delegates from japan

11

DELEGATES FROM JAPAN

SOUTHERN REGIONAL LOAD DESPATCH CENTRE

2

INDIA POLITICAL MAPPOPULATION :- 103 CRORES

AREA :- 3,419 (‘000 SQ KM)

STATES :- 29

UT :- 6

BIGGEST CITY :- MUMBAI

WE ARE HEREGARDEN CITY

SILICON VALLY

3

SOUTHERN REGION

WESTERNREGION

EASTERN REGION

NORTHERN REGION

NORTH-EASTERN REGION

INSTALLED CAPACITY

NORTHERN :- 31,230 MW

EASTERN :- 17,697 MW

SOUTHERN :- 31,931 MW

WESTERN :- 32,354 MW

NORTH-EASTERN :- 2,357 MW

TOTAL 115,569 MW

REGIONAL GRIDS

4

SOUTHERN REGION

WESTERNREGION

EASTERN REGION

NORTHERN REGION


‘ ELECTRICAL’

REGIONS1

2

3

SAME FREQUENCY FROM GUJARAT TO ARUNACHAL PRADESH WITH EFFECT FROM MARCH 2003

ABOUT 2800 KMS! APART

5

SOUTHERN REGION

WESTERNREGION

EASTERN REGION

NORTHERN REGION


‘ELECTRICAL’

REGIONS

1

2

WITH THE COMMISSIONING OF THE TALA PROJECT CONNECTING THE EASTERN AND NORTHERN GRIDS, INDIA WILL HAVE ONLY TWO GRIDS

6

SOUTHERN REGION – GEOGRAPHY

ANDHRA PRADESH

TAMIL NADU

KARNATAKA

KE

RA

LA

POPULATION :- 22.5 CRORES ( 22% OF INDIA)

AREA :- 651 (‘000 SQ KM)(19% OF INDIA)

INSTALLED CAPACITY:- 31,931 MW(27.6%)

WEATHER :- South-west monsoon

North-east monsoon

SEA COAST :- AROUND 4000 KM

7

ANDHRA PRADESH

POPULATION :- 7.6 CRORES

AREA :- 275 (‘000 SQ KM)

NO OF CONSUMERS :- 162 LAKHS

PER CAPITA CONS. :- 560 UNITS

MAIN AGRICULTURE CROP :- RICE

CLIMATIC CONDITION :- HOT AND HOT & HUMID

SR STATES – GEOGRAPHYKARNATAKA


AREA :- 192 (‘000 SQ KM)



MAIN AGRICULTURE CROP :- COFFEE & RAGI


KERALA


AREA :- 39 (‘000 SQ KM)



MAIN AGRICULTURE CROP :- COCONUT & SPICES

CLIMATIC CONDITION :- HUMID

TAMIL NADU


AREA :- 130 (‘000 SQ KM)



MAIN AGRICULTURE CROP :- SUGAR CANE & OIL SEEDS


PONDICHERRY

POPULATION :- 9.7 LAKHS

AREA :- 492 SQ KM


CLIMATIC CONDITION :- HOT & HUMID

8

SR STATES – POWER SYSTEM STATISTICSANDHRA PRADESH

INSTALLED CAPACITY – 9531 MW

MAX DEMAND MET – 7441 MW

DAILY CONSUMPTION MAX – 166 MU

DAILY CONSUMPTION AVG – 130 MU

CONSUMER PROFILE –

DOM INDU AGRI COMML OTHERS

22% 29% 34% 5% 10% .

KARNATAKAINSTALLED CAPACITY – 5802 MW






37% 26% 33% 3% 1% .

KERALAINSTALLED CAPACITY – 2617 MW





DOM INDU AGRI COMML

76% 2% 6% 16%.

TAMIL NADUINSTALLED CAPACITY – 7074 MW






21% 33% 27% 9% 10% .

9

GROWTH OF INSTALLED CAPACITY OF SR

1947

5

1983

0

2030

4

2129

8

2213

3

2298

3

2417

3 2616

3 2850

1

2952

6

10000

12000

14000

16000

18000

20000

22000

24000

26000

28000

30000

1994-95 1995-96 1996-97 1997-98 1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04

YEARS --->

IN MW

10

INSTALLED CAPACITY IN SR

STATES HYDRO THERMAL NUCLEARDIESEL/

GAS WIND OTHERS TOTAL %

AP 3586 2993 272 2 6853 21%

KAR 3166 1470 128 5 4769 15%

KER 1808 235 2043 6%

TN 1996 3570 423 19 6008 19%

C.S 6990 830 360 8180 26%

IPP 229 794 0 2432 245 377 4078 13%

TOTAL 10785 15817 830 3851 271 377 31931

% 34% 50% 3% 12% 1% 1%

NOTE:- --- TAMILNADU HAS ABOUT 1344 MW OF WINDMILL POWER WHICH IS NOT INCLUDED IN THE INSTALLED CAPACITY.

--- LIKEWISE MICRO AND CAPTIVE CAPACITIES ARE NOT INCLUDED

11

15817 (50%)

10785 (34%)377 (1%)

830 (3%)271 (0.8%)

3851 (12%)

HYDRO THERMAL GAS WIND NUCLEAR OTHERS

SOURCE-WISE INSTALLED CAPACITY OF SR IN MW

31,931 MW

HYDRO

THERMAL

WIND

NUCLEAR OTHERS

GAS

12

4769 (15%)

6853 (21%)4078 (13%)

8180 (26%)

6008 (18.8%)

2043 (6%)

AP KAR KER TN CS IPP

AGENCY-WISE INSTALLED CAPACITY OF SRIN MW31,931 MW

ANDHRA PRADESH

KARNATAKA

TAMIL NADU

CENTRAL SECTOR

IPP

KERALA

13

13000

14000

15000

16000

17000

18000

19000

20000

21000

22000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

TIME IN HRS --->

DE

MA

ND

IN

MW

---

>

MONSOON SUMMER WINTER

TYPICAL LOAD CURVE OF SR

WINTER

MONSOON

SUMMER

EVENING PEAK

WEATHER

RESERVOIR CONSUMPTION SCROLL DEMAND

14

6%

23%4%

37%

30%

Domestic Commercial Agriculture Industry Others

LOAD COMPOSITION IN SOUTHERN GRID Domestic

IndustryCommercial

Agriculture

Others

15

LOAD 500-1200 MW

LOAD 200-500 MW

TYPICAL

LOAD

SPREAD

IN SR

16

SR GRID - HIGHLIGHTS

• WIDE SPREAD TRANSMISSION NETWORK

• HIGHEST CAPACITY HVDC LINK IN COUNTRY

• GENERATING UNITS OF VARIED TYPE & CAPACITY

• 32 Nos. of 400 KV SUB-STATIONS

• 17600 MVA TRANSFORMATION CAPACITY

• INTER-REGIONAL LINKS WITH ALL NEIGHBOURING

REGIONS

17

GRID OPERATION – TYPICAL PROBLEMS

• LOW FREQUENCY PROBLEMS– FREQUENCY EXCURSES TO LOW VALUES

• LOW VOLTAGE OPERATION– VOLTAGE AT EHV GRID LEVEL DIPPES TO

CRITICALL LOW LEVELS• SYSTEM BROWNOUTS / BLACK OUTS

– LOADS FREQUENTLY CUT OFF DUE TO RELAY OPERATION

• INCREASED ELECTRICAL LOSSES– INEFFICIENT OPERATION OF ELECTRIC

EQUIPMENTS

18

GRID OPERATION PRESENT

STABILISED SYSTEM FREQUENCY

IMPROVED VOLTAGES

MERIT ORDER OPERATION

INTER REGIONAL EXCHANGES

IMPROVED GRID SECURITY

JAN - 02 OCT - 04

19

LANDMARKS

• UNIFIED LOAD DESPATCH SCHEME

• AVAILABILITY BASED TARIFF

• TALCHER-KOLAR HVDC LINK

• OPERATIONAL EXCELLENCE

• SPECIFIC ACTIONS BY SRLDC

• FINANCIAL DISCIPLINE

SCHD DRWL

21

MONSOONS

SOUTH WEST MONSOON NORTH EAST

MONSOON

KHAMMAM

VIJAYAWADANAGARJUNASAGAR

VISAKHAPATNAM

(POWERGRID)HYDERABAD

RAICHUR

GOOTY

HOODY

SALEM

UDUMALPET

TRICHUR

MADURAI

TRICHY

MADRAS

NEYVELI

CUDDAPAHDAVANAGERE

KAIGA

115

317

RSTPP

BHADRAVATI

130x216

4x2

182

151

181

173

302

308172

277

279

155

178x

2

PONDICHERY

BANGALORE

SIRSI

MUNIRABAD

PP

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

PP

P

P

N

KOLAR

PALLOM

KAYANKULAMEDAMON

TALCHER

JEYPORE

63

187

2x78

2x221

54

HOSUR

KADRA

KODASAALY

Nagjhari

1

120

60

MAPS

P

SSLMM

MMDP

THIRUVANATHAPURAM

ALMATHI

NELLORE

400 KV LINE PRESENTLY

OPERATED AT 220 KV

NELAMANGALA

KURNOOL

GAZUWAKA(AP)

SIMHADRI NTPC

HIRIYUR

189

195

267x

2

258

242

175

179

127

130x

2

221x2

146x252x2

197x2

301x2

8x4

15x2

300

28

330

ABOUT 12000 CKM

400KV TRANSMISSION

TALGUPPA

GRID MAP

TYPICAL FLOWS ARE FROM NORTH TO SOUTH

GRID FOCAL POINT SHIFTED TO KOLAR AFTER COMMISSIONING OF HVDC

QUANTUM CHANGES IN FLOW PATTERN LIKELY AFTER COMMISSIONING OF KOODANKULAM 2000 MW

KOODANKULAM

THIRNELVALI

23

TRANSMISSION IN SOUTHERN TRANSMISSION IN SOUTHERN INDIAINDIA

ABOUT 2800 CKM OF 400 KV LINES ADDED IN THE PAST 2 YEARS

VOLTAGE LEVEL AP KAR KER TN CGS TOTAL

400 KV 2042 1614 8462 12118

220/230 KV 10050 7590 2650 6270 366 26926

132/110 KV 12360 6060 3720 10220 32360

TOTAL 24452 15264 6370 16490 8828 71404

24

Kolar

Chintamani

Cudappah

HoodyHosur

Salem

Udumalpet

Madras B’lore

+/- 500 KV DC line 1370 KM

ElectrodeStation

ElectrodeStation

TALCHER

400kv System

220kv system

KOLAR

TALCHER KOLAR TALCHER KOLAR SCHEMATICSCHEMATIC

GENERATING UNITS IN SOUTHERN REGION

A.PKAR

TNKERGENERATORS ABOVE 1000 MW

GENERATORS 500 – 1000 MW

GENERATORS BELOW 500 MW

TYPICAL

GENERATOR

SPREAD

IN SR

UNIT CAPACITY AP KAR KER TN CGS TOTAL

THERMAL (500 MW) 2 7 9

THERMAL

(200-250 MW)10 7 13 15 45

GAS/THERMAL

(100-150 MW)9 2 3 10 24

HYDRO

(>50 MW)27 27 16 15 85

TOTAL 48 36 19 38 163

- HYDRO

- THERMAL

- GAS / NAPTHA

- NUCLEAR

KHAMMAM

VIJAYAWADANAGARJUNASAGAR

GAZUWAKA

HYDERABAD

RAICHUR

GOOTY

HOODY

SALEM

UDUMALPET

TRICHUR

MADURAI

TRICHY

MADRAS

NEYVELI

CUDDAPAH

DAVANAGERE

RAMAGUNDAM

BANGALORE

MUNIRABAD

PP

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

PP

P

P

KOLAR

63

HOSUR

1

60

P

NELLORE

NELAMANGALA

KURNOOL

KALPAKKA

SIMHADRI

HIRIYUR

TALAGUPPA

MAMIDIPALLY

SRI SAILAM

-- OF NTPC

-- OF ANDHRA PRADESH

-- OF KARNATAKA

-- OF NLC

-- OF POWERGRID

400KV SUB-STATIONS IN SR

NEYVELI TPS I (EXP)

POWERGRID STATE OTHERS TOTAL

AP 8 4 2 14

KAR 4 5 9

KER 1 1

TN 6 2 8

TOTAL 19 9 4 32

28

ICT SUMMARY IN SOUTHERN ICT SUMMARY IN SOUTHERN INDIAINDIA

VOLTAGE RATIO AP KAR KER TN CGS TOTAL

400/230 or 400/220 KV 7 7 2 5 29 50

400/132 or 400/110 KV --- --- --- 3 2 5

TOTAL 7 7 2 8 31 55

29POWERGRID SRLDC

A.P

KAR

T.N

KER

MAH

ORISSA

RAMAGUNDAM

NEYVELI

MAPS

GOA

PONDICHERRY

CHANDRAPUR

JEYPORE

GAZUWAKA

KOLHAPUR

BELGAUM

U.SILERUL.SILERU

BALIMELA

BARSUR

CSEB

AMBEWADI

INTER REGIONAL LINKSINTER REGIONAL LINKS

HVDC BI POLEHVDC B2B STATION

CENTRAL GEN.STATION

220 kV LINE

400 kV LINE

110 kV HVDC LINE

KOLAR

TALCHAR

KAIGA

Inter Regional Links

Present IR CapacityPresent IR Capacity= 9,000 MW= 9,000 MW

700 MW700 MW

1200MW1200MW

2000MW2000MW

700 MW700 MW

900 MW900 MW30,500 MW

16,000

32,700 MW

30,500 MW

2300

1850 MW1850 MW

1650 MW1650 MW

31

13450 MW

1000 MW6450 MW

4600 MW

1300 MW3200 MW

30,000 MW OF INTER-REGIONAL POWER BY 2012

EASTERN REGION

SOUTHERN REGION

WESTERNREGION

NORTHERN REGION


INTER-REGIONAL TRANSFER BY INTER-REGIONAL TRANSFER BY END OF 11END OF 11thth PLAN (2012) PLAN (2012)

32

STABILISED SYSTEM FREQUENCY

• TYPICAL FREQUENCY CURVE

• SCATTER DIAGRAM

• HISTOGRAM OF FREQUENCY

• FREQUENCY DURATION CURVE

• Df/dT CURVE

• RECORD FVI OF 0.04

33

47.50

48.00

48.50

49.00

49.50

50.00

50.50

51.00

25 26 27 28 29 30 31

DAYS ----->

FR

EQ

UE

NC

Y IN

HZ

---

->FREQUENCY PROFILE

2002, 2003 & 2004

34

FREQUENCY DURATION CURVE AUG TO OCT 04, 03 & 02

47.50

48.00

48.50

49.00

49.50

50.00

50.50

51.00

1 1117 2233 3349 4465 5581 6697 7813 8929 10045 11161 12277 13393 14509 15625 16741 17857 18973 20089 21205

% OF TIME --->

FR

EQ

UE

NC

Y IN

HZ

---

>

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

2004

2003

<49.049.0 & <49.5

49.5 & <50.5

50.5 & Above

Max Min Avg FVI St. Dev

2004 0.03 1.46 98.28 0.23 50.82 48.62 49.95 0.31 0.12

2003 0.17 8.32 90.66 0.85 50.85 48.60 49.81 0.95 0.18

2002 73.62 12.45 12.84 1.09 51.08 47.69 48.63 23.59 0.44

2002

35

320

330

340

350

360

370

380

390

400

410

42000

:05

01:0

5

02:0

5

03:0

5

04:0

5

05:0

5

06:0

5

07:0

5

08:0

5

09:0

5

10:0

5

11:0

5

12:0

5

13:0

5

14:0

5

15:0

5

16:0

5

17:0

5

18:0

5

19:0

5

20:0

5

21:0

5

22:0

5

23:0

5

TIME IN HRS --->

VO

LT

AG

E IN

KV

---

>

REALITY BITE:

FARMERS IN KARNATAKA ARE HAPPY WITH FEWER HOURS OF QUALITY POWER!!.

EFFICIENCY OF PUMPS AT TG HALLI WATER WORKS IMPROVED!

COMPARISION OF BANGALORE VOLTAGE-TYPICAL DAY

BETTER VOLTAGE PROFILE MEANS LESS ELECTRICAL LOSSES

36

WATER SUPPLY TO BANGALORE

LOW VOLTAGE PROBLEMS AROUND BANGALORE HAMPERED WATER SUPPLY EARLIER

WITH BETTER VOLTAGE NOW, PUMPING EFFICIENCY HAS IMPROVED

400 KV STATION AT MYSORE BEING COMMISSIONED ON WAR FOOTING TO FURTHER FORTIFY THIS PART OF THE GRID

PUMPING LOSSES REDUCED

ENORMOUS SAVINGS TO THE STATE

MOTOR BURNING AND MAINTENANCE COSTS ALSO CAME DOWN DRASTICALLY

37

VARIABLE COST(Ps) OF POWER STATION IN SR AS ON JUNE 2004

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

18000P

ON

DY

PC

L (3

2.5

MW

)(19

.61

PS

)

NE

YV

ELI

-II S

TG

1 *

*(63

0 M

W)(

67.9

9 P

S)

KO

VIL

KA

LAP

PA

L *(

105

MW

)(68

PS

)

JEG

UR

UP

AD

U (

GA

S)(

216

MW

)(82

PS

)

SP

EC

TR

UM

(G

AS

)(20

8 M

W)(

83 P

S)

VIJ

JES

WA

RA

M -

I(10

0 M

W)(

84 P

S)

VIJ

JES

WA

RA

M -

II(17

2.5

MW

)(86

PS

)

B S

E S

(A

P)(

GA

S)(

140

MW

)(87

PS

)

RE

INS

CA

LCIN

ING

LT

D.(

41 M

W)(

90 P

S)

RA

MA

GU

ND

AM

(210

0 M

W)(

90 P

S)

LAN

CO

(350

MW

)(91

.48

PS

)

NE

YV

ELI

-II S

TG

-II *

*(84

0 M

W)(

94.6

1 P

S)

SIM

HA

DR

I(10

00 M

W)(

96 P

S)

RA

MA

GU

ND

AM

-B(6

2.5

MW

)(96

PS

)

VIJ

AY

AW

AD

A T

.P.S

.-1&

2(10

50 M

W)(

101

PS

)

VIJ

AY

AW

AD

A T

.P.S

.-3(

210

MW

)(10

1 P

S)

KO

TH

AG

UD

EM

(B)(

210

MW

)(10

8 P

S)

RA

ICH

UR

.T.P

S. *

*(12

60 M

W)(

110

PS

)

KO

TH

AG

UD

EM

(A)(

240

MW

)(11

0 P

S)

KO

TH

AG

UD

EM

(C)(

220

MW

)(12

3.1

PS

)

KO

TH

AG

UD

EM

(D)(

500

MW

)(12

4 P

S)

RA

YA

LAS

EE

MA

TP

P(4

20 M

W)(

126

PS

)

NO

RT

H M

AD

RA

S.T

.P.S

(630

MW

)(13

0.98

PS

)

TU

TU

CO

RIN

.T.P

.S(1

050

MW

)(13

3.5

PS

)

ME

TT

UR

.T.P

.S(8

40 M

W)(

150

PS

)

V S

P *

(120

MW

)(16

9.11

PS

)

ST

-CM

S(2

50 M

W)(

171

PS

)

NE

YV

ELI

-I(6

00 M

W)(

185.

86 P

S)

EN

NO

RE

.T.P

.S(4

50 M

W)(

190.

2 P

S)

L V

S(3

7.8

MW

)(20

0 P

S)

YE

LEH

AN

KA

DE

ISE

L(12

7.92

MW

)(20

3.36

PS

)

NA

VB

HA

RA

T(3

5 M

W)(

205

PS

)

BR

AH

MA

PU

AM

D P

P(1

06.5

MW

)(21

4 P

S)

NE

LLO

RE

(30

MW

)(22

5 P

S)

B S

E S

(K

ER

ALA

)(16

5.5

MW

)(22

5 P

S)

TH

AN

NE

ER

BA

VI(

235

MW

)(22

8 P

S)

JIN

DA

L(26

0 M

W)(

247

PS

)

BA

LAJI

(SA

MA

YA

NA

LLU

R)(

105

MW

)(24

7 P

S)

KO

ZH

IKO

DE

DP

P(1

28.8

MW

)(25

0 P

S)

GM

R V

AS

AV

I(19

6 M

W)(

254

PS

)

SA

MA

LPA

TT

Y IP

P(1

05 M

W)(

263

PS

)

TA

TA

DE

ISE

L(81

.3 M

W)(

280

PS

)

KA

YA

MK

ULA

M N

TP

C(3

50 M

W)(

290

PS

)

KA

SA

RG

OD

P C

L(2

1 M

W)(

300

PS

)

RA

YA

LAS

EE

MA

(37.

8 M

W)(

330

PS

)

PP

NA

LLU

R(3

30.5

MW

)(41

5 P

S)

BA

SIN

BR

IDG

E(1

20 M

W)(

468

PS

)

CU

MU

LA

TIV

E IN

ST

AL

LE

D C

AP

AC

ITY

IN M

W

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

VA

RIA

BL

E C

OS

T IN

Ps/

UN

IT

VARIABLE COST

CUMULATIVEINSTALLE

ABOUT 7000 MW OF CAPACITY IS BELOW 100 Ps

ABOUT14200 MW OF CAPACITY IS BELOW 200 Ps

ABOUT 16000 MW OF CAPACITY IS BELOW 300 Ps

CUM. INS. CAP.

39

MERIT ORDER : UNITS BOXED UP

POWER STATION STATE CAPACITY(MW) FUELVARIABLE

COST

TATA DIESELKARNATAK

A 79 DIESEL 308

RAYALSEEMA DGPP

KARNATAKA 27 DIESEL 360

YELEHANKA DIESEL

KARNATAKA 128 DIESEL 314

THANRBHAVIKARNATAK

A 220 NAPTHA 325

SUB-TOTAL 454

BRAHAMPURAM DPP KERALA 107 DIESEL 275

BSES KERALA 157 NAPTHA 308

KASARGODE PCL KERALA 22 NAPTHA 298

KAYAMKULAM KERALA 360 NAPTHA 322

SUB-TOTAL 646

BASIN BRIDGETAMIL NADU 120 NAPTHA 584

P.P.NALLURTAMIL NADU 330 NAPTHA 415

SUB-TOTAL 450

TOTAL 1550

40

Growth Of Inter Regional Energy Exchanges

73508230

9730

13000

22500

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

1999-2000 2000-2001 2001-2002 2002-2003 2003-2004

Year

To

tal M

U D

uri

ng

Th

e Y

ear

IR Energy Exchanges

41

(+) IMPORT / (-) EXPORT

• INTER REGIONAL UI (WR):- +357 MU – 211 MU• INTER REGIONAL UI (ER):- +693 MU – 21 MU• AVG RATE OF IMPORT FROM WR IN PS/U

– 134 PS/U @WR– 247 PS/U @SR

• AVG RATE OF EXPORT TO WR IN PS/U– 163 PS/U @SR– 287 PS/U @WR

• AVG RATE OF IMPORT FROM ER IN PS/U– 145 PS/U @ ER– 212 PS/U @ SR

INTER – REGIONAL(01/01/03 TO 10/10/04)

42

MAJOR AND MINOR DISTURBANCES SINCE 1994

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10N

UM

BE

R O

F D

IST

UR

BA

NC

ES

---

----

->

1994

-95

1995

-96

1996

-97

1997

-98

1998

-99

1999

-00

2000

-01

2001

-02

2002

-03

2003

-04

2004

-05

YEAR ->

MAJOR MINOR

NO DISTURBANCES DESPITE LOSING ENTIRE SUPER GENERATING PLANTS LIKE

RAMAGUNDAM,VIJAYAWADA,KOTHAGUDEM, NORTH CHENNAI, SHARAVATHY ETC

SPS

43

DEEP VALLEY

DEEP VALLEY

SHARP

PEAK

44

KADAMPARAI PUMP OPERATION

-300

-200

-100

0

100

200

300

400

5000:

001:

002:

003:

004:

005:

006:

007:

008:

009:

0010

:00

11:0

012

:00

13:0

014

:00

15:0

016

:00

17:0

018

:00

19:0

020

:00

21:0

022

:00

23:0

00:

00

TIME ---->

IN M

W --

-->

48.50

49.00

49.50

50.00

50.50

51.00

FREQ

UENC

Y IN

HZ

---->

GENERATOR MODE

PUMP PUMP

SAVINGS OF RS 40 LAKHS EVERY DAY

INVESTMENT OF 1600 CRORES SAVED

45

OPTIMAL RESERVOIR UTILISATIONIDUKKI IN KERALA

KERALA SAVED RS 50 CRORES BY EFFICIENT UTILISATION OF THE RESERVOIRS AT IDUKKI!

POWERGRIDs 400 KV MADURAI-TRIVANDRUM LINE WILL HELP KERALA

SAVE EVEN MORE ENERGY IN THE COMING

YEAR

PLANT OPERATORS AT IDUKKI THINK OF THE RESERVOIR LEVEL IN RUPEES RATHER

THAN IN FEET!!!

Rs. Rs.

Rs.

Rs.

Rs.

Rs.Rs.

Rs.

Rs.

Rs.

Rs.

Rs.

Rs.

Rs.

Rs.Rs.

46

FREQUENCY CURVE FOR 9th SEPTEMBER 2004FVI = 0.04

Avg Freq = 49.99Hz

48.5

49.0

49.5

50.0

50.5

51.0

00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

10 * ∑ (F – 50) 2

FVI = -------------------------------

24 * 60

47

SPECIFIC ACTION BY RLDC LOSS REDUCTION

• TAP CO-ORDINATION• FILTER CO-ORDINATION• REDUCED LINE OPENING• HVDC SET POINT CHANGES• VAR MANAGEMENT

REVIVAL OF DORMANT INTER-STATE LINES 100% DISBURSEMENT IN SETTLEMENT

SYSTEM OPTIMISATION OF INTER-REGIONAL

EXCHANGES MERIT ORDER OPERATION

48

TALCHER-KOLAR INTER –TRIP SCHEME (STAGE-1)

IN THE EVENT OF TRIPPING OF TALCHER-KOLAR POLE/BIPOLE, INSTANTANEOUS AND IMMEDIATE

500MW LOAD RELIEF IS OBTAINED FROM THE FOLLOWING SUBSTATIONS :

-KARNATAKA: HOODY, KOLAR

-TAMILNADU: SRIPERAMBADUR , HOSUR

-ANDHRA PRADESH: CHINKAMPALLI

Note: This scheme is already in vogue

49

TALCHER-KOLAR INTER –TRIP SCHEME (STAGE-2)

IN THE EVENT OF TRIPPING OF TALCHER-KOLAR BIPOLE ADDITIONAL 1000MW LOAD RELIEF TO BE OBTAINED FROM THE FOLLOWING SUBSTATIONS :

-KARNATAKA: SOMANAHALLI

-TAMILNADU: MADURAI,THIRUVARUR,INGUR,KAIRAKUDDY

-ANDHRA PRADESH: SOMAYAJULAPALLI, GOOTY, ANANTAPUR, KARNOOL

-KERALA: TRICHUR NORTH , KOZHI-KODE

50

GENERATION ADDITION & SYSTEM STRENGTHENING (RECENT PAST)

GENERATION ADDITION• 500MW TALCHER U # 5 ON COMMERCIAL OPERATION W.E.F 1ST

NOV 04• 500MW U#7 AT NTPC, RAMAGUNDAM TEST SYNCHRONISED ON

26-SEP-04.SYSTEM STRENGTHENING

• 220KV INTER-STATE LINES OF AP – KAR IN PARALLEL– SEDAM – TANDUR FROM 18-AUG-04– GOOTY – ALIPUR FROM 10-SEP-04

• 40% FIXED SERIES COMPENSATION COMMISSIONED AT – GOOTY OF GOOTY-HOODY LINE ON 19/OCT/04

• FLOW INCREASED FROM 110MW TO 140MW.– CUDDAPAH OF N’SAGAR-CUDDAPAH D/C LINE ON 20-

21/OCT/04• FLOW INCREASED FROM 270MW TO 355MW.

• 400KV RAMAGUNDAM – HYDERABAD III & IV ON COMMERCIAL OPERATION FROM 01-NOV-04.

51

Components of inter-utility tariff(Pre – ABT Mechanism)

Fixed charges Interest on loans Depreciation O & M charges Return on equity Interest on Working Capital

Energy charges (fuel cost) Incentives Surcharge & other levies No charge for reactive energy

52

Payment to Inter State Generating Stations

(ISGS) from beneficiaries under Availability Based Tariff (ABT)

Capacity chargesEnergy chargesUnscheduled Interchange (UI)

53

1000

900

800

700

600

500

400

300

200

100

0

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24

Forecast ex-bus capability of Power Plant

Hours

MW

Net Injection Schedule

SEB - A's Requisition

SEB - A's Entitlement - (40% )

SCHEDULING

54

CAPACITY CHARGE

Capacity charge will be related to ‘availability’ of the generating station and the percentage capacity allocated to the state. ‘Availability’ for this purpose means the readiness of the generating station to deliver ex-bus output expressed as a percentage of its rated ex-bus output capability.

55

ENERGY CHARGE

Energy charges shall be worked out on the basis of a paise per kwh rate on ex-bus energy scheduled to be sent out from the generating station as per the following formula

Energy charges = Rate of energy charges

(paise/kwh) x Scheduled Generation (ex-bus MWh)

56

UNSCHEDULED INTERCHANGE (U I) :

Variation in actual generation / drawal with respect to scheduled generation / drawal shall be accounted for through Unscheduled Interchange (UI).

UI for generating station shall be equal to its total actual generation minus its scheduled generation.

UI for beneficiary shall be equal to its total actual drawal minus its total scheduled drawal.

57

UNSCHEDULED INTERCHANGE (U I) :

UI shall be worked out for each 15 minute time block.

Charges for all UI transactions shall be based on average frequency of the time block.

UI rates shall be frequency dependent and uniform throughout the country.

58

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

48.9 49 49.1 49.2 49.3 49.4 49.5 49.6 49.7 49.8 49.9 50 50.1 50.2 50.3 50.4 50.5 50.6 50.7 50.8 50.9 51

Frequency ----------->

UI ra

te

-----

------

------

>

Below 49.0 Hz UI rate =570 p/u

At 50.0 Hz UI rate =150 p/u

At 49.8 Hz UI rate =210 p/u

Above 50.5 Hz UI rate =0 p/u

UI RATE

Rate of Unscheduled Drawal/InjectionFrequency (Hz) Rate (p/u)

Above 50.5 0

50.0 150

49.8 210

49.0 and below 570

59

AVAILABILITY BASED TARIFF

(A) CAPACITY CHARGE

(B) ENERGY CHARGE

(C) ADJUSTMENT FOR DEVIATIONS

(U I CHARGE)

(A) = a function of the Ex-Bus MW availability of Power Plant for the day declared before the day starts x SEB’s % allocation from the plant

(B) = MWh for the day as per Ex-Bus drawal schedule for the SEB finalised before the day starts x Energy charge rate

(C) = Σ (Actual energy interchange in a 15 minute time block – scheduled energy interchange for the time block) x UI rate for the time block

TOTAL PAYMENT FOR THE DAY = (A) + (B) ± (C)

60

FEATURES :

(A) and (B) do not depend on actual plant generation / drawal. No metering required for this as they are based on off-line figures. All deviations taken care of by (C)

No complication regarding deemed generation.

Perpetual incentive for maximizing generation and reducing drawal during deficit, but no incentive to over generate during surplus.

61

THE FIRST SCHEME: 1996THE FIRST SCHEME: 1996

KHAMMAM

VIJAYAWADA

NAGARJUNASAGAR

HYDERABAD

RAICHUR

GOOTY

HOODY

SALEM

UDUMALPET

TRICHUR

MADURAI

TRICHY

MADRAS

NEYVELI

CUDDAPAHDAVANAGERE

KAIGA

115

317

RSTPP

BHADRAVATI

130x2

164x

2

182

151

181

173

302

308

172

277

279

155

178x

2BANGALORE

SIRSI

MUNIRABAD

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

N

JEYPORE

63

187

2x221

54

Kadra

Kodasally

Nagjhari

1

120

60

MAPS

P

NELLORE

By Tripping of Salem-Bangalore and

Cudddapah-Madras Southern Grid was

getting devided into two blocks

NELAMANGALA

GAZUWAKA

HIRIYUR

189

267x

2

258

242

175

179

127 130x

2

221x2

146x2

52x2

301x2

300

28

330

FIG-2

THE SR GRID IN

1996

62

THE FIRST SCHEME: 1996THE FIRST SCHEME: 1996CONDITIONSCONDITIONS

Line Name Frequency Below (Hz)

POWER FLOW(MW)

Time delay (second)

Type of Relay

CUDAPPA-MADRAS 47.8 0.5 UF

SALEM- BANGALORE

47.8 1 UF

CUDAPPA-MADRAS 48.0 100 MW towards CUDAPPA

0.5 RPUF

SALEM- BANGALORE

48.0 300 MW towards BANGALORE

1 RPUF

63

SPECIAL PROTECTION SPECIAL PROTECTION SCHEMESSCHEMES

DEFINITIONDEFINITIONPROTECTION SCHEME DESIGNED PROTECTION SCHEME DESIGNED

TOTO

DETECT ABNORMAL SYSTEM DETECT ABNORMAL SYSTEM CONDITIONSCONDITIONS AND TAKE AND TAKE

PREDETERMINED CORRECTIVE ACTIONPREDETERMINED CORRECTIVE ACTION

(Other than isolation of faulty element)(Other than isolation of faulty element)

TO TO

PRESERVE SYSTEM INTEGRITY AND PRESERVE SYSTEM INTEGRITY AND PROVIDE ACCEPTABLE SYSTEM PROVIDE ACCEPTABLE SYSTEM

PERFORMANCEPERFORMANCE

64

WHY SPS? WHY SPS? OPERATIONAL OPERATIONAL REASONSREASONS

OUTAGE OF HIGH CAPACITY GENERATING OUTAGE OF HIGH CAPACITY GENERATING UNITS,HVDC INTERCONNECTION OF UNITS,HVDC INTERCONNECTION OF LARGE TRANSFER CAPABILITYLARGE TRANSFER CAPABILITY

WIDE SEASONAL FLUCTUATION IN WIDE SEASONAL FLUCTUATION IN LOADING PATTERNLOADING PATTERN

STAGGERING AND ROSTERING OF LOADS STAGGERING AND ROSTERING OF LOADS

SUDDEN IMPACT ON LARGE GRIDS DUE SUDDEN IMPACT ON LARGE GRIDS DUE TO SYATEM DYANAMICS AND SWINGS.TO SYATEM DYANAMICS AND SWINGS.

65

WHY SPS? WHY SPS? COMMERCIAL COMMERCIAL REASONSREASONS

SKEWED GENERATION AND LOAD SKEWED GENERATION AND LOAD PATTERN AND PRESSURE ON PATTERN AND PRESSURE ON RELIABILITY MARGINS DUE TORELIABILITY MARGINS DUE TO DRIVEN BY COMMERCIAL MECHANISMS DRIVEN BY COMMERCIAL MECHANISMS

OPEN ACCESS INCREASE IN TRADE OPEN ACCESS INCREASE IN TRADE VOLUMEVOLUME

INCREASE IN COMPETITIONINCREASE IN COMPETITION

MERIT ORDER OPERATIONMERIT ORDER OPERATION

66

WHY SPS? WHY SPS? PLANNING PLANNING ISSUESISSUES ECONOMY OF SCALEECONOMY OF SCALE

THE SYSTEM PLANNERS TEND TO UTILIZE THE SYSTEM PLANNERS TEND TO UTILIZE THE EXISTING NETWORKTHE EXISTING NETWORK

DELAYS IN NETWORK EXPANSION DUE TO DELAYS IN NETWORK EXPANSION DUE TO ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS

SEASONAL OVER LOADSSEASONAL OVER LOADS

LINES AND GENERATORS NOT COMING IN LINES AND GENERATORS NOT COMING IN TANDEMTANDEM

67

WHY SPS?WHY SPS?

Mission of power system engineers is to Mission of power system engineers is to provide Stable Secured and Reliable power provide Stable Secured and Reliable power supply at least possible cost to the end supply at least possible cost to the end consumer. SPS is an important tool in consumer. SPS is an important tool in achieving thisachieving this For System Planner It reduce the compromise For System Planner It reduce the compromise

between between cost and qualitycost and quality

For operational planner It enables to manage For operational planner It enables to manage severe severe contingencies like contingencies like

tripping of tripping of generators multiple generators multiple outage of outage of transmission lines transmission lines etcetc

68

POSSIBLE SYSTEM POSSIBLE SYSTEM PROLEMSPROLEMS

UNIT FAILURE

INSUFFICIENTGENERATION

TRANSFORMER/LINE FAILURE

LOSS OFLOAD

REDUCEDNETWORK

REDUNDANCY

LINE OVERLOADOR

UNSATISFACTORYBUS VOLTAGE

BUS ISOLATED

LOSS OFGENERATION

ISLANDING

SYSTEM SYSTEM COLLAPSCOLLAPS

EE

69

RESTORATIVE

NORMAL

A L E R T

EMERGENCYDISTURBANCE

70

RESTORATIVE

NORMAL

A L E R T

EMERGENCYDISTURBANCE

71

HIGH SPEED INTER-TRIP HIGH SPEED INTER-TRIP SCHEME AT KOLARSCHEME AT KOLAR

GOOTY

HOODY

SALEM

TRICHUR

MADURAI

TRICHY

SPBDR

NLC II

CUDDAPAH

PONDICHERY

SOMANHALLIKOLAR

HOSUR

NLC -1 EXP.

UDUMALPET

BAHOOR

KURNOOL

SOMYAZULA PALLI

TO TALCHER

72

HIGH SPEED INTER-TRIP HIGH SPEED INTER-TRIP SCHEME AT KOLARSCHEME AT KOLAR

MODE OF OPERATION

POWER LEVEL FOR GENERATING INTERTRIP SIGNAL

MONO POLAR >400 MW AND THE POLE TRIPS

BI-POLAR

IF BOTH POLE ARE CARRYING > 800 MW EACH AND ONE POLE TRIPS

IF EACH POLE IS CARRYING POWER IN THE RANGE OF 400 TO 800 MW AND ONE POLE TRIPS AND AFTER THE DELAY OF 2 SECS THE POWER ON SURVIVING POLE IS LESS THAN 600MW

IF POWER FLOW ON EACH POLE > 200 MW AND BOTH POLES TRIP WITH IN 2 SECS

73

KAIGA EVACUATION KAIGA EVACUATION PROBLEMPROBLEM

SPS BASED SOLUTIONSPS BASED SOLUTION

KAIGA

440 MW SIRSI

KADRA

150 MW

KODASHALLI

120 MW

GUTTUR

NAGJHERI

855 MW

HUBLI

400 KV LINE OPERATED AT 220 KV

PROBLEM OF OVERLOADING WHEN HIGH GENERATION AT KALI COMPLEX

THESE LINES ARE TRIPPED IF

>600 AMPS FOR 1SEC OR > 900 AMPS FOR 300 MSEC,

74

PROPOSED SPS AT PROPOSED SPS AT RAICHURRAICHUR

RAICHURN’SAGAR

MUNIRABAD

DAVANGERE

HIRIYUR

NELAMANGALA

HOODY

GOOTY

CUDDAPAH

KOLAR

HVDC LINES

FROM ER

SOMANAHALLYTRIPPING OF THESE LINES INCREASES THE FLOW ON RAICHUR-N’SAGAR LINE

LOAD CENTRE

PROPOSED SPS BASED SOLUTION

RTPS UNITS TO BACK-DOWN BASED ON FLOW ON

RAICHUR-N’SAGAR LINE

75

RLDC,Bangalore

KalamasseryHyderabad BangaloreChennai

Cuddapah

Warangal

Vijayawada

Kalam’erry

Kannur

Trivandrum

Chennai

Erode

Madurai

Bangalore

Lingusugur

Hubli

CPCC SCC, Pondy

Hyderabad

Hierarchy of The ULDC Scheme in Southern Region

Andhra Kerala Tamilnadu Karnataka

76

EMS/SCADA Package … EMS/SCADA Package … ContdContd

Sl No:Sl No: ConstituentConstituent RTUs suppliedRTUs supplied Existing RTUs Existing RTUs integratedintegrated

Control Control CentresCentres

1.01.0 APTRANSCOAPTRANSCO 9191 -- 44

2.02.0 TNEBTNEB 4040 3535 33

3.03.0 KPTCLKPTCL 2222 2121 33

4.04.0 KSEBKSEB 3030 -- 33

5.05.0 UT of PondyUT of Pondy 55 99 11

6.06.0 Central SectorCentral Sector 2727 -- 11

TotalTotal 215215 6565 1515

RTUs Grand Total : 280 RTUs Grand Total : 280

77

Andhra Pradesh

Karnataka

Kerala

Tamilnadu

UT of Pondy

Vijayawada

Warangal

HYDERABADGhanapur

Chinkampalli

CHENNAI

Pondy

Madurai

Kannur-B

KALAMASSERY

Vydyuthi Bhavanam

Erode

MW LinkFO LinkState owneed Link

Sub-LDC

SLDC

RCLDC

Hubli

Davangeree

Bangalore

Information Flow to Control CentresInformation Flow to Control Centres

Satellite

Ramagundam

78

Communication Channel for Information flow

Sub-LDC

SLDC

RLDC

SLDC

Sub-LDC

RTU RTU

Wide Band /PLCC Commn

Wide Band Commn

Wide Band Commn(MW / FO)

RTU

79

ULDC TRAININGULDC TRAINING

SL NAME OF THE TRAINING FROM TO Participants Man days

1CISCO ROUTER &

NETWORKING19-01-2004 24-01-2004 17 102

2 XA-21 USER LEVEL 23-02-2004 28-02-2004 10 60

3 RTNA WORKSHOP 29-03-2004 31-03-2004 14 42

4 AIX OPERATING SYSTEM 17-05-2004 22-05-2004 15 90

5 XA-21 USER LEVEL 21-06-2004 25-06-2004 6 30

6 DATABASE ADMINISTATION 22-11-04 04-12-04 19 228

80

Annual Inter-Regional Energy Transfer

≈10,000MU

Transformation Capacity ≈

45000 MVA

Transformers (220kV and above)

480 nos.

Installed Capacity≈31870 MW

Integrated Opn of Ten Power

Utilities

Dynamic Grid Conditions

Southern Region Grid Complexities in Monitoring & Control

Generators –Hydro, Thermal,Gas/IPP

422 nos.

Transmission Network 400/220kV

≈ 37500 Ckm

40,000 POINTS Active Power, Reactive Power,

Voltage, Frequency, Transformer Tap Position, Circuit Breaker Position,

Isolator Position etc.

81

Bouquet of Benefits

• Integrated System Operation with improved system visibility

• Enhanced Operation Efficiency

• Quality Power - Frequency and Voltage Control

• Merit Order and Economic Load Dispatch

• Fewer System Collapses & Faster Restoration

• First Step towards Sub-station Automation

• Adaptability to the ever growing Power System

82

DEVELOPMENT OF NATIONAL GRID

NER

ER

NR

WR

SR

EXISTING

500MW

MW1000

MW500

GAZUWAKA

CHANDRAPUR

VINDHYACHAL

SASARAM

UNDERCONST.

EXISTING

400 kV

220 kV

BONGAIGAONBIRPARA

MALDA

KORBA BUDHIPADAR

KOLHAPUR

BELGAUM

U.SILERU

BALIMELA

DEHRISAHUPURI

MALANPUR

AURAIYA

PHASE-I(By 2002)

HVDC STATION

KOLAR

(KARNATAKA)

TALCHER

ORISSA)

TALCHER KOLAR HVDC LINE

LENGTH:1400 KMS

83

TALCHER KOLAR LINKTALCHER KOLAR LINK ONE OF THE LONGEST HVDC LINES IN ONE OF THE LONGEST HVDC LINES IN

THE WORLDTHE WORLD DESIGNED TO EVACUATE DESIGNED TO EVACUATE 2000 MW2000 MW COMMISSIONED IN ADVANCE TO COMMISSIONED IN ADVANCE TO

UTILISE NON-PEAK SURPLUS POWER UTILISE NON-PEAK SURPLUS POWER OF EASTERN REGIONOF EASTERN REGION

COMMISSIONED 9 MONTHS AHEAD COMMISSIONED 9 MONTHS AHEAD OF SCHEDULEOF SCHEDULE

THE PROJECT HAS USED THE PROJECT HAS USED APPROXIMATELY 90,000 TONNES APPROXIMATELY 90,000 TONNES OF STEEL AND 16,000 KM OF OF STEEL AND 16,000 KM OF CABLES CABLES

84

TALCHER KOLAR HVDC LINKTALCHER KOLAR HVDC LINKBENEFITS TO SOUTHERN REGIONBENEFITS TO SOUTHERN REGION

SUBSTANTIAL IMPROVEMENT IN THE SUBSTANTIAL IMPROVEMENT IN THE VOLTAGE PROFILE FOR THE REGION.VOLTAGE PROFILE FOR THE REGION.

TRUNK LINE LOADINGS EASED – TRUNK LINE LOADINGS EASED – INCREASED TRANSFER MARGIN.INCREASED TRANSFER MARGIN.

MAX IMPORT FROM ER 1600 MWMAX IMPORT FROM ER 1600 MW MORE DEMAND IS BEING MET.MORE DEMAND IS BEING MET. DEPLETED HYDRO RESERVES IS BEING DEPLETED HYDRO RESERVES IS BEING

CONSERVED.CONSERVED. AVERAGE COST OF POWER IS BROUGHT DOWNAVERAGE COST OF POWER IS BROUGHT DOWN SURPLUS IN ER EFFECTIVELY UTILISEDSURPLUS IN ER EFFECTIVELY UTILISED PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT OF POWER PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT OF POWER

STATIONS IN EASTERN REGIONSTATIONS IN EASTERN REGION INCREASED STOA TRANSACTIONSINCREASED STOA TRANSACTIONS

85

TALCHER-KOLARTALCHER-KOLAR IMPORT OF 12728MUs FROM ER THROUGH TALCHER-KOLAR UPTO OCT-04

YEAR --->YEAR ---> 20022002 20032003 20042004

MONTHSMONTHSTOTAL TOTAL

ENERGY ENERGY (IN MU)(IN MU)

MAX FLOW MAX FLOW (IN MW)(IN MW)

TOTAL TOTAL ENERGY ENERGY (IN MU)(IN MU)

MAX MAX FLOW FLOW

(IN MW)(IN MW)

TOTAL TOTAL ENERGY ENERGY (IN MU)(IN MU)

MAX MAX FLOW (IN FLOW (IN

MW)MW)

JANJAN ------ ------ 311311 850850 805805 15281528

FEBFEB ------ ------ 273273 10101010 701701 15081508

MARMAR ------ ------ 491491 13161316 837837 16001600

APRAPR ------ ------ 473473 11831183 923923 15001500

MAYMAY ------ ------ 172172 10261026 652652 13851385

JUNJUN ------ ------ 277277 994994 688688 14161416

JULJUL ------ ------ 319319 10751075 759759 14901490

AUGAUG ------ ------ 346346 10881088 628628 13411341

SEPSEP 66 200200 512512 15331533 742742 15521552

OCTOCT 5858 500500 508508 1458 1458 829829 15501550

NOVNOV 7777 500500 470470 1048 1048

DECDEC 241241 750750 630630 1383 1383

TOTALTOTAL 382382 47824782 75647564

MAXMAX 750750 15331533 16001600

87

Ex-Bus Capacity under requisitioned / underutilised in Gas and Nuclear stations (during the week 6th Oct to 12th Oct 2003)

121 121 121 128 126 123 128

60 59 60 60 50 60 58

91 91 96 96 100 96 96

113 113 114 120 124 121 116

180 180 180180 180 180 175

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

06.10.2003 07.10.2003 08.10.2003 09.10.2003 10.10.2003 11.10.2003 12.10.2003

Me

ga

wa

tts

Dadri (L) Anta (L) Aurya (L) NAPS RAPS

On 9th Oct 2003 f < 49.0 Hz = 1.56 % of time f < 49.5 Hz = 15.35 % of time f < 50.0 Hz = 81.01 % of time f < 50.5 Hz = 99.90 % of time

88

RESERVOIR LEVEL - RESERVOIR LEVEL - COMPARISONCOMPARISON

LEVEL IN MTSLEVEL IN MTS LEVELLEVEL30-Nov-0330-Nov-03

LEVELLEVEL30-Nov-0430-Nov-04

JALAPUTJALAPUT 837.48837.48 836.17836.17

LINGANMAKKILINGANMAKKI 545.35545.35 548.61548.61

SUPASUPA 534.73534.73 545.48545.48

IDUKKIIDUKKI 715.65715.65 772.96772.96

KAKKIKAKKI 969.19969.19 972.43972.43

NILGIRISNILGIRIS

TOTALTOTAL

ENERGYENERGY30-Nov-0330-Nov-03

ENERGYENERGY30-Nov-0430-Nov-04

RISE IN RISE IN MUMU

% % RISERISE

514514 440440 - 7474 -1414

21482148 27082708 560560 2626

10621062 17871787 725725 6868

947947 14131413 466466 4949

528528 612612 8484 1616

559559 14631463 904904 162162

57585758 84238423 26652665 4646

• Only 7500MUs Reserve till next monsoon (6 Months)

• 40 MUs/day could be generated as against about 70 MUs/day at present.

89

GRID OPERATION:GRID OPERATION: A TIGHT ROPE WALK A TIGHT ROPE WALK

BLACK-OUTVOLTAGE

COLLAPSE IN-ECONOMIC

OPERATION

INSTABILITYPOWER

SWINGSINCREASED

LOSSES

delegates from japan

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