DENT 1120 Related Anatomy

Unit 1

Into to the Human Body

1&2 Define and Sequence of organization

• Anatomy- study of structure

• Physiology- study of function

• Organic- carbon- plant or animal

• Inorganic- mineral

• Chemical- atoms molecules

• Cellular• Tissue• Organs• Systems• Organism- human

being

1 Chemical level- an atom and its’ parts

• All matter is composed of basic substances called elements. (Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen)

• An atom is the smallest unit of an element

• Atoms have a nucleus (protons and neutrons) and shells (holding electrons)

1. ATOMIC subparticles

• Protons have a POSITIVE charge

• Neutrons have NO charge

• Electrons have a NEGATIVE charge

• The magnetic pull of the positive protons keep the negative electrons attached to the atom.

• In stable atoms # p= # e

1. Atomic shells

• There are 6 shells on which electrons orbit an atom

• The inner shell holds 2 electron

• All other shells hold 8 electrons

• Shells are named k,l,m,n,o,p

Describe ionic and covalent bonds

• 2 or more atoms may combine to form MOLECULES ( the way letters combine to form words)

• There are 2 ways for the atoms to combine: COVALENT or IONIC

COVALENT BOND

• Atoms join by sharing an electron

• Water H2O is an example

• To illustrate with letters: the words never and rest would look like

neverest

IONIC Bond

• If an electron leaves an atom, that atom has a positive charge (Now called an ION)

• This results in a loose electron (free electron) who may find shelter on another atom whose outer shell is not full, creating a negative charge (Now called an ion).

• Example: Sodium Chloride (NACL)

Ionic Bond

• The negative and positive ions join, held together by the charges.

Describe an Electrolyte

• Substances that break apart (ionize) in water and release ions are called electrolytes

• Acids, bases and salts are examples

• Electrolyte balance in blood and body tissues is important to health.

pH

• Ions that release H+ positive Hydrogen ions are ACIDS (low pH 0-7)

• Ions that release negative hydroxyl ions OH- and BASES (high pH 7-14)

3. 10 Systems

• Integumentary

• Skeletal

• Muscular

• Nervous

• Endocrine

• Circulatory

• Respiratoy

• Digestive

• Urinary

• Reproductive

4. Metabolism

• All chemical processes in the body

• Breaking down phase

Catabolism

• Building up phase

Anabolism

5. Homeostasis

• Balance through body feedback systems

• Temperature• Blood sugar level• Labor

6. Anatomical position of body

• Stand erect, eyes forward, arms at side, palms and toes forward

7. Orientation terms

• Superior-above(head)• Inferior- below (feet)• Anterior- front• Posterior- back• Medial/proximal- toward

midline• Lateral/distal- away from

midline• Superficial-close to

surface• Deep- inward

8. Planes

• Sagital & Midsagital- right & left

• Transverse- superior & inferior

• Frontal- anterior & posterior

9. Regions & Cavities

• Regions- Axial ( head & trunk)& Appendicular(arms & legs)

• Dorsal- cranial & vertebral

• Ventral- thoracic, abdominopelvic

THE END

• Was this Unit a little fishy???