democratic reforms of the 19 th century britain expands democracy
TRANSCRIPT
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Democratic Reforms of the 19th Century
Britain Expands Democracy
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Traditional Government
• Britain became a constitutional monarchy when Charles II took the throne in 1662
• Wealthy landowners still controlled Parliament
• The increase in education during industrialization forced a change in government, the working class, women, & colonists all wanted a voice in government
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Democratic Progress
• The Enlightenment, industrialization, and political revolutions that occurred in the 18th century encouraged peaceful political reform in Great Britain
• Only 5% of the population had a voice in government
• British land owners feared rebellion so they decided to share the power
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Reforms
• Reform Bill of 1832-gave middle class men the right to vote and gave urban areas representation in Parliament
• Chartists wanted secret ballots, no land requirement to serve in Parliament, and salaries for Members of Parliament
• Women began to fight for the right to vote during the 1800s
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France• Third Republic emerges after the Franco-
Prussian War• Dreyfus Affair—Jewish officer framed &
convicted of treason, revealed European Anti-Semitism
• Zionism developed in response, the Jews wanted to return to a homeland in Palestine, the Romans had kicked them out in 76 AD
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British Colonies
• Canada, New Zealand, & Australia all were made dominions (given home rule) because culturally they were very similar to the British
• Ireland, South Africa, & India also had movements for home rule but the British refused to give them independence, ETHNOCENTRISM/RACISM
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Ireland
• British imposed their culture & attempted to destroy the Irish culture, banned schools & the Celtic language
• Catholic vs. Protestant, Northern Ireland had a large Protestant population
• Potato Famine 1848-more Irish in US than Ireland
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• 1916 Uprising-Angered the British
• IRA developed to fight for home rule
• 1921 granted independence but Northern Ireland remains part of Britain
• Conflict in Northern Ireland redevelops during the 1970s
Ireland
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Technology Explosion
• Edison-light bulb, phonograph, motion pictures• Eastman-Kodak film, motion picture film• Bell-telephone• Marconi-radio• Ford-assembly-line built automobiles• Wright Brothers-flight• One invention leads to another and the rate
keeps increasing
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Medicine
• Germ Theory- Louis Pasteur discovers bacteria causes disease
• Joseph Lister links bacteria to post surgery deaths, surgeons begin sterilizing equipment
• Vaccines developed to fight disease
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Science
• Darwin proposes theory of evolution, still controversial today
• Mendel-genetics, traits passed to offspring• Dalton-all matter made of atoms• Medeleev-creates the Periodic Table of
Elements• Curie’s discover radioactivity • Rutherford-atoms have nucleus
surrounded by electrons
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Social Sciences
• Archaeology, anthropology, & psychology all develop in late 19th century
• Scientists want to explain human behavior & development
• Freud-conscious & unconscious both influence human behavior
• Pavlov-animals (people too) can be trained for automatic response
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Mass Culture
• The increase in education led to a larger market for art, music, & literature
• Labor reforms lead to more leisure time which also increased the market for the arts
• Spectator sports also developed
• Music, vaudeville, & movies also spread cultural ideas