Democracy Develops in England

Late Middle Ages 1066 William the Duke of Normandy invades

England– The end of Feudalism– Centralized government – The dev of democracy

Henry II 1154-1159– Introduced trial by jury – Common Law

Continued

Son Richard “Lion Heart” Brother John

– Unpopular-fought a costly war with France – John tried to raise taxes – This led to conflict between the English

Nobles and the King – In 1215 they rebelled and forced John to

grant guarantees

Magna Carta 1215

63 clauses Ind. Rights and liberties Due Process Contract between the monarchy and

nobles Limited the power of the king Later Clause 12 was interpreted to imply

power for the King

The English Civil War & the The English Civil War & the Glorious RevolutionGlorious Revolution

PreviewPreview:

–Examine the image on the next slide. What do you think is going on?

–What do you think led to the actions in this slide?

English Civil War (1642-1647)

Reasons for the English Civil WarIn 1603, Elizabeth died. She

never married, so there were no heirs to continue the Tudor Dynasty

Mary Stuart’s son James I became the King of England— started StuartStuart DynastyDynasty in England

Reasons for the English Civil War

Queen Elizabeth recognized the importance of working with Parliament

James I did not; believed he should be absolute monarch because of Divine RightDivine Right (God chooses royal families to rule); James I did not listen to Parliament

Major problems between Parliament & King over issues of Authority, Money, & Religion

Problems between the King and Parliament

Authority—James I believed in divine right and absolutism; Parliament felt king should be limited by Parliament

Money—James I has to ask Parliament for money to finance government and life style

What is divine right?1. King has power to rule

from people.2. King has the power to

rule from Congress.3. King has power to rule

from Parliament.4. King has power to rule

from God.

Problems between the King and Parliament

Religion—Puritans were members of the Anglican Church who wanted all Catholic rituals removed; Puritans were active members of Parliament & were angered when James I arranged marriage of son (Charles) to a Catholic princess

Reasons for the English Civil WarWhen James I died in 1625, his son

Charles ICharles I became kingCharles was “worse” than

James:

–Charles believed in divine right & absolute monarchy; refused to discuss ideas with Parliament—only called Parliament when he needed money

Reasons for the English Civil WarParliament got fed up with Charles I &

refused to give him money unless signed Petition of RightsPetition of Rights in 1628:–King could not jail people

without a good reason–King could not make taxes

without Parliament's approval–King could not keep his soldiers in

peoples’ homes & could not use army to maintain order during peacetime

Civil WarCharles I was really mad at

Parliament & refused to call another Parliament for 11 years until he needed money to end revolts in Ireland & Scotland

Conflict between supporters of King (Royalists/Cavaliers) & Parliament grew so bad that a civil war was inevitable

Civil WarWar between CavaliersCavaliers

(Royalists) vs. RoundheadsRoundheads (supporters of Parliament) lasted for 5 years

Roundheads found a strong leader in Oliver CromwellOliver Cromwell; Cromwell and Roundheads won & behead the king (1st public execution of a king)

Do you think that Charles I should have been executed?1. Strongly agree

2. Somewhat agree

3. Somewhat disagree

4. Strongly disagree

What did the 19 Propositions say?1. Gave the King supreme

power.

2. Gave Parliament Supreme power.

3. Made the Commonwealth legal.

4. Gave Oliver Cromwell complete power.

After the Civil WarAfter the Civil War, a

CommonwealthCommonwealth was created—type of government with no king & ruled by Parliament

Oliver Cromwell led the Commonwealth, but did not use democracy— he became a military dictator

New CommonwealthLife in the Commonwealth was harsh

because it was led by Cromwell & the Puritans; Forced strict religious rules on people of England:

It was illegal to go to theaters & sporting events; “merrymaking” & “amusement” were illegal

Citizens hated living this way & began to want to bring back a king again

English English Civil War Civil War GraffitiGraffiti

King Charles

King Charles

is

a bum!

is

a bum!

Let Let

Parliament

Parliament

rule!rule!

Cavalier

Cavaliers stink!

s stink!

The Restoration (1660)

RestorationPeople grew tired of the severe,

religious rule of Oliver Cromwell & the Puritans; many wanted a king again

In 1660, Charles I’s son became King of England—Charles IICharles II was called the ““Merry MonarchMerry Monarch”” because he brought back theatres, sporting events, dancing & he got along with he got along with Parliament!!Parliament!!

A rth u r

M ary I"B lood y M ary"

Elizabeth I E d w ard V I

Henry V III

Charles II Jam es II

Charles I

Jam es I

M ary S tu artQ u een o fS co tlan d

Jam es VK in g o f

S co tlan d

M arg are t M ary

H en ry V II

RestorationCharles II learned from the lessons of

his father & grandfather:–Did not try to rule by Divine Right &

did not threaten Parliament’s authority

–Passed Habeas CorpusHabeas Corpus LawLaw—everyone guaranteed a trial after arrest; cannot be held in jail forever

–Anglicanism was official religion, but treated Puritans & Catholics equally

RestorationDuring the Restoration,

Parliament strengthened the Church of England—only Anglicans could attend universities, serve in Parliament, be priests in Anglican Church

Parliament created Constitutional Constitutional MonarchyMonarchy based on Magna Carta & Petition of Right (Guaranteed rights of people & limited king)

RestorationBUT, there were problems:

–Charles II needed more money than Parliament was willing to give; so he made a secretsecret agreement with Louis XIV of France to convert to Catholicism in exchange for money

–Charles II had no children; when he died, his openly-Catholic brother James IIJames II will be king (Parliament's worst fear!!)

This is James II

Glorious Revolution

James ignoring Parliament’s religious laws, James appointed Catholics to government and university positions.

Parliament was worried the throne would go to James II son who was to be raised Catholic.

Encouraged William of Orange (ruler of the Netherlands who was married to James II daughter Mary) to invade and take over.

Glorious Revolution (Cont)

James II fled to France when he realized he had little support from England.

This peaceful transfer of power was called the Glorious Revolution.

William and Mary

William and Mary swore an oath that they would govern the people of England.

Parliament passed the Bill of Rights. This passage made it clear that

Parliament was in control. Establishment of a Constitutional

Monarchy

What is a commonwealth?

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1. A state ruled by the monarch.

2. A state ruled by a hegemony.

3. A state ruled by a constitution.

4. A state ruled by elected representatives.

What is a constitutional monarchy?

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1. Form of government in which monarch’s power is limited by the constitution.

2. Form of government in which monarch’s power is unlimited by the constitution.

3. Form of government where Parliament is in control.

4. Form of government where Parliament is not in control.

What is habeas corpus?

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100%1. People have to be tried.

2. People cannot be held in prison w/o just cause or w/o a trial.

3. People need to be read their Miranda rights.

4. People have to have an attorney present at trial.