Demographic, health-statistics and vital-statistics indicators and their sources

Ivana Kolčić, MD, PhD Izvor fotografije: http://www.ursispaltenstein.ch

VITAL STATISTIC VITAL STATISTIC INDICATORS:INDICATORS:

natality, mortality, nuptiality, natality, mortality, nuptiality, divorciality, imigrations and emigrationsdivorciality, imigrations and emigrations

LIFE EVENTS IN POPULATION:LIFE EVENTS IN POPULATION: child-birth, death, marriages, divorces child-birth, death, marriages, divorces

and migrationsand migrations

TRENDS IN POPULATIONTRENDS IN POPULATIONnatural and migrationsnatural and migrations

Positive component is comprised of:Positive component is comprised of:• NatalityNatality• ImmigrationImmigration

-- together lead to population size increase together lead to population size increase

Natural trends in poulation Natural trends in poulation are caused by increase or are caused by increase or decrease of population size which is influenced by internal decrease of population size which is influenced by internal components: components: natality and mortality.natality and mortality.

Negative component is comprised ofNegative component is comprised of:: MortalityMortality EmmigrationEmmigration

-- togethertogether lead to population size decreaselead to population size decrease

Mechanical Mechanical trends in population are influenced by trends in population are influenced by immigrations and emmigrations of population.immigrations and emmigrations of population.

Population trends in a certain area can result in Population trends in a certain area can result in increase, increase, stagnation orstagnation or decreasedecrease of population size. of population size.

COMPONENTS OF NATURAL TRENDCOMPONENTS OF NATURAL TREND

NATALITY

MORTALITY

NATURAL TREND

• number of number of live-born childrenlive-born children per 1 000 inhabitants per 1 000 inhabitants in a year and in a certain area in a year and in a certain area

• number of deadnumber of dead people people per 1 000 inhabitants per 1 000 inhabitants in a year and in a certain areain a year and in a certain area

• difference between the number ofdifference between the number of life-born people life-born people and dead people per 1 000 inhabitants in a and dead people per 1 000 inhabitants in a year and in a certain area year and in a certain area

FERTILITY

FECONDITY

• number of live-born children per 1 000 number of live-born children per 1 000 women of child-bearing age (15 – 49 women of child-bearing age (15 – 49 years) in a year in a certain area years) in a year in a certain area

• physiological ability to give birth physiological ability to give birth

Hrvatski zavod za javno zdravstvo, Hrvatski zdravstveno-statistički ljetopis za 2008. godinu, Zagreb, 2009.

NATALITY AND MORTALITY RATE IN NATALITY AND MORTALITY RATE IN PGŽ FROM 1987 – 2001. PGŽ FROM 1987 – 2001.

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natalitet mortalitet

Factors influencing fertility decreaseFactors influencing fertility decrease

In the process of In the process of industrializationindustrialization and and urbanizationurbanization there are three parallel processes: there are three parallel processes:

1. growing share of economically active female 1. growing share of economically active female population, population,

2. growing level of education2. growing level of education3. growing share of nonagricultural 3. growing share of nonagricultural

occupationsoccupations

… … leading to many other social processes such as leading to many other social processes such as intensified tendency towards family planning, intensified tendency towards family planning, awareness of possibility for creation of appropriate awareness of possibility for creation of appropriate living standards...living standards...

Polašek O et al. Collegium Antropologicum, 2005;29(1):249-55.

Quarterly data on birth pattern in Croatia

Seasonal pattern of (a) births and (b) marriages in Croatia – 1998-2002.

Polašek O et al. Collegium Antropologicum, 2005;29(1):249-55.

September January

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Industrialization and urbanizationIndustrialization and urbanization

Growing share ofGrowing share of employed employed

womenwomen

Limitation of number Limitation of number of birth-givingsof birth-givings

Fertility decreaseFertility decrease

More More educated educated

peoplepeople

Less and less Less and less farmersfarmers

AlteredAlteredsocial status of social status of

womenwomen

ContraceptivesContraceptives

Rising costs of Rising costs of upbringing and upbringing and

education of education of childrenchildren

Decrease inDecrease in tradition tradition influenceinfluence

Awareness of Awareness of the possibility of the possibility of

higher living higher living standardstandard

Tendency Tendency towards family towards family

planningplanning

Marriage later in lifeMarriage later in life

NUPTIALITY

DIVORCIALITY

• number of marriages per 1,000 number of marriages per 1,000 inhabitants in a year and in a certain area inhabitants in a year and in a certain area

• number of divorces in a year per 1,000 number of divorces in a year per 1,000 marriages and in a certain areamarriages and in a certain area

INFANTMORTALITY

SPECIFIC MORTALITY

• number of dead infants per 1,000 live-born childrennumber of dead infants per 1,000 live-born children in a year in a certain area (child from 0-11 months)in a year in a certain area (child from 0-11 months)

• mortality according to sex and age (per mortality according to sex and age (per 1 000 inhabitants), or certain categories of 1 000 inhabitants), or certain categories of diseases (per 10,000 or 100,000 diseases (per 10,000 or 100,000 inhabitants) in a year in a certain areainhabitants) in a year in a certain area

MORTALITY

(MORTALITY) AND ITS DETERMINANTS(MORTALITY) AND ITS DETERMINANTS

Mortality is a Mortality is a negative component of natural and totalnegative component of natural and total population population movementmovement which influences decrease in total which influences decrease in total population size. Mortality, especially infant mortality, is an population size. Mortality, especially infant mortality, is an important indicator of living standard. important indicator of living standard. Population mortality data are extremely important for Population mortality data are extremely important for objective evaluation of inhabitants’ health and for a country’s objective evaluation of inhabitants’ health and for a country’s social policy. social policy. General mortality level is defined by two groups of factors:General mortality level is defined by two groups of factors:

• economic– socialeconomic– social

• biologicalbiological age composition of population and number of individual age composition of population and number of individual features determinig person’s health features determinig person’s health

level of living standard, as well as level level of living standard, as well as level of education and level of health care of education and level of health care (quality of health care)(quality of health care)

MigrationMigration refers to refers to spacial mobility of population.spacial mobility of population.State is considered to be a spacial unit of observation (if we are State is considered to be a spacial unit of observation (if we are talking about external migration) or smaller talking about external migration) or smaller administrative-administrative-territorial unitterritorial unit (municipality, town) if we are talking about (municipality, town) if we are talking about internal migration.internal migration.

There are countries which almost traditionally There are countries which almost traditionally “export”“export” labor labor (Ireland, Mediterranean countries...), or (Ireland, Mediterranean countries...), or “import”“import” it (Austria, it (Austria, Canada, New Zealand...)Canada, New Zealand...)

•emmigratioemmigrationn

moving inmoving in

moving out, moving awaymoving out, moving away

Basic Basic components:components:

•immigratiimmigrationon

MECHANICAL MOVEMENT IN POPULATIONMECHANICAL MOVEMENT IN POPULATION

MIGRATIONS