiognathus fasciatus

Common name: Striped pony sh

Local name: Nga-din-gar (ig;'*Fg;) (Plate 31)

Habitat and biology: Found in shallow coastal water to depths of 40 meters, over sand substratum

swim near surface and boom, adult schooling common. Feed on polychates, crustaceans and

small shes. Aains size up to 21 cm.

Morphology: Body deep and strongly compressed; dorsal and ventral proles usually equal; large

eyes; no scale on head and breast; Two antero-orbital spine forming as a blade; mouth protrusible

forward and downward; teeth on jaw; so dorsal and anal spine elongated.

Color: Dark vercal line on upper part of body are more widely space; yellow oval spot in horizontal

rows following the lateral line; posterior margin of caudal lobe dusky or black.

Sample Detail



Fishing areas: Open waters of large rivers and creeks with mangroves



Uses: Fresh, dried


Sciencname: Secutor insidiator

Common name: Pignose pony sh

Local name: Nga-dingar; Nga-waing (ig;'*Fg;? ig;0dkif;) (Plate 32)

Habitat and biology: Inhabit shallow coastal; occasionally enter brackish water and estuaries.


Morphology: Body oval and compressed; ventral prole more convex than dorsal prole; nostril

above orbit; mouth small, poinng upward when protracted; lower jaw ascend upward nearly 90;

one anterio-orbital spine.

Color: Silvery, upper half with pearly blue spots; the bars on upper side are faint; but on anterior

part more like blue spot or blotches; margins of spinous dorsal n speckled black.

Sample Detail



Fishing areas: Open water of all large rivers and river mouth



Uses: Fresh, dried, mostly used as animal feed


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Plate 33:Datnioides quadrifaciatus. Four barred ger sh (ausmufig;0uf)

Plate 34:Lutjanus johnii. Mangrove red snapper (iacG;reD? irSwfxif)


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Family: Lobodae

Scienicname: Datnioides quadrifaciatus

Common name: Four-barred-ger-sh

Local name: Kyauk-nga-wet (ausmufig;0uf) (Plate 33)

Habitat and biology: Inhabit estuaries and coastal water. Voracious predator, Camouage as

oang leaves in shallow bank and dart prey. Aains size up to 30 cm.

Morphology: Body elevated and compressed; upper jaw protracble; operculum edge serrated;

mouth large; Every alternave dorsal spine thicken on one side; anal spines strong, 2nd is the

strongest.

Color: Olive-brown color, pale to downward, 8-10 dark brown paral bands on body; black spot

on operculum.

Sample Detail

Sampling site: Creek Dorahta and River Pykeseik Taung Maw


Fishing areas: Mangrove fringed creeks and rivulets


Local market price 600-750 kyat/kg

Ulizaon: Fresh, dried


Family: Lutjanidae

Sciencname: Lutjanus johnii

Common name: Johns snapper, Mangrove red snapper

Local name: Nga-khwae-ma-ne; Nga-hmat-hn (iacG;reD? irSwfxif) (Plate 34)

Habitat and biology: Demersal, prefer muddy or sandy mud boom. Young are found in mangrove

estuarine and brackish waters. Adult migrate to deep oshore to depths of 80 meters. Aains size

up to 120cm.

Morphology: Oblong to deep-bodied; moderately compressed; perch like sh; head prole slightly

convex; mouth large, terminal; teeth on jaws; pre-operculum margin serrated; single connuous

dorsal n with 9-12 spines and 7-10 branched rays; anal ns with 3 spines and 7-11 branched rays;

caudal n truncated.

Color: Body silvery pale-red or bronze with disnct spot on each scale forming a length-wise series

of dark streaks; large black spot present above lateral line at juncon of spinous and so parts of

dorsal n.

Sample Detail

Sampling site: Creek Nga Yet Kyi and the mouths of Rivers Zareik and Kaleain Taung


Fishing areas: Mouths of large rivers and creeks inside mangroves

Fishing gear: Boom stow net, Beach seine, Fence net, Boom long line



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Plate35:Lutjanus lutjanus. Bigeye snapper (a&Tig;? ig;v0g)

Plate 36:Liza parsia. Gold spot mullet (ubDvl; ? ig;uifnif;)


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Uses: Fresh, dried

Family: Lutjanidae

Sciencname: Lutjanus lutjanus

Common name: Big eye snapper

Local name: Shwe-ngar; Nga-la-war (a&Tig;? ig;v0g) (Plate 35)

Habitat and biology: Benthic, found in inshore water with sand or mud boom associated with

reefs and sandstones to depth of 60 meters; frequently occurs as large schools; migratory. Aains

size up to 30 cm.

Morphology: Oblong to deep-bodied; moderately compressed; eyes large; mouth large and

terminal; teeth on jaws; pre-operculum margin serrated; single connuous dorsal n with 9-12

spines and 7-10 branched so rays; anal ns with 3 spines and 7-11 branched so rays; dorsal, anal

and caudal ns with scale; caudal n truncated.

Color: Body usually golden brown, dusky white below; with yellow and dark-yellow horizontal line.

Sample Detail

Sampling site: Creek Nga Yet Kyi and the mouths of Rivers Zareik and Kaleain Tound


Fishing areas: Mouths of large rivers and creek and open mangrove waters



Uses: Fresh, dried

Family: Mugilidae

Sciencname: Liza parsia

Common name: Gold spot mullet

Local name: Ka-be-lu ; Nga-kin-nyin (ubDvl; ? ig;uifnif;) (Plate 36)

Habitat and biology: Inhabing coastal waters and estuaries over muddy boom; adaptable to

great changes of salinity; spawn at sea, the young enter nursery areas, estuaries at about water

about 1-1.5 cm. Aains size up to 90 cm

Morphology: Body usually robust, elongated; head wide and aened; mouth small; two dorsal

n , 1st dorsal n with 4 spines, 2nd dorsal n with one spine; pectoral n high on body; Anal n

with 3 spines and 9 soy rays.

Color: Body olive-green on back; silvery on anks; shading to white below; a golden spot on

operculum; dorsal and caudal n with dusky margin, caudal n shallow forked.

Sample Detail

Sampling site: Creek Hmoe Hin Toung and the River Kaleain Tound


Fishing area: Open water in large rivers and creek.

Fishing gear: Surface stow net, Beach seine, Fence net, Hook and line


Uses: Fresh, dried


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Plate37:Upeneus sulphureus. Sulphur goaish (MudK;0g? ig;rkwfqdwf)

Plate 38:Upeneus assymetricus. Striped goaish (ig;aMu;Murf;)


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Family: Mullidae

Sciencname: Upeneus sulphureus

Common name: Sulphur goaish

Local name: Kyo-war; Nga-moat-seik (MudK;0g? ig;rkwfqdwf) (Plate 37)

Habitat and biology: Demersal; inhabit coastal waters; prefers muddy boom and estuaries. Feed

on worms and small crustaceans in so boom. Aains size up to 23 cm

Morphology: Body moderately elongates; chin with a pair of slander barbels; 7-8 spines in 1st

dorsal n, 1 spine in 2nd dorsal n; tail forked.

Color: Back greenish moled with bronze, silvery white on ank with two yellow narrow stripes;

Dorsal n with three yellowish brown stripes; no stripes on caudal n.

Sample Detail

Sampling sites: Creek Hmoe Hin Toung and the River Kaleain Tound


Fishing areas: Large Rivers and creeks inside mangroves


Local market price: Fresh 600- 900 kyat/kg

Uses: Fresh, value added dried

Family: Mullidae

Sciencname: Upeneus assymetricus

Common name: Striped goaish

Local name: Nga kyae gung ; Kyo war (ig;aMu;Murf; ? MudK;0g) (Plate 38)

Habitat and biology: Demersal, common in coastal areas and in estuaries; Aains size up to 13 cm

Morphology: Body oblong, slightly compressed; under side of head and belly at; two eshy

barbels on chin; head blunt; two dorsal ns widely separated and stripped, rst dorsal n ray

longest; ventral n with auxiliary scale; caudal n forked.

Color: Gold band from eye to caudal peduncle; dorsal, ventral and anal ns white crossed by 3-4

orange to oblique bands; caudal n lobes crossed by 4-5 crimson bands pped with dark brown;

ventral side pale or dusky.

Sample Detail

Sampling sites Mouth of River Kyaung poke


Fishing sites: River mouths and open waters of large rivers and creeks with

mangroves



Uses: Fresh, value added dried


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Plate 39:Congresox talabon. Yellow pike conger (ig;a&T? oifaygif;xdk;)

Plate 40:Nemipterus peronii. Thread n bream (a&Tig;)


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Family: Muraenisocidae

Sciencname: Congresox talabon

Common name: Yellow pike conger

Local name: Nga-shwe ; Thin-baun-htoe (ig;a&T? oifaygif;xdk;) (Plate 39)

Habitat and biology: Demersal, benthic on so substrata; marine also found in coastal estuaries

with mud boom to 100 meter depths. Nocturnal, feed on invertebrate and crustaceans. Aains

size up to 80 cm.

Morphology: Body robust and eel shaped, mouth very large, upper jaw well behind eye; dorsal n

inserted before gill-opening; pectoral n relavely large and long, lateral line pores before level

of anus; dorsal, caudal and anal ns are conuences; dorsal n origin over or before pectoral n

origin.

Color: Head and body yellow; nged with bronze, white below; dorsal and anal n with narrow

black edges.

Sample Detail

Sampling sites: Mouths of Rivers Kathoung and Kalein Toung


Fishing sites: All along the mouths of large rivers and creek.

Fishing gear: Boom stow net, Beach seine, Boom long line


Uses: Fresh, dried, smoked

Family: Nemipteridae

Sciencname: Nemipterus peronii

Common name: Threadn bream

Local name: Shwe-ngar (a&Tig;) (Plate 40)

Habitat: Demersal, benthic. Common in the coastal estuarine and marine water; prefer muddy

and sandy boom. Aains size up to 28 cm.

Morphology: Body elongated; slightly compressed; mouth terminal with teeth; eye large; single

dorsal n with 10 spines and 9 rays; anal n 3 spines and 7 rays; pectoral n 14-19rays; ventral n

with auxiliary scales; caudal n forked.

Color: Body rosy above; silvery white below; 8-9 faint brownish blotches along the back; dorsal n

rosy with orange margin; p of spine scarlet; anal and ventral n white; caudal n dark pink with

white lower edge.

Sample Detail

Sampling sites: Mouths of Rivers Kyaung Poke, Kathoung and Kalein Toung


Fishing sites: Large rivers and creeks inside mangroves

Fishing gear: Boom stow net, Beach seine


Uses:Fresh, value added dried


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Plate 41:Scolopsis vosmeri. White cheek bream (a&Tig;? ausmufig;ajyr)

Plate 42:Platycephalus indicus. Bartailed athead (ig;qifeif;? ig;acgif;jym;)


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Note: High export potenal

Family: Nemipteridae

Sciencname: Scolopsis vosmeri

Common name: White cheek bream

Local name: Shwe-ngar; Kyauk-nga-byae-ma (a&Tig;? ausmufig;ajyr) (Plate 41)

Habitat and biology: Benthic, found in inshore water with sand or mud boom close to the reef.

Aains size up to 16cm.

Morphology: Body elongate, moderately deep, compressed. A single dorsal n, with 10 spines

and 9 so rays; anal n with 3 spines and 7 so rays; pectoral n with 2 unbranched and 12 to 17

branched rays; pelvic n with 1 spine and 5 rays; caudal n emarginated.

Color: Brownish with a reddish-purple nge; a broad white vercal bar from top of head onto

opercle; a whish horizontal stripe from edge of opercle to below so part of dorsal n; scales on

sides with dark spots; opercular membrane blood-red; ns grayish, nged red.

Sample Detail

Sampling sites: Mouth of River Pyke Seik Toung Maw

Size range: 10-16 cm

Fishing sites: River mouth of Kathoung, Zareik, Kalein Toung, Pyeikseiktoung Maw.

Fishing gear: Beach seine, Stow net, Boom long line

Local market prices: Fresh 600-850 kyat / kg

Uses: Fresh, dried

Family: Platycephalidae

Sciencname: Platycephalus indicus

Comon name: Bartailed athead

Local name: Nga-sin-nin, Nga-goung-pyar (ig;qifeif; ? ig;acgif;jym;) (Plate 42)

Habitat and biology: Benthic; shallow coastal with muddy boom, mangrove estuarine,

Maximum size aains up to 100 cm.

Morphology: Body elongate depressed anteriorly; subcylidrical and tapered posteriorly; head

depressed with spiny ridges and serrated; mouth large; Two dorsal ns, 1st dorsal n with

6-11spines, 2nd with 11-14 rays; anal n without spine.

Color: Brownish or grayish above, whish below. Two or three horizontal stripes presents on

caudal n.

Sample Detail

Sampling site: Mouth of Zareik River


Fishing sites: Open mangrove waters and large rivers inside mangroves



Uses: Fresh, dried


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Plate 43: Plotosus canius. Gray eel caish (yifv,fig;cl)

Plate 44:Eleuthronema tetradactylum. Four nger thread n (ig;w&m;? ig;wa,m)


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Family: Plotosidae

Sciencname: Plotosus canius

Common name: Gray eel caish

Local name : Pin-lae-nga-khu (yifv,fig;cl) (Plate 43)

Habitat and biology: Demersal, common coastal estuaries and dal reaches of the large rivers.


Morphology: Body elongate, torpedo-shaped, scale less; head moderately large, its prole straight

from p of snout to dorsal n; barbels 4 pairs, nasal barbell extends well behind eyes ; maxillary

barbels extending to bases of pectoral ns. Eyes small, 1st spines of dorsal and pectoral n serrated;

anal n conuent with caudal n and extending around p of tail behind dorsal n; caudal n

pointed.

Color: Dark olive-green over head and body; below soil creamy brown; barbel grey; ns grey; 1st

dorsal n and pectoral ns darker.

Sample Detail

Sampling site: Creek Ngan Khan and River Zareik


Fishing sites: Open mangrove waters with muddy boom and river mouths and

along the coastline


Local market price: Fresh 900 1500 kyat/kg

Uses: Fresh

Family: Polynemidae

Sciencname: Eleuthronema tetradactylum

Common name: Four nger thread n

Local name: Nga-ta-yar (ig;w&m;? ig;wa,m) (Plate 44)

Habitat and biology: Demersal, inhabit shallow coastal water with mud banks, muddy or sandy.

Also found in marine water. Aains size up to 200 cm.

Morphology: Body elongate and slightly compressed; snout prominent and projecng; eyes large;

mouth large, sub-terminal with small teeth. Two dorsal ns, 1st with 7-8 spines; anal n with 2-

spines and 15-17 rays; pectoral n with 4 free lamentous rays; caudal n forked.

Color: Silvery- green above; yellowish white on sides and belly; dorsal and caudal ns yellowish

with dusky edges; anal and pelvic ns orange; pectoral lamentous rays white.

Sample Detail

Sampling site: Creek Mouth of Nga Pa Thone and River Wunbaik


Fishing sites: Rivers and creeks inside mangroves converging into the sea


Local market prices: Fresh 600-900 kyat/kg

Uses:Fresh, salted, dried


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Plate45:Pomacanthus annularis. Angel sh (ig;vdyfjym)

Plate 46:Abudefduf saxalis. Damsel sh (ausmufig;? ig;Mum;r)


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Family: Pomacanthidae

Sciencname: Pomacanthus annularis

Common name: Angel sh

Local name: Nga-leik-pyar (ig;vdyfjym) (Plate 45)

Habitat and biology: Benthic, common in the coastal estuarine to marine water. Aains size up to

30 cm.

Morphology: Body deep oval and compressed; mouth small with slender teeth; pre operculum

with strong spine and angle; rayed secon of vercal ns higher than spiny secon; caudal n

slightly emarginated.

Color: Body dark orange-brown; disnct brown edged dark blue stripes across body, two horizontal

below eye, 6-7 on body curving upward to so dorsal n; blue ring at lateral line origin, ns with

blue stripes, caudal n white with yellow margin.

Sample Detail



Fishing sites: Large rivers and creeks inside mangroves

Fishing gear: Boom stow net, Fence net, Boom long line


Uses: Fresh


Family: Pomacentridae

Sciencname: Abudefduf saxalis

Common name: Coral sh, Damselsh

Local name: Kyauk-ngar; Nga-kyarr-ma (ausmufig;? ig;Mum;r) (Plate 46)

Habitat and biology: Benthic, common in the coastal and estuaries with water depth less than 20

m. Aains size up to 17 cm.

Morphology: Body ovate and compressed; mouth small, teeth ne, scales usually onto ns; lateral

line two parts, upper end below so dorsal n, lower end on caudal peduncle; connuous dorsal

n with 13 spines and 12-13 so rays, ps of caudal rounded.

Color: Five broad vercal bars across the body; yellowish anks.

Sample Detail

Sampling site: Mouth of the River Kyaung Poke


Fishing sites: Open waters of large creeks and rivers inside mangroves

Fishing gear: Stow net, Beach seine, Fence net

Local market price: Fresh 600- 900 kyat/kg

Ulizaon: Fresh

Note: Potenal ornamental sh


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Plate 47:Abudefdufsp. Sergeant major (ausmufig;? ig;Mum;r)

Plate 48:Illisha megaloptera. Big eye illisha (rsufqHus,f)


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Family: Pomacentridae

Sciencname: Abudefdufsp.

Common name: Sergeant major

Local name: Kyauk-ngar, Nga-kyarr-ma (ausmufig;? ig;Mum;r)(Plate 47)

Habitat and biology: Benthic, common in the coastal and estuaries with water depth less than 20

m. Aains size up to 15 cm.

Morphology: Body ovate and compressed; mouth small, teeth ne, scales usually onto ns; lateral

line two parts, upper end below so dorsal n, lower end on caudal peduncle; connuous dorsal

n with 13 spines and 14-15 so rays; anal n with 2 spines and 13-15 so rays; ps of caudal n

rounded.

Color: Six broad vercal broad bars across the body, last one at caudal peduncle; yellowish

anks.

Sample Detail

Sampling site: Mouth of the River Kyaung Poke


Fishing sites: Open waters of large rivers, creek and rivulets converging into the sea



Uses: Fresh

Note: Potenal ornamental sh

Family: Prisgesteridae

Sciencname: Illisha megaloptera

Common name: Big eye illisha

Local name: Myat-san-kyae (rsufqHus,f) (Plate 48)

Habitat, and biology: Demersal, found in freshwater, in coastal and in marine waters, Aains size

up to 28 cm. Plankton feeder

Morphology: Body elongate and fairy deep; belly with 30-34 scutes; eyes large. Dorsal n inserted

nearly mid point of body; anal n origin below hind part of dorsal n base; pelvic n small; pectoral

n long; caudal n forked.

Color: Dorsal prole dark; upper ank light brown; pectoral n rays marginally pped with black

spot; n rays pigmented dark toward their ps; remaining rays hyaline; anal margin black, caudal

n dusted with dark pigment.

Sample Detail

Sampling site Kaleain Taung River Mouth


Fishing sites: Open waters of mangrove fringed river mouths and creeks

Fishing gear: Surface stow net, Dri gill net

Local market price: Fresh 300-600 kyat/kg (Fresh)

Uses: Fresh, salted


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Plate 49:Pseodes erumei. Indian spiny turbot (ig;vufudkuf)

Plate50:Scatophagus argus. Spoed scat (ig;yokef? ig;cuf)


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Family: Pseodidae

Sciencname: Pseodes erumei

Common name: Indian spiny turbot

Local name : Nga-let-kaik (ig;vufudkuf) (Plate 49)

Habitat and biology: Marine coastal water to depths of 25 meters, burrow in mud, acve at night.


Morphology: Body oval and strongly depressed; head symmetrical; mouth large with strong teeth;

upper eye near dorsal prole and in front of lower eye; dorsal and anal ns long, free from caudal

n, caudal n truncate.

Color: Eye side plain brown or dark green with broad cross band and scaered white spots; white

edge on caudal n.

Sample Detail

Sample site: Mouth of the River Zareik

Size range: 12-15 cm

Fishing sites: Creeks and rivers with muddy boom and fringed mangroves

Fishing gear: Beach seine, Stow net

Local market price: Fresh 600-750 /kg fresh

Uses: Fresh, dried

Family: Scatophagidae

Sciencname: Scatophagus argus

Common name: Spoed scat

Local name: Nga-pathown ; Nga-khet (ig;yokef? ig;cuf) (Plate 50)

Habitat and biology: School of juveniles commonly found in marine to coastal estuarine waters.

Prefer mud or sandy boom. Depth range 1-4 meters. Aains size up to 28 cm.

Morphology: Body disc shaped, quadrangular; strongly compressed. Snout and inter-orbital apace

rounded. Mouth small and not protracle; teeth brush-li

deiva oswin stanley, 2011, fishery resources of wunbaik reserved mangrove forest, myanmar

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