Jay Principles of Urban Planning

THE ANCIENT EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH FOR A CITY“A cross contained within an oval or circle”

Im a g e o f t h e c i t y

CITADEL - the “little city”

- the core of the city

- the seat of the palace, the temple, and the granary• Protective wall

• The city as a container • Limits a common way of life• Limits a common system of

law and order

CROSS = magnet CIRCLE = container

E v o lu t io n o f t h e A r c h e t y p e

Seat of government Religious center

Market and trade center Civic or public center

CROSS = magnet CIRCLE = container

Natural boundary Political boundary

Road edge Suburbs

Greenbelts

INTEGRATION OF THE FUNCTIONS OF A CITY

CONSTITUTES THE ART OF PLANNING

THE SYMBOLIC EXPRESSION OF THE STRUCTURE OF A CITY

SOCIAL

ECONOMIC

POLITICAL

CULTURAL

"Human settlements are no longer

satisfactory for their inhabitants…"

Constantinos Doxiadis envisioned ekistics, a name that derives from the ancient Greek term oikizo meaning

"creating a settlement," as an interdisciplinary effort to "arrive at a proper conception and implementation of

the facts, concepts, and ideas related to human settlement"

T w o T y p e s /C a t e g o r ie s

• Consciously planned

• Predetermined by authority

• Capable of execution within a limited time

Abstract, geometric type Organic type

• Naturally developing• Prolonged co-operation of

institutions and groups

• Structured over time

PLANNING THEORISTS

PLANNING TRADITIONS

Law of the Indies

Church

Municipal Hall

Merchant’s ShopsElementary School

Home of the Principalia

Government Buildings

planning concepts

Zone Model •Ernest Burgess, 1920s a Sociologist at the University of Chicago •Invasion and succession drove formation of concentric rings •An ecological model, with ethnic groups as the species •His model included “Little Sicily,” Chinatown, Deutschland, “underworld roomers,” “single-family dwellings,” and “bungalow section” •Pertained to early 20th c. Chicago in time of European immigration

Sector Model•Homer Hoyt, 1930s

wedges form along transportation corridors

•railroads & canals lined by industrial districts

•main roads & some waterfronts lined by houses of the wealthy •Households of different income and ethnic groups filter towards

outer edge in the pre-established direction

•Freeways do not follow this pattern

Multi-Nucleated Model•Chauncy Harris and Edward Pullman, dominant in the 1990s

and 2000s •Majority of commutes are edge-to-edge rather than edge to

center •Majority of new office space is at the edge

•Sectoral pattern breaks down because of leapfrog development

•CBD is only the center of a very particular range of services

CENTRAL PLACE THEORY

– 1933 – Central Place is the

source of goods and services to the surroundings

beyondits own area.

W a lt h e r C r is t a l le r

New Urbanism

new urbanism

promotes the creation of diverse, walkable, compact, vibrant, mixed-use communities composed of the same components as conventional development, but assembled in a more integrated

fashion, in the form of complete communities

walkabilitymixed use

quality architectureeco-friendly development

Higher quality of life; better places to live, work, & play

Principles of New Urbanism

walkability

connectivity

mixed use and diversity

mixed housing

quality architecture and urban design

traditional neighborhood structure

increased density

smart transportation

sustainability

quality of life