demographic transition...
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![Page 1: Demographic transition modelcpb-eu-w2.wpmucdn.com/.../2015/05/demographic-transition-model-v2-1sd9xcf.pdfDemographic transition model The demographic transition model shows how a population](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042518/5f94c603766ea712b90948c2/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
PopulationDemographic
transition model“fertility and mortality vary over time: Demographic Transition Model — reasons for differences in fertility and mortality in the stages of the model; differences between economically more developed countries (EMDCs) and economically less developed countries (ELDCs) ”
SQA
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Demographic transition model
The demographic transition model shows how a population will change over time as it changes from an agrarian society to an industrial, and post-industrial one.
Population
![Page 3: Demographic transition modelcpb-eu-w2.wpmucdn.com/.../2015/05/demographic-transition-model-v2-1sd9xcf.pdfDemographic transition model The demographic transition model shows how a population](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042518/5f94c603766ea712b90948c2/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Demographic transition model
The demographic transition model shows how a population will change over time as it changes from an agrarian society to an industrial, and post-industrial one.
Population
Stage 1.
Birth and deathrates are both high, leading to a low but stable population.
High fluctuating
UK pre 1760/Industrial Revolution.
Ethiopia/Bangladesh/Rainforest tribes presently.
![Page 4: Demographic transition modelcpb-eu-w2.wpmucdn.com/.../2015/05/demographic-transition-model-v2-1sd9xcf.pdfDemographic transition model The demographic transition model shows how a population](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042518/5f94c603766ea712b90948c2/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Demographic transition model
The demographic transition model shows how a population will change over time as it changes from an agrarian society to an industrial, and post-industrial one.
Population
Stage 2.
Birth remain high but now death rates start to fall dramatically, leading to a rising population.
Early expanding
UK pre 1760-1880.
Peru/Sri Lanka/Kenya presently.
![Page 5: Demographic transition modelcpb-eu-w2.wpmucdn.com/.../2015/05/demographic-transition-model-v2-1sd9xcf.pdfDemographic transition model The demographic transition model shows how a population](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042518/5f94c603766ea712b90948c2/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Demographic transition model
The demographic transition model shows how a population will change over time as it changes from an agrarian society to an industrial, and post-industrial one.
Population
Stage 3.
Birth start to fall now and death rates continue to fall, causing the population to continue to rise but less quickly now as the gap between births and deaths is closing.
Late expanding
UK 1880-1940
China/Cuba/Australia presently.
![Page 6: Demographic transition modelcpb-eu-w2.wpmucdn.com/.../2015/05/demographic-transition-model-v2-1sd9xcf.pdfDemographic transition model The demographic transition model shows how a population](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042518/5f94c603766ea712b90948c2/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Demographic transition model
The demographic transition model shows how a population will change over time as it changes from an agrarian society to an industrial, and post-industrial one.
Population
Stage 4.
Birth and death rates are now both low, causing the population to be more stable but high.
Low fluctuating
UK post 1940
Canada/USA/Japan.
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Demographic transition modelPopulation
Each stage creates population pyramids unique to that stage.
![Page 8: Demographic transition modelcpb-eu-w2.wpmucdn.com/.../2015/05/demographic-transition-model-v2-1sd9xcf.pdfDemographic transition model The demographic transition model shows how a population](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042518/5f94c603766ea712b90948c2/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Demographic transition modelPopulation
Stage 1.
Birth rates are high because:
No birth control or family planning.
![Page 9: Demographic transition modelcpb-eu-w2.wpmucdn.com/.../2015/05/demographic-transition-model-v2-1sd9xcf.pdfDemographic transition model The demographic transition model shows how a population](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042518/5f94c603766ea712b90948c2/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Demographic transition modelPopulation
Stage 1.
Birth rates are high because:
No birth control or family planning.
High infant mortality rate so parents produce more in hope that several will survive.
![Page 10: Demographic transition modelcpb-eu-w2.wpmucdn.com/.../2015/05/demographic-transition-model-v2-1sd9xcf.pdfDemographic transition model The demographic transition model shows how a population](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042518/5f94c603766ea712b90948c2/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Demographic transition modelPopulation
Stage 1.
Birth rates are high because:
No birth control or family planning.
High infant mortality rate so parents produce more in hope that several will survive.
Many children needed to work in agriculture
![Page 11: Demographic transition modelcpb-eu-w2.wpmucdn.com/.../2015/05/demographic-transition-model-v2-1sd9xcf.pdfDemographic transition model The demographic transition model shows how a population](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042518/5f94c603766ea712b90948c2/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Demographic transition modelPopulation
Stage 1.
Birth rates are high because:
No birth control or family planning.
High infant mortality rate so parents produce more in hope that several will survive.
Many children needed to work in agriculture
Children expected to support parents in later life in the absence of pensions.
![Page 12: Demographic transition modelcpb-eu-w2.wpmucdn.com/.../2015/05/demographic-transition-model-v2-1sd9xcf.pdfDemographic transition model The demographic transition model shows how a population](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042518/5f94c603766ea712b90948c2/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Demographic transition modelPopulation
Stage 1.
Birth rates are high because:
No birth control or family planning.
High infant mortality rate so parents produce more in hope that several will survive.
Many children needed to work in agriculture
Children expected to support parents in later life in the absence of pensions.
Children regarded as a sign of virility and status in some societies.
![Page 13: Demographic transition modelcpb-eu-w2.wpmucdn.com/.../2015/05/demographic-transition-model-v2-1sd9xcf.pdfDemographic transition model The demographic transition model shows how a population](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042518/5f94c603766ea712b90948c2/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Demographic transition modelPopulation
Stage 1.
Birth rates are high because:
No birth control or family planning.
High infant mortality rate so parents produce more in hope that several will survive.
Many children needed to work in agriculture
Children expected to support parents in later life in the absence of pensions.
Children regarded as a sign of virility and status in some societies.
Religious beliefs - Roman Catholics, Muslims, Hindus, encourage large families.
![Page 14: Demographic transition modelcpb-eu-w2.wpmucdn.com/.../2015/05/demographic-transition-model-v2-1sd9xcf.pdfDemographic transition model The demographic transition model shows how a population](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042518/5f94c603766ea712b90948c2/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Demographic transition modelPopulation
Stage 1.
Death rates are high because:
Lack of access to medical science/supplies - few doctors, hospitals, drugs.
![Page 15: Demographic transition modelcpb-eu-w2.wpmucdn.com/.../2015/05/demographic-transition-model-v2-1sd9xcf.pdfDemographic transition model The demographic transition model shows how a population](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042518/5f94c603766ea712b90948c2/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Demographic transition modelPopulation
Stage 1.
Death rates are high because:
Lack of access to medical science/supplies - few doctors, hospitals, drugs.
Poor hygiene - no piped, clean water systems, no proper, safe sewage disposal systems.
![Page 16: Demographic transition modelcpb-eu-w2.wpmucdn.com/.../2015/05/demographic-transition-model-v2-1sd9xcf.pdfDemographic transition model The demographic transition model shows how a population](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042518/5f94c603766ea712b90948c2/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Demographic transition modelPopulation
Stage 1.
Death rates are high because:
Lack of access to medical science/supplies - few doctors, hospitals, drugs.
Poor hygiene - no piped, clean water systems, no proper, safe sewage disposal systems.
Famine, uncertain food supplies, poor diets.
![Page 17: Demographic transition modelcpb-eu-w2.wpmucdn.com/.../2015/05/demographic-transition-model-v2-1sd9xcf.pdfDemographic transition model The demographic transition model shows how a population](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042518/5f94c603766ea712b90948c2/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Demographic transition modelPopulation
Stage 1.
Death rates are high because:
Lack of access to medical science/supplies - few doctors, hospitals, drugs.
Poor hygiene - no piped, clean water systems, no proper, safe sewage disposal systems.
Famine, uncertain food supplies, poor diets.
Disease spread by lack of access to clean water/plague (bubonic, cholera, bilharzias).
![Page 18: Demographic transition modelcpb-eu-w2.wpmucdn.com/.../2015/05/demographic-transition-model-v2-1sd9xcf.pdfDemographic transition model The demographic transition model shows how a population](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042518/5f94c603766ea712b90948c2/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Demographic transition modelPopulation
Stage 1.
Natural increase (population growth) is low because although there are a lot of births the similarly high number of deaths effectively cancels them out, leaving a low but stable population.
![Page 19: Demographic transition modelcpb-eu-w2.wpmucdn.com/.../2015/05/demographic-transition-model-v2-1sd9xcf.pdfDemographic transition model The demographic transition model shows how a population](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042518/5f94c603766ea712b90948c2/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Demographic transition modelPopulation
Stage 2.
Birth rates remain high because of all the same reasons as for Stage 1.
![Page 20: Demographic transition modelcpb-eu-w2.wpmucdn.com/.../2015/05/demographic-transition-model-v2-1sd9xcf.pdfDemographic transition model The demographic transition model shows how a population](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042518/5f94c603766ea712b90948c2/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Demographic transition modelPopulation
Stage 2.
Death rates begin to fall because:
Improved medical care -antibiotics, vaccinations, hospitals, doctors, drugs, scientific innovations which combined to reduce infant mortality rates.
![Page 21: Demographic transition modelcpb-eu-w2.wpmucdn.com/.../2015/05/demographic-transition-model-v2-1sd9xcf.pdfDemographic transition model The demographic transition model shows how a population](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042518/5f94c603766ea712b90948c2/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Demographic transition modelPopulation
Stage 2.
Death rates begin to fall because:
Improved medical care -antibiotics, vaccinations, hospitals, doctors, drugs, scientific innovations which combined to reduce infant mortality rates.
Improved sanitation and water supply systems reduces disease.
![Page 22: Demographic transition modelcpb-eu-w2.wpmucdn.com/.../2015/05/demographic-transition-model-v2-1sd9xcf.pdfDemographic transition model The demographic transition model shows how a population](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042518/5f94c603766ea712b90948c2/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Demographic transition modelPopulation
Stage 2.
Death rates begin to fall because:
Improved medical care -antibiotics, vaccinations, hospitals, doctors, drugs, scientific innovations which combined to reduce infant mortality rates.
Improved sanitation and water supply systems reduces disease.
Improvements in agricultural efficiency increased quality and quantity of food production, reducing shortages.
![Page 23: Demographic transition modelcpb-eu-w2.wpmucdn.com/.../2015/05/demographic-transition-model-v2-1sd9xcf.pdfDemographic transition model The demographic transition model shows how a population](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042518/5f94c603766ea712b90948c2/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Demographic transition modelPopulation
Stage 2.
Death rates begin to fall because:
Improved medical care -antibiotics, vaccinations, hospitals, doctors, drugs, scientific innovations which combined to reduce infant mortality rates.
Improved sanitation and water supply systems reduces disease.
Improvements in agricultural efficiency increased quality and quantity of food production, reducing shortages.
Improved communications to transport food, doctors, medicines etc.
![Page 24: Demographic transition modelcpb-eu-w2.wpmucdn.com/.../2015/05/demographic-transition-model-v2-1sd9xcf.pdfDemographic transition model The demographic transition model shows how a population](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042518/5f94c603766ea712b90948c2/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Demographic transition modelPopulation
Stage 2.
Natural increase (population growth) is high because there is now a large gap between births and deaths, increasing the population rapidly.
![Page 25: Demographic transition modelcpb-eu-w2.wpmucdn.com/.../2015/05/demographic-transition-model-v2-1sd9xcf.pdfDemographic transition model The demographic transition model shows how a population](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042518/5f94c603766ea712b90948c2/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Demographic transition modelPopulation
Stage 3.
Birth rates begin to fall because:
Lower infant mortality rate means less pressure to have many children.
![Page 26: Demographic transition modelcpb-eu-w2.wpmucdn.com/.../2015/05/demographic-transition-model-v2-1sd9xcf.pdfDemographic transition model The demographic transition model shows how a population](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042518/5f94c603766ea712b90948c2/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Demographic transition modelPopulation
Stage 3.
Birth rates begin to fall because:
Lower infant mortality rate means less pressure to have many children.
Widespread availability and knowledge of family planning- contraceptives, abortion, sterilisation and government incentives (anti-natalist policies –China).
![Page 27: Demographic transition modelcpb-eu-w2.wpmucdn.com/.../2015/05/demographic-transition-model-v2-1sd9xcf.pdfDemographic transition model The demographic transition model shows how a population](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042518/5f94c603766ea712b90948c2/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Demographic transition modelPopulation
Stage 3.
Birth rates begin to fall because:
Lower infant mortality rate means less pressure to have many children.
Widespread availability and knowledge of family planning- contraceptives, abortion, sterilisation and government incentives (anti-natalist policies –China).
Change from agrarian to anindustrial society and mechanisation leads to a reduction in workforce requirements.
![Page 28: Demographic transition modelcpb-eu-w2.wpmucdn.com/.../2015/05/demographic-transition-model-v2-1sd9xcf.pdfDemographic transition model The demographic transition model shows how a population](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042518/5f94c603766ea712b90948c2/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Demographic transition modelPopulation
Stage 3.
Birth rates begin to fall because:
Lower infant mortality rate means less pressure to have many children.
Widespread availability and knowledge of family planning- contraceptives, abortion, sterilisation and government incentives (anti-natalist policies –China).
Change from agrarian to anindustrial society and mechanisation leads to a reduction in workforce requirements.
Welfare systems i.e. pensions meant children no longer needed to care for parents in old age.
![Page 29: Demographic transition modelcpb-eu-w2.wpmucdn.com/.../2015/05/demographic-transition-model-v2-1sd9xcf.pdfDemographic transition model The demographic transition model shows how a population](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042518/5f94c603766ea712b90948c2/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Demographic transition modelPopulation
Stage 3.
Birth rates begin to fall because:
Emancipation of womenand improved educational opportunities has increased status of women, enabling them to pursue careers and so delay child-bearing.
![Page 30: Demographic transition modelcpb-eu-w2.wpmucdn.com/.../2015/05/demographic-transition-model-v2-1sd9xcf.pdfDemographic transition model The demographic transition model shows how a population](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042518/5f94c603766ea712b90948c2/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Demographic transition modelPopulation
Stage 3.
Birth rates begin to fall because:
Emancipation of womenand improved educational opportunities has increased status of women, enabling them to pursue careers and so delay child-bearing.
Large families increasingly viewed as an economic and social burden.
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Demographic transition modelPopulation
Stage 3.
Birth rates begin to fall because:
Emancipation of womenand improved educational opportunities has increased status of women, enabling them to pursue careers and so delay child-bearing.
Large families increasingly viewed as an economic and social burden.
Increased desire to pursue material lifestyles (cars, holidays, bigger homes) and less for large families.
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Demographic transition modelPopulation
Stage 3.
Natural increase (population growth) remains high due to the gap between births and deaths but as this stage progresses the increase gets less as births and deaths match up again.
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Demographic transition modelPopulation
Stage 3/4.
Death rates continue to fall because of ongoing developments in health and hygiene already mentioned.
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Demographic transition modelPopulation
Stage 3/4.
Death rates remain low because:
Continued advances in paediatric care further reduce infant mortality rates.
![Page 35: Demographic transition modelcpb-eu-w2.wpmucdn.com/.../2015/05/demographic-transition-model-v2-1sd9xcf.pdfDemographic transition model The demographic transition model shows how a population](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042518/5f94c603766ea712b90948c2/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Demographic transition modelPopulation
Stage 3/4.
Death rates remain low because:
Continued advances in paediatric care further reduce infant mortality rates.
Improved diets
![Page 36: Demographic transition modelcpb-eu-w2.wpmucdn.com/.../2015/05/demographic-transition-model-v2-1sd9xcf.pdfDemographic transition model The demographic transition model shows how a population](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042518/5f94c603766ea712b90948c2/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Demographic transition modelPopulation
Stage 3/4.
Death rates remain low because:
Continued advances in paediatric care further reduce infant mortality rates.
Improved diets
Continued advances in geriatric care increase life expectancy
![Page 37: Demographic transition modelcpb-eu-w2.wpmucdn.com/.../2015/05/demographic-transition-model-v2-1sd9xcf.pdfDemographic transition model The demographic transition model shows how a population](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042518/5f94c603766ea712b90948c2/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Demographic transition modelPopulation
Stage 3/4.
Death rates remain low because:
Continued advances in paediatric care further reduce infant mortality rates.
Improved diets
Continued advances in geriatric care increase life expectancy
Increase in preventative health care
![Page 38: Demographic transition modelcpb-eu-w2.wpmucdn.com/.../2015/05/demographic-transition-model-v2-1sd9xcf.pdfDemographic transition model The demographic transition model shows how a population](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042518/5f94c603766ea712b90948c2/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Demographic transition modelPopulation
Stage 3/4.
Death rates remain low because:
Continued advances in paediatric care further reduce infant mortality rates.
Improved diets
Continued advances in geriatric care increase life expectancy
Increase in preventative health care
Enhanced public services for elderly -specialised care workers, day-centres, residential homes, sheltered housing, meals-on-wheels.
![Page 39: Demographic transition modelcpb-eu-w2.wpmucdn.com/.../2015/05/demographic-transition-model-v2-1sd9xcf.pdfDemographic transition model The demographic transition model shows how a population](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042518/5f94c603766ea712b90948c2/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Demographic transition modelPopulation
Stage 3/4.
Death rates remain low because:
Continued advances in paediatric care further reduce infant mortality rates.
Improved diets
Continued advances in geriatric care increase life expectancy
Increase in preventative health care
Enhanced public services for elderly -specialised care workers, day-centres, residential homes, sheltered housing, meals-on-wheels.
Universal state pension scheme and increasing uptake of private pensions have increased affluence of elderly and so increased life expectancy.
![Page 40: Demographic transition modelcpb-eu-w2.wpmucdn.com/.../2015/05/demographic-transition-model-v2-1sd9xcf.pdfDemographic transition model The demographic transition model shows how a population](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042518/5f94c603766ea712b90948c2/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Demographic transition modelPopulation
Stage 4.
Birth rates continue to fall for all the same reasons as
Stage 3.
![Page 41: Demographic transition modelcpb-eu-w2.wpmucdn.com/.../2015/05/demographic-transition-model-v2-1sd9xcf.pdfDemographic transition model The demographic transition model shows how a population](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042518/5f94c603766ea712b90948c2/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Demographic transition modelPopulation
Stage 4.
Natural increase (population growth) is again low as births and deaths virtually cancel each other out, but now the population is high..
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Demographic transition modelPopulation
Stage 1. ____________________________________________________________________________________
Stage 2. ____________________________________________________________________________________
Stage 3. ____________________________________________________________________________________
Stage 4. ____________________________________________________________________________________
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Demographic transition modelPopulation
Stage 1. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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Demographic transition modelPopulation
Stage 2. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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Demographic transition modelPopulation
Stage 3. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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Demographic transition modelPopulation
Stage 4. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________