GREENCYCLE Introducing circular economy system to Alpine Space

to achieve low-carbon targets

ASP 452 - Priority 2 Low Carbon Alpine Space

Deliverable D.T1.1.1

Circular Economy E-factsheets April 2017 by project partner E-zavod, final version for internal use (factsheets in .pdf for public use)

Program priority: SO2.1 - Establish transnationally integrated low carbon policy instruments

Work package: T1 – Building the Circular Economy knowledge platform

Activity: A.T1.1 – Building the Circular Economy knowledge base

Deliverable: D.T1.1.1 – Circular Economy E-factsheets

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Content

1 INTRODUCTION 3

2 FACTSHEETS THEMES 4

3 CONTENT AND LAYOUT 7

4 TOPICS OF FACTSHEETS 8

4.1 General information, smart product design and food supply chains 8

1 Circular Economy 8

2 Smart product design 8

3 Smart product design for ICT products 8

4 Life Cycle Assessment 8

5 Bio-based Products 8

6 Food Supply Chain 8

7 Spatial planning 8

4.2 Waste management 9

8 Waste Management 9

9 Recycling 9

10 Packaging Waste 9

11 Plastic 9

12 Textile waste 9

13 Electronic Waste 9

14 Construction and Demolition Waste 9

15 Food Waste 9

16 Zero Waste 9

4.3 From waste to resources 10

17 Energy & Environment 10

18 Waste Heat Recovery 10

19 Water Reuse 10

20 Secondary Raw Materials 10

21 Innovative Organic & Waste-based Fertilizers 10

22 Critical Raw Materials 10

23 Platinum, Germanium & Chromium 10

4.4 New business models, opportunities and consumers 11

24 Small & Medium Enterprises 11

25 Collaborative economy 11

26 Consumers 11

27 Illusions & Obstacles 11

5 FACTSHEETS 12

6 LITERATURE 39

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1 INTRODUCTION

The aim of the Deliverable D.T 1.1.1 (Circular economy E-factsheets) is to provide at least 20 factsheets on different

crucial circular economy topics covering the whole circular economy life cycle and cutting through policy levels.

Based on the research, many different topics on waste management emerged. But because the Circular Economy concept

is not only about waste and recycling, we decided to include also other maybe neglected topics such as food supply chain

and collaborative economy. The bundle of factsheets is rounded with the one, describing the illusions and obstacles of

circular economy.

Because of the large span of circular economy across the globe, we decided to stick to the European level. This was

decided based on several reasons. Firstly, it is hard to compare the statistical data if the methodologies are not aligned, it

could even happen that data for some continents or countries are not available. Secondly, there are differences in policies

and strategies among countries, so it made sense to research and present the European Union’s concept because it

provides a basis for European Countries. We also included some general information so that the factsheets can be a good

foundation for worldwide research if someone would be interested.

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2 FACTSHEETS THEMES

The Deliverable D.T 1.1.1 consists out of 26 different factsheets on diverse topics, from smart design to critical raw

materials. The topics are divided into 4 colour distinguished themes that are consistent in the design.

Factsheets for different themes are divided by colour:

Blue - General information, smart product design and food supply chains

Turquoise -

1 Spatial planning

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Waste management

Orange - From waste to resources

Purple -

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New business models, opportunities and consumers

In the theme of General information, smart product design and food supply chains, there are 7 factsheets (topics 1-7) and

are focused on product design and assessments.

The theme of Waste management covers the majority of factsheets, 9 of them (topics 8-16). They deal with the

production of waste, the recyclability and possible solutions. The predictions are that over time, the focus on topics of

recycling will be transferred to reducing the waste in the first place which is now a marginal topic, so we included

presentation of Zero Waste concept.

For the theme From waste to resources 7 topics were chosen (topics 17-23) and this is the most versatile group from

water reuse to critical raw materials. For this theme, the emphasis was on the reuse and recycling.

The last theme covered New business models, opportunities and consumers (topics 24-27). This is also an important part

of circular economy, because the real drivers are actually businesses and consumers and not strategies.

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The list below summarizes all topics of factsheets:

1 Spatial planning

1 Circular Economy

2 Smart product design

3 Smart product design for ICT products

4 Life Cycle Assessment

5 Bio-based Products

6 Food Supply Chain

7 Spatial planning

8 Waste Management

9 Recycling

10 Packaging Waste

11 Plastic

12 Textile waste

13 Electronic Waste

14 Construction and Demolition Waste

15 Food Waste

16 Zero Waste

17 Energy & Environment

18 Waste Heat Recovery

19 Water Reuse

20 Secondary Raw Materials

21 Innovative Organic & Waste-based Fertilizers

22 Critical Raw Materials

23 Platinum, Germanium & Chromium

24 Small & Medium Enterprises

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25 Collaborative economy

26 Consumers

27 Illusions & Obstacles

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The main sources of research and the basis for creating 26 factsheets are two documents:

An EU action plan for the Circular Economy with the title COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE EUROPEAN

PARLIAMENT, THE COUNCIL, THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMITTEE AND THE COMMITTEE OF THE

REGIONS Closing the loop - An EU action plan for the Circular Economy [1]

and

The Report on the implementation of the Circular Economy Action Plan was released on 26th

of January 2017 (REPORT

FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, THE COUNCIL, THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL

COMMITTEE AND THE COMMITTEE OF THE REGIONS on the implementation of the Circular Economy Action Plan) [2].

One of the key sources was also the Ellen MacArthur Foundation [3].

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3 CONTENT AND LAYOUT

Content:

The factsheets try to cover all main aspects among different shareholders:

basics,

current legislation,

problems and challenges (production/retail/use),

opportunities (for companies, public authorities),

role of households,

benefits for stakeholders,

etc.

Layout:

There is a general template, but adjusted depending on the topic’s focus and amount of text.

Each factsheet is in A4 format, usually with added graphics.

Sources of data are listed in footnotes of factsheets.

In the next chapter (Topics of factsheets) sources listed were a basis for research and are not necessarily the

same as the sources listed in factsheets.

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4 TOPICS OF FACTSHEETS

Here are listed topics of factsheets with some additional literature sources. Created factsheets are available in the next

chapter.

4.1 General information, smart product design and food supply chains

1 Circular Economy

Ellen MacArthur Foundation [4], European Commission [5].Napaka! Vira sklicevanja ni bilo mogoče najti.

2 Smart product design

Topics on how to create products with high reparability, durability, recyclability, ease of reuse and easy end-of-life

sorting.

Circular Economy Factsheet on production (EU) [5]

3 Smart product design for ICT products

E.g. smart phones - Circularity for mobile phones [7]

4 Life Cycle Assessment

5 Bio-based Products

Bio-based products [20] help building up a net carbon negative economy.

6 Food Supply Chain

Topics of local food value chains, food’s carbon footprint, food self-sufficiency.

7 Spatial planning

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4.2 Waste management

What to do with waste, how to reuse and reduce it.

Circular Economy Factsheet on Waste Management [6].

8 Waste Management

Collection and sorting

9 Recycling

10 Packaging Waste

11 Plastic

The New Plastics Economy: Rethinking the future of plastics [9]

12 Textile waste

13 Electronic Waste

14 Construction and Demolition Waste

Construction [21], EU Construction and Demolition Waste Protocol [22]

15 Food Waste

EU Fusions report 39[12], Households food waste - Wrap – The food we waste [13].

16 Zero Waste

Zero Waste Europe [11]

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4.3 From waste to resources

17 Energy & Environment

Defining the role of renewable energy in energy production. Without 100% reliance on renewable energy circular

economy cannot be 100 % achieved.

Turning waste into energy can fuel the circular economy [10].

18 Waste Heat Recovery

19 Water Reuse

Water reuse actions [14]

20 Secondary Raw Materials

Strategy for SRM [16]

21 Innovative Organic & Waste-based Fertilizers

Circular economy: New Regulation to boost the use of organic and waste-based fertilizers [15]

22 Critical Raw Materials

Critical raw materials [17], the list of critical raw materials [18], study on critical raw materials on EU level [19].

23 Platinum, Germanium & Chromium

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4.4 New business models, opportunities and consumers

24 Small & Medium Enterprises

Green Action Plan for SMEs [23], sustainable training in companies [25].

25 Collaborative economy

Collaborative economy [24]

26 Consumers

27 Illusions & Obstacles

The limits of efficiency and of C2C / circular resource flows in practice. On the limits of the circular economy: there is a

definite final physical limit on how much the material loss in C2C loss can avoided.

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5 FACTSHEETS

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6 LITERATURE

[1] http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:52015DC0614

[2] http://ec.europa.eu/environment/circular-economy/implementation_report.pdf

[3] https://www.ellenmacarthurfoundation.org/circular-economy

[4] https://www.ellenmacarthurfoundation.org/circular-economy/overview/concept

[5] http://ec.europa.eu/environment/circular-economy/

[6] https://ec.europa.eu/priorities/sites/beta-political/files/circular-economy-factsheet-production_en.pdf

[7] http://www.closingtheloop.eu/

[8] https://ec.europa.eu/commission/publications/clear-targets-and-tools-better-waste-management_en

[9] https://www.ellenmacarthurfoundation.org/publications/the-new-plastics-economy-rethinking-the-future-of-plastics

[10] https://ec.europa.eu/jrc/en/news/turning-waste-energy-fuel-circular-economy

[11] https://www.zerowasteeurope.eu/

[12] https://www.eu-fusions.org/index.php/publications/266-establishing-reliable-data-on-food-waste-and-harmonising-

quantification-methods

[13] http://www.ifr.ac.uk/waste/Reports/WRAP%20The%20Food%20We%20Waste.pdf

[14] http://ec.europa.eu/environment/water/reuse-actions.htm

[15] http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_IP-16-827_en.htm

[16] http://www.europarl.europa.eu/legislative-train/theme-new-boost-for-jobs-growth-and-investment/file-strategy-

for-secondary-raw-materials

[17] https://ec.europa.eu/growth/sectors/raw-materials/specific-interest/critical_en

[18] http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:52014DC0297

[19] http://ec.europa.eu/DocsRoom/documents/5605/attachments/1/translations

[20] http://ec.europa.eu/growth/sectors/biotechnology/bio-based-products_en

[21] https://ec.europa.eu/growth/sectors/construction_en

[22] http://ec.europa.eu/growth/tools-databases/newsroom/cf/itemdetail.cfm?item_id=8983

[23] https://ec.europa.eu/growth/smes/business-friendly-environment/green-action-plan_en

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[24] https://ec.europa.eu/growth/single-market/strategy/collaborative-economy_en

[25] https://www.greenbiz.com/blog/2013/04/29/why-getting-serious-about-sustainability-needs-start-training