DEPARTMENT OF ANATOMY

IGMC SHIMLA

Competency Based Under Graduate Curriculum - 2019

Number COMPETENCY

The student should be able to

Objective

At the end of the session student should know

AN1.1 Demonstrate normal anatomical position, various

planes, relation, comparison, laterality &

movement in our body

a) Define and demonstrate various positions and planes

b) Anatomical terms used for lower trunk, limbs, joint

movements, bony features, blood vessels, nerves, fascia,

muscles and clinical anatomy

AN1.2 Describe composition of bone and bone marrow a) Various classifications of bones

b) Structure of bone

AN2.1 Describe parts, blood and nerve supply of a long bone a) Parts of young bone

b) Types of epiphysis

c) Blood supply of bone

d) Nerve supply of bone

AN2.2 Enumerate laws of ossification a) Development and ossification of bones with laws of

ossification

b) Medico legal and anthropological aspects of bones

AN2.3 Enumerate special features of a sesamoid bone a) Enumerate various sesamoid bones with their features

and functions

AN2.4 Describe various types of cartilage with its structure &

distribution in body

a) Differences between bones and cartilage

b) Characteristics features of cartilage

c) Types of cartilage and their distribution in body

AN2.5 Describe various joints with subtypes and examples a) Various classification of joints

b) Features and different types of fibrous joints with

examples

c) Features of primary and secondary cartilaginous joints

d) Different types of synovial joints

e) Structure and function of typical synovial joint

f) Joint positions

g) Factors maintaining stability of joints

AN2.6 Explain the concept of nerve supply of joints & Hilton’s

law

a) Nerve supply of joints and Hilton law

AN3.1 Classify muscle tissue according to structure & action a) Define muscles

b) Differentiate between skeletal, smooth and cardiac

muscles

c) Fascicular architecture and nomenclature of muscles

AN3.2 Enumerate parts of skeletal muscle and differentiate

between tendons and aponeuroses with examples

a) Parts of muscle

b) Differentiate between tendon and aponeurosis with

examples

AN3.3 Explain Shunt and spurt muscles a) Explain agonist, antagonist, fixator and synergist muscles

AN4.1 Describe different types of skin & dermatomes in body a) Differentiate between thick and thin skin

b) Types of surface irregularities of skin with papillary

ridges in fingerprints

c) Define dermatome with clinical correlation

AN4.2 Describe structure & function of skin with its appendages a) Principal layers of skin with their subtypes

b) Enumerate functions of skin

c) Enumerate appendages, their structure and subtypes with

functions

AN4.3 Describe superficial fascia along with fat distribution in

body

a) Define distribution, features and functions of superficial

fascia

b) Types of fat and its distribution in superficial fascia

AN4.4 Describe modifications of deep fascia with its functions a) Define distribution, features, function and modification of

fascia

AN4.5 Explain principles of skin incisions a) Principles of skin incisions along Langer’s lines

AN5.1 Differentiate between blood vascular and lymphatic

system

a) Differences between blood vascular system and

lymphatic system.

b) Comparison of lymph and blood capillaries.

AN5.2 Differentiate between pulmonary and systemic

circulation

a) Describe pulmonary and systemic circulation.

AN5.3 List general differences between arteries & veins a) Characteristic features of arteries and veins

b) Differences between arteries and veins.

c) Factors helping in venous return.

AN5.4 Explain functional difference between elastic, muscular

arteries and arterioles

a) Classify arteries with functions and examples.

b) Types of capillaries.

c) Differences between capillaries and sinusoids.

AN5.5 Describe portal system giving examples a) Characteristics and examples of portal circulation.

AN5.6 Describe the concept of anastomoses and collateral

circulation with significance of end-arteries

a) Define anastomosis and types of anastomosis.

b) Define collateral circulation.

c) Define end arteries with examples

AN5.7 Explain function of meta-arterioles, precapillary

sphincters, arterio-venous anastomoses

a) Define and write functions of metarteriole, precapillary

sphincters and arteriovenous anastomosis.

AN5.8 Define thrombosis, infarction & aneurysm a) Definition of thrombosis, embolism, infarction and

aneurysm with example.

AN6.1 List the components and functions of the lymphatic

system

a) Define lymphatic system and discuss its functions

b) Elucidate the components of lymphatic system with their

structure and function

AN6.2 Describe structure of lymph capillaries & mechanism of

lymph circulation

a) Circulation of lymph

b) Structure of lymph capillaries

c) Differences between blood and lymph capillaries

AN6.3 Explain the concept of lymphoedema and spread of

tumours via lymphatics and venous system

a) Define lymphadenitis, lymphangitis and lymph oedema

b) Mechanism of spread of tumours via lymphatics and

blood

Topic: Introduction to the nervous system

AN7.1 Describe general plan of nervous system with

components of central, peripheral & autonomic nervous

systems

a) Define nervous system and discuss its function

b) Anatomical and functional subdivisions of nervous

system

c) Components of central peripheral and autonomic nervous

system and their subdivisions

AN7.2 List components of nervous tissue and their functions a) Components and functions of nervous tissue

b) Types, structure and functions of neurological cells

c) Introduction to blood brain barrier

AN7.3 Describe parts of a neuron and classify them based on

number of neurites, size & function

a) Describe structure of neuron

b) Various classification of neurons based on polarity, length

of axon and dendrites, functions

AN7.4 Describe structure of a typical spinal nerve a) Introduction of spinal nerves.

b) Structure of typical spinal nerve.

c) Distribution of sympathetic fibres through spinal nerves.

d) Plexus formation by spinal nerves.

AN7.5 Describe principles of sensory and motor innervation of

muscles

a) Define motor point, motor unit, neurovascular junction,

motor end plate, sole plate, synaptic cleft, composite and

hybrid muscle.

b) Types of muscle receptor.

c) Sensory and motor nerve supply of muscles

AN7.6 Describe concept of loss of innervation of a muscle with

its applied anatomy

a) Define paralysis, spastic and flaccid paralysis in relation

to upper motor neuron and lower motor neurons.

b) Anatomical basis of organophosphorus poisoning and

myasthenia gravis.

AN7.7 Describe various type of synapse a) Define synapse.

b) Structure of synapse.

c) Types of synapse

d) Mechanism of transmission of synapse.

AN7.8 Describe differences between sympathetic and spinal

ganglia

a) Differentiate between sympathetic ganglion and spinal

ganglia.

b) Difference between nucleus and ganglion.

Topic: Features of individual bones (Upper Limb)

AN8.1 Identify the given bone, its side, important features &

keep it in anatomical position

a) Identification, side determination, anatomical position

and important general features of clavicle, scapula,

humerus, radius and ulna

AN8.2 Identify & describe joints formed by the given bone a) Name the joints, type of joints formed by given bones and

the movements occurring at the joints.

b) Demonstrate the movements at joint.

AN8.3 Enumerate peculiarities of clavicle a) Enumerate the functions and peculiarities of the clavicle.

AN8.4 Demonstrate important muscle attachment on the given

bone

a) Attachments of important muscles on the given bone and

applied aspect of the bone.

AN8.5 Identify and name various bones in articulated hand,

Specify the parts of metacarpals and phalanges and

enumerate the peculiarities of pisiform

a) Identification with important features in the articulated

hand, parts of metacarpals and phalanges and peculiarities

of pissiform with applied aspect of bones of hand.

AN8.6 Describe scaphoid fracture and explain the anatomical

basis of avascular

necrosis

a) Blood supply of scaphoid and anatomical basis of

avascular necrosis.

Topic: Pectoral region

AN9.1 Describe attachment, nerve supply & action of

pectoralis major and pectoralis minor

a) Origin, insertion, actions and nerve supply of pectoralis

major and minor.

b) Identification and demonstrate the action of pectoralis

major.

AN9.2 Breast: Describe the location, extent, deep relations,

structure, age changes, blood supply, lymphatic drainage,

microanatomy and applied anatomy of breast

a) Location, shape and extent, deep relations, structure, age

changes, lymphatic drainage, nerve supply,

microanatomy, applied of breast with diagrams.

b) Demonstrate the deep relations of breast

AN9.3 Describe development of breast a) Development of breast with congenital anomalies of

breast.

Topic: Axilla, Shoulder and Scapular region

AN10.1 Identify & describe boundaries and contents of axilla a) Describe the boundaries with diagrams and enumerate the

contents of axilla.

b) Demonstrate the boundaries and contents of axilla.

AN10.2 Identify, describe and demonstrate the origin, extent,

course, parts, relations and branches of axillary artery &

tributaries of vein

a) Identification and description of origin, extent, course,

parts, relations and branches of axillary artery with

applied aspect and diagrams of axillary artery.

b) Formation and tributaries of axillary vein.

c) Demonstrate axillary artery and its branches.

AN10.3 Describe, identify and demonstrate formation, branches,

relations, area of supply of branches, course and relations

of terminal branches of brachial plexus

a) Roots, trunks, divisions and branches of brachial plexus,

area of supply of branches with diagram.

b) Demonstrate the brachial plexus.

AN10.4 Describe the anatomical groups of axillary lymph nodes

and specify their areas of drainage

a) Description of groups of axillary lymph nodes with areas

of drainage with diagram and applied aspect.

b) Demonstrate the examination of axillary lymph nodes.

AN10.5 Explain variations in formation of brachial plexus a) Description of prefixed and post fixed brachial plexus.

AN10.6 Explain the anatomical basis of clinical features of Erb’s

palsy and Klumpke’s paralysis

a) Description of Erb’s point, cause of injury, nerve roots

involved, muscles paralysed, deformity and disability

caused by Erb’s paralysis.

b) Description of cause of injury, nerve roots involved,

muscle paralysed, deformity and disability caused by

Klumpke’s paralysis.

AN10.7 Explain anatomical basis of enlarged axillary lymph

nodes

a) Clinical correlation of enlarged axillary lymph nodes.

AN10.8 Describe, identify and demonstrate the position,

attachment, nerve supply and actions of trapezius and

latissimus dorsi

a) Origin, insertion, nerve supply and actions of trapezius

and latissimus dorsi muscles with applied aspects.

b) Demonstrate the actions of trapezius and serratus anterior.

AN10.9 Describe the arterial anastomosis around the scapula and

mention the boundaries of triangle of auscultation

a) Description of arteries forming anastomosis around body

of scapula and acromion process and collateral

circulation.

b) Boundaries of triangle of auscultation and its applied

importance.

AN10.10 Describe and identify the deltoid and rotator cuff

muscles

a) Description of origin, insertion, nerve supply, action,

applied aspect of deltoid and demonstration of its action.

b) Description of muscles forming rotator cuff, functions of

rotator cuff and applied aspect.

AN10.11 Describe & demonstrate attachment of serratus anterior

with its action

a) Origin, insertion, nerve supply, action and applied

importance of serratus anterior.

b) Demonstrate action of serratus anterior.

AN10.12 Describe and demonstrate shoulder joint for– type,

articular surfaces, capsule, synovial membrane,

ligaments, relations, movements, muscles involved,

blood supply, nerve supply and applied anatomy

a) Description of shoulder joint for type, articular surfaces,

capsule, synovial membrane, ligaments, relations,

movements, muscles involved in movements, blood

supply, nerve supply and applied anatomy of shoulder

joint with diagram.

b) Demonstration of movements at shoulder joint.

AN10.13 Explain anatomical basis of Injury to axillary nerve

during intramuscular

injections

a) Description of origin, course, branches and applied aspect

of axillary nerve with diagram.

Topic: Arm & Cubital fossa

AN11.1 Describe and demonstrate muscle groups of upper arm

with emphasis on biceps and triceps brachii

a) Enumerate the contents of anterior and posterior

compartments of arm.

b) Origin, insertion, nerve supply and actions of biceps and

triceps muscles.

c) Demonstrate biceps and triceps.

AN11.2 Identify & describe origin, course, relations,

branches (or tributaries), termination of important

nerves and vessels in arm

a) Description of origin, root value, course, relations and

branches of musculocutaneous nerve.

b) Origin, course, relations and branches and applied aspect

of brachial artery.

c) Demonstrate musculocutaneous nerve and brachial artery.

AN11.3 Describe the anatomical basis of Venepuncture of cubital

veins

a) Description of median cubital vein and anatomical basis

of venepuncture.

b) Demonstration of median cubital vein.

AN11.4 Describe the anatomical basis of Saturday night paralysis a) Description of radial nerve and anatomical basis of

Saturday night palsy.

b) Demonstration of radial nerve.

AN11.5 Identify & describe boundaries and contents of cubital

fossa

a) Description of boundaries, contents, applied of cubital

fossa with diagrams.

b) Demonstration of boundaries and contents of cubital

fossa.

AN11.6 Describe the anastomosis around the elbow joint a) Description of arteries forming anastomosis around elbow

joint with diagrams.

Topic: Forearm & hand

AN12.1 Describe and demonstrate important muscle groups of

ventral forearm with attachments, nerve supply and

actions

a) Describe origin, insertion, nerve supply and actions of

muscles of front of forearm.

b) Demonstrate the common flexor origin and muscles of

front of forearm.

AN12.2 Identify & describe origin, course, relations,

branches (or tributaries), termination of important

nerves and vessels of forearm

a) Description of ulnar and median nerve in forearm with

applied and diagrams.

b) Demonstrate ulnar nerve and median nerve in forearm.

AN12.3 Identify & describe flexor retinaculum with its

attachments

a) Description of flexor retinaculum with attachments and

structures passing superficial and deep to it with

diagrams.

b) Demonstration of flexor retinaculum.

AN12.4 Explain anatomical basis of carpal tunnel syndrome a) Description of causes and characteristic clinical features

of carpal tunnel syndrome.

AN12.5 Identify & describe small muscles of hand. Also describe

movements of

thumb and muscles involved

a) Description of intrinsic muscles of hand.

b) Description of movements of thumb and muscle

producing them.

c) Demonstrate movements of thumb and small joints of

hand.

AN12.6 Describe & demonstrate movements of thumb and

muscles involved

a) Description of intrinsic muscles of hand.

b) Description of movements of thumb and muscle

producing them.

c) Demonstrate movements of thumb and small joints of

hand.

AN12.7 Identify & describe course and branches of important

blood vessels and nerves in hand

a) Description of ulnar nerve and median nerve in hand.

b) Description of radial artery and ulnar artery in hand and

formation of superficial and deep palmar artery in hand

with diagrams and applied.

c) Demonstrate radial artery, ulnar artery, ulnar nerve and

median nerve in hand.

AN12.8 Describe anatomical basis of Claw hand a) Description of anatomical basis of claw hand.

AN12.9 Identify & describe fibrous flexor sheaths, ulnar bursa,

radial bursa and digital synovial sheaths

a) Description of fibrous flexor sheath, ulnar bursa, radial

bursa, digital synovial sheath with applied and diagrams.

b) Demonstrate fibrous flexor sheath, ulnar bursa, radial

bursa and digital synovial sheath.

AN12.10 Explain infection of fascial spaces of palm a) Enumerate the various fascial spaces of hand with

description of their shape, location, extent,

communications and boundaries, drainage and applied

with diagrams.

AN12.11 Identify, describe and demonstrate important muscle

groups of dorsal forearm with attachments, nerve supply

and actions

a) Description of muscles of dorsal forearm.

b) Demonstration of common extensor origin and muscles of

back of forearm

AN12.12 Identify & describe origin, course, relations, branches (or

tributaries),

termination of important nerves and vessels of back of

forearm

a) Description of posterior interosseous nerve and artery.

b) Demonstration of posterior interosseous nerve and artery.

AN12.13 Describe the anatomical basis of Wrist drop a) Description of anatomical basis of wrist drop.

AN12.14 Identify & describe compartments deep to extensor

retinaculum

a) Description of attachments and compartments deep to

extensor retinaculum with diagrams.

b) Demonstration of extensor retinaculum.

AN12.15 Identify & describe extensor expansion formation a) Description of dorsal digital expansion with diagrams and

applied.

b) Demonstration of dorsal digital expansion.

Topic: General Features, Joints, radiographs & surface marking

AN13.1 Describe and explain Fascia of upper limb and

compartments, veins of upper limb and its lymphatic

drainage

a) Description of fascial compartments of upper limb,

cutaneous nerves, veins and lymphatic drainage of upper

limb with diagrams and applied.

AN13.2 Describe dermatomes of upper limb a) Define dermatome, embryological basis and important

features of dermatome with diagrams.

AN13.3 Identify & describe the type, articular surfaces, capsule,

synovial membrane, ligaments, relations, movements,

blood and nerve supply of elbow joint, proximal and

distal radio-ulnar joints, wrist joint & first

carpometacarpal joint

a) Description of elbow joint, proximal and distal radioulnar

joints, wrist joint, first carpometacarpal joint in relation to

type, articular surface, capsule, synovial membrane,

ligaments, relations, movements, blood and nerve supply,

applied and diagrams.

b) Demonstration of movements at joints.

AN13.4 Describe Sternoclavicular joint, Acromioclavicular joint,

Carpometacarpal joints & Metacarpophalangeal joint

a) Description of sternoclavicular, acromioclavicular,

carpometacarpal and metacarpophalangeal joints.

AN13.5 Identify the bones and joints of upper limb seen in

anteroposterior and

lateral view radiographs of shoulder region, arm, elbow,

forearm and hand

a) Demonstrate bones and joints of upper limb in radiograph

(AP and lateral view).

AN13.6 Identify & demonstrate important bony landmarks of

upper limb:

Jugular notch, sternal angle, acromial angle, spine

of the scapula, vertebral level of the medial end,

Inferior angle of the scapula

a) Description of important landmarks of upper limb

(jugular notch, sternal angle, acromion angle, spine of

scapula and vertebral level of inferior angle of scapula).

b) Demonstration of important landmarks of upper limb.

AN13.7 Identify & demonstrate surface projection of: Cephalic

and basilic vein, Palpation of Brachial artery, Radial

artery, Testing of muscles: Trapezius, pectoralis major,

serratus anterior, latissimus dorsi, deltoid, biceps brachii,

Brachioradialis

a) Description of surface marking of cephalic and basilica

vein, clinical testing of muscles (trapezius, pectoralis

major, serratus anterior, latissimus dorsi, deltoid, biceps

and brachioradialis).

b) Demonstrate surface marking of basilic and cephalic

veins.

c) Demonstrate clinical testing of muscles.

d) Demonstrate palpation of radial and brachial artery.

AN13.8 Describe development of upper limb a) Description of development of upper limb with congenital

anomalies.

Features of individual bones (Lower Limb)

AN14.1 Identify the given bone, its side, important features &

keep it in anatomical position

a) Identification, anatomical position, side determination,

important general and special features of a given bone

(hip bone, femur, tibia and fibula).

AN14.2 Identify & describe joints formed by the given bone a) Name the joint, its type and demonstrate movements at

the joint formed by hip bone, femur, tibia and fibula.

AN14.3 Describe the importance of ossification of lower end of

femur & upper end of tibia

a) Explain medico legal importance of lower end of femur

and upper end of tibia based on its ossification.

AN14.4 Identify and name various bones in the articulated foot

with individual muscle attachment

a) Identify and name the various bones in articulated foot

with important muscle attachment, various joints formed

and type of joint.

Topic: Front & Medial side of thigh

AN15.1 Describe and demonstrate origin, course, relations,

branches (or tributaries), termination of important nerves

and vessels of anterior thigh

a) Description of origin, course, relations,

branches/tributaries of femoral nerve, femoral artery,

femoral vein with diagrams and applied importance.

b) Demonstrate femoral vessels, femoral nerve with

branches/tributaries.

AN15.2 Describe and demonstrate major muscles with their

attachment, nerve supply and actions

a) Enumerate muscles of front of thigh with description of

origin, insertion action and nerve supply.

b) Demonstrate muscles of front of thigh.

AN15.3 Describe and demonstrate boundaries, floor, roof and

contents of femoral triangle

a) Description of boundaries, floor, roof and contents of

femoral triangle with diagrams, applied importance.

b) Description of formation, compartment, contents and

clinical importance of femoral sheath with diagrams and

applied importance.

c) Demonstrate boundaries and contents of femoral triangle.

AN15.4 Explain anatomical basis of Psoas abscess & Femoral

hernia

a) Description of anatomical basis of psoas abscess and

femoral hernia.

AN15.5 Describe and demonstrate adductor canal with its content a) Description of adductor canal boundaries and contents

with well labelled diagrams and applied.

b) Dissection of adductor canal.

Topic: Gluteal region & back of thigh

AN16.1 Describe and demonstrate origin, course, relations,

branches (or tributaries), termination of important nerves

and vessels of gluteal region

a) Dissection of structures under cover of gluteus maximus.

b) Description of origin, insertion, nerve supply of glutei

muscles with applied importance.

c) List structures passing through greater and lesser sciatic

notch.

d) Explain functional significance of cruciate and

trochanteric anastomosis.

e) Demonstrate structure lying on ischial spine.

AN16.2 Describe anatomical basis of sciatic nerve injury during

gluteal intramuscular injections

a) Description of origin, course, function and applied

importance of sciatic nerve and explain how to prevent

damage to sciatic nerve while giving intramuscular

injection.

AN16.3 Explain the anatomical basis of Trendelenburg sign a) Explain anatomical basis of Trendelenburg’s sign and

lurching gait.

AN16.4 Describe and demonstrate the hamstrings group of

muscles with their attachment, nerve supply and actions

a) Description of origin, insertion, nerve supply and actions

of hamstring muscles.

b) Dissection of hamstring group of muscles.

AN16.5 Describe and demonstrate the origin, course, relations,

branches (or tributaries), termination of important nerves

and vessels on the back of thigh

a) Description of origin, course, relation branches of sciatic

nerve in the back of thigh.

b) Clinical importance of anastomosis on the back of thigh.

c) Demonstrate sciatic nerve with its branches.

AN16.6 Describe and demonstrate the boundaries, roof, floor,

contents and relations of popliteal fossa

a) Description of boundaries, roof, floor and contents of

popliteal fossa with well labelled diagrams.

b) Description of origin, course, branches and clinical

importance of common peroneal nerve and tibial nerve.

c) Dissection of boundaries and contents of popliteal fossa.

Topic: Hip Joint

AN17.1 Describe and demonstrate the type, articular surfaces,

capsule, synovial membrane, ligaments, relations,

movements and muscles involved, blood and nerve

supply, bursae around the hip joint

a) Description of type, articular surfaces, capsule, synovial

membrane, ligaments, relations, movements and muscles

involved, blood supply, nerve supply, bursae around hip

joint, structures responsible for stability with well labelled

diagrams and applied importance.

b) Demonstrate movements at hip joint.

AN17.2 Describe anatomical basis of complications of fracture

neck of femur

a) Explain anatomical basis of complications of fracture

neck of femur.

AN17.3 Describe dislocation of hip joint and surgical hip

replacement

a) Describe dislocation of hip joint and surgical hip

replacement.

Topic: Knee joint, Anterolateral compartment of leg & dorsum of foot

AN18.1 Describe and demonstrate major muscles of anterolateral

compartment of leg with their attachment, nerve supply

and actions

a) Describe muscles of anterolateral compartment of leg

with origin, insertion, nerve supply and action.

b) Dissection of anterolateral compartment of leg.

AN18.2 Describe and demonstrate origin, course, relations,

branches (or tributaries), termination of important nerves

and vessels of anterior compartment of leg

a) Describe anterior tibial artery and deep peroneal nerve

with origin, course, relations, branches and applied.

b) Explain dorsalis pedis artery.

c) Dissection of anterior compartment.

AN18.3 Explain the anatomical basis of foot drop a) Explain anatomical basis of foot drop.

AN18.4 Describe and demonstrate the type, articular surfaces,

capsule, synovial membrane, ligaments, relations,

a) Describe type, articular surfaces, capsule, synovial

membrane, ligaments, relations, movements and muscles

movements and muscles involved, blood and nerve

supply, bursae around the knee joint

involved, blood supply, nerve supply, bursae around knee

joint and diagram.

b) Demonstration of movements at knee joint.

AN18.5 Explain the anatomical basis of locking and unlocking of

the knee joint

a) Explain anatomical basis of locking and unlocking of

knee joint.

AN18.6 Describe knee joint injuries with its applied anatomy a) Identify the factors responsible for stability of knee joint,

describe knee injuries and explain anatomical basis of

tests to access the integrity of cruciate ligaments.

AN18.7 Explain anatomical basis of Osteoarthritis a) Explain anatomical basis of osteoarthritis.

Topic: Back of Leg & Sole

AN19.1 Describe and demonstrate the major muscles of back of

leg with their attachment, nerve supply and actions

a) Describe muscles of back of leg with origin, insertion,

nerve supply and actions.

b) Dissection of superficial and deep muscles of back of leg.

AN19.2 Describe and demonstrate the origin, course, relations,

branches (or tributaries), termination of important nerves

and vessels of back of leg

a) Describe origin, course, termination and branches of

posterior tibial artery, peroneal artery and tibial nerve.

b) Dissection of back of leg.

AN19.3 Explain the concept of “Peripheral heart” a) Explain the concept of peripheral heart/calf pump,

another action of soleus.

AN19.4 Explain the anatomical basis of rupture of calcaneal

tendon

a) Describe anatomical basis of rupture of tendocalcaneus.

AN19.5 Describe factors maintaining importance arches of the

foot with its importance

a) List and classify the arches of foot.

b) Describe arches of foot with bony pillars, ligaments,

muscular factors maintain them.

AN19.6 Explain the anatomical basis of Flat foot & Club foot a) Explain anatomical basis of club foot/congenital talipes

equinovarus/flat foot and pes cavus.

AN19.7 Explain the anatomical basis of Metatarsalgia & Plantar

fasciitis

a) Describe plantar aponeurosis.

b) Explain anatomical basis of metatarsalgia and plantar

fasciitis.

Topic: General Features, Joints, radiographs & surface marking

AN20.1 Describe and demonstrate the type, articular surfaces,

capsule, synovial membrane, ligaments, relations,

movements and muscles involved, blood and nerve

supply of tibiofibular and ankle joint

a) Describe type, articular surfaces, capsule, synovial

membrane, ligaments, relations, movements and muscles

involved, blood supply, nerve supply and applied of

tibiofibular joints and ankle joint with diagrams.

b) Demonstrate movements at ankle joint.

AN20.2 Describe the subtalar and transverse tarsal joints a) Describe anatomy of subtalar and tarsal joint.

b) Explain movement of inversion and eversion.

c) Summarise muscles responsible for these movements.

AN20.3 Describe and demonstrate Fascia lata, Venous drainage,

Lymphatic drainage, Retinacula & Dermatomes of lower

limb

a) Explain fascia lata and modifications of deep fascia.

b) Draw well labelled diagrams showing cutaneous nerves

and dermatomes of lower limb.

AN20.4 Explain anatomical basis of enlarged inguinal lymph

nodes

a) Describe superficial and deep inguinal lymph node with

area of lymphatic drainage.

b) Explain anatomical basis of enlarged lymph nodes and

relation to infection and tumour spread.

AN20.5 Explain anatomical basis of varicose veins and deep vein

thrombosis

a) Discuss perforators and anatomical basis of varicose

veins.

b) Explain deep vein thrombosis.

AN20.6 Identify the bones and joints of lower limb seen in

anteroposterior and lateral view radiographs of various

regions of lower limb

a) Identify bones and joints of lower limb seen in AP and

Lateral view of x-ray hip, knee, ankle and foot.

b) To recognize common abnormalities on x-ray.

AN20.7 Identify & demonstrate important bony landmarks of

lower limb: -Vertebral levels of highest point of iliac

crest, posterior superior iliac spines, iliac tubercle, pubic

tubercle, ischial tuberosity, adductor tubercle, -Tibial

tuberosity, head of fibula, -Medial and lateral malleoli,

Condyles of femur and tibia, sustentaculum tali,

tuberosity of fifth metatarsal, tuberosity of the navicular

a) Identify and demonstrate important bony landmarks of

lower limb and vertebral levels of highest point of iliac

crest, posterior superior iliac spine, iliac tubercle, pubic

tubercle, ischial tuberosity, adductor tubercle, tibial

tuberosity, head of fibula, medial and lateral malleoli,

condyles of tibia, femur, sustentaculum tali, tuberosity of

5th metatarsal and tuberosity of navicular.

AN20.8 Identify & demonstrate palpation of femoral, popliteal,

post tibial, anti tibial & dorsalis pedis blood vessels in a

simulated environment

a) Demonstrate palpation of femoral, popliteal, posterior

tibial, anterior tibial and dorsalis pedis artery.

AN20.9 Identify & demonstrate Palpation of vessels (femoral,

popliteal,dorsalis pedis,post tibial), Mid inguinal point,

Surface projection of: femoral nerve, Saphenous

opening, Sciatic, tibial, common peroneal & deep

peroneal nerve, Great and small saphenous veins

a) Demonstrate surface marking of femoral nerve,

saphenous opening, sciatic nerve, tibial nerve, common

peroneal nerve, great and small saphenous vein.

AN20.10 Describe basic concept of development of lower limb a) Explain basic concept of development of lower limb.

Topic: Thoracic cage

AN21.1 Identify and describe the salient features of sternum,

typical rib, Ist rib and typical thoracic vertebra

1) Identify and describe parts of sternum in anatomical

position and name its attachments

2) Describe anatomical events occurring at sternal angle and

structures lying behind manubrium sterni

3) Enumerate classification of ribs with general features of a

typical rib

4) Describe the special features of 1st rib

5) Describe the characteristic features of typical thoracic

vertebrae

6) Explain anatomical basis of sternal puncture, cervical rib

and rib fractures

AN21.2 Identify & describe the features of 2nd, 11th and 12th

ribs, 1st, 11th and 12th thoracic vertebrae

1) Explain and identify the distinguishing features and

attachments of 2nd, 11th and 12th rib

2) Describe special features of 1st, 11th and 12th thoracic

vertebrae

AN21.3 Describe & demonstrate the boundaries of thoracic inlet,

cavity and outlet

1) Describe the boundaries of superior thoracic aperture and

enumerate the structures passing through it with

appropriate diagrams

2) Explain anatomical basis of thoracic inlet syndrome

3) Demonstrate superior thoracic aperture and cavity in a

skeleton

AN21.4 Describe & demonstrate extent, attachments, direction of

fibres, nerve supply and actions of intercostal muscles

1) Describe and demonstrate the extent, attachment,

direction of fibres, nerve supply and action of intercostal

muscles with diagrams as required

AN21.5 Describe & demonstrate origin, course, relations and

branches of a typical intercostal nerve

1) Describe the classification of intercostal nerves

2) Explain the origin, course, relations and branches of

atypical intercostal nerve. Add diagrams as required

3) Explain the anatomical basis of root/girdle pain and

intercostal nerve blocks

AN21.6 Mention origin, course and branches/ tributaries of:

1) anterior & posterior intercostal vessels

2) internal thoracic vessels

1) Explain the origin, course, relations, termination and

relations of anterior and posterior intercostal vessels

2) Describe the origin, course and branches of internal

thoracic artery

3) Give the anatomical basis of internal thoracic artery graft

AN21.7 Mention the origin, course, relations and branches of

1) atypical intercostal nerve

2) superior intercostal artery, subcostal artery

1) Enumerate atypical intercostal nerves

2) Explain the anatomical basis of cardiac pain referred to

medial side of arm in coronary artery diseases

3) Describe the origin and course of superior intercostal

artery and subcostal artery

AN21.8 Describe & demonstrate type, articular surfaces &

movements of manubriosternal, costovertebral,

costotransverse and xiphisternal joints

1) Describe and demonstrate types of joints, articulating

surfaces and movements of manubriosternal,

costovertebral, costotransverse and xiphisternal joints

AN21.9 Describe & demonstrate mechanics and types of

respiration

1) Demonstrate and explain the mechanism of respiration

2) Name the muscles acting during different types of

respiration

AN21.10 Describe costochondral and interchondral joints 1) Describe the type and location of costochondral and

interchondral joints

AN21.11 Mention boundaries and contents of the superior,

anterior, middle and posterior mediastinum

1) Define mediastinum and describe the boundaries, major

contents and divisions of mediastinum

2) Describe the boundaries and content of superior, anterior,

middle and posterior mediastinum, with diagrams as

required

3) Describe the anatomical basis of mediastinal syndrome

and mediastinal shift

Topic: Heart & Pericardium

AN22.1 Describe & demonstrate subdivisions, sinuses in

pericardium, blood supply and nerve supply of

pericardium

1) Describe the subdivisions, blood supply and nerve supply

of pericardium

2) Explain the transverse and oblique sinus of pericardium

with clinical importance and diagrams

3) Give the anatomical basis of cardiac tamponade

AN22.2 Describe & demonstrate external and internal features of

each chamber of heart

1) Demonstrate and explain the border and surfaces of the

heart by holding in anatomical position

2) Describe and show the external and internal features of

right and left atrium and right and left ventricle adding

diagrams as necessary

3) Explain about the atrioventricular and semilunar valves of

the heart

4) Describe cardiac shadow in chest radiograph

AN22.3 Describe & demonstrate origin, course and branches of

coronary arteries

1) Enumerate the origin and branches of coronary arteries

2) Describe the course of right and left coronary arteries,

with diagrams as required

3) Enumerate the sites of coronary artery occlusion

AN22.4 Describe anatomical basis of ischaemic heart disease 1) Describe the anatomical basis of ischaemic heart disease

2) Explain the anatomical basis of coronary bypass surgery

and coronary angioplasty

AN22.5 Describe & demonstrate the formation, course,

tributaries and termination of coronary sinus

1) Describe the formation, course and tributaries of coronary

sinus

AN22.6 Describe the fibrous skeleton of heart 1) Describe the fibrous skeleton of the heart and its

functional significance

AN22.7 Mention the parts, position and arterial supply of the

conducting system of heart

1) Describe the components, position and arterial supply

of conducting system of heart

2) Give anatomical basis of conducting system defects

Topic: Mediastinum

AN23.1 Describe & demonstrate the external appearance,

relations, blood supply, nerve supply,lymphatic drainage

and applied anatomy of oesophagus

1) Describe the oesophagus under the heading of parts,

constrictions, relations, nerve supply, blood supply and

lymphatic drainage of oesophagus adding diagrams as

required

2) Explain the clinic anatomical basis of achalasia cardia,

trachea oesophageal fistula and dysphagia

3) Demonstrate oesophagus in radiological studies like

barium swallow

AN23.2 Describe & demonstrate the extent, relations tributaries

of thoracic duct and enumerate its applied anatomy

1) Describe the thoracic duct as its formation, course,

tributaries, termination and relations with diagrams

2) Explain the anatomical basis of injury and obstruction of

thoracic duct

AN23.3 Describe & demonstrate origin, course, relations,

tributaries and termination of superior venacava, azygos,

hemiazygos and accessory hemiazygos veins

1) Describe the Superior vena cava in terms of formation,

course, termination and tributaries.

2) Explain the clinical aspect of obstruction of Superior vena

cava and development of collateral pathways

3) Describe the azygous, hemiazygous and accessory

hemizygous as their formation, course, termination and

tributaries

AN23.4 Mention the extent, branches and relations of arch of

aorta & descending thoracic aorta

1) Describe the arch of aorta in terms of its course,

relations and branches

2) Enumerate the branches of descending thoracic aorta

AN23.5 Identify & Mention the location and extent of thoracic

sympathetic chain

1) Identify and describe thoracic sympathetic chain

2) Give the anatomical basis of thoracoabdominal

sympathectomy

AN23.6 Describe the splanchnic nerves 1) Describe the splanchnic nerves

AN23.7 Mention the extent, relations and applied anatomy of

lymphatic duct

1) Mention the extent, relations and applied anatomy of

lymphatic duct

Topic: Lungs & Trachea

AN24.1 Mention the blood supply, lymphatic drainage and nerve

supply of pleura, extent of pleura and describe the pleural

recesses and their applied anatomy

1) Describe the pleura as its layers, subdivisions, recesses

and nerve supply

2) Enumerate differences between parietal and visceral

pleura

3) Enumerate sites with diagrams, where pleura extends

beyond the thoracic cage

4) Give the anatomical basis of pleural effusion,

pneumothorax, paracentesis thoracis and referred pain of

pleura

AN24.2 Identify side, external features and relations of structures

which form root of lung & bronchial tree and their

clinical correlate

1) Briefly describe the comparison of right and left lung

2) Describe, including diagrammatically, the relations of

strutures forming root of both lungs

3) Give anatomical basis of azygous lobe, Pancoast

syndrome, Metastasis of bronchogenic carcinoma,

postural drainage of lung abscess

4) Describe bronchial tree, adding a diagram

5) Demonstrate lung in anatomical position showing borders

and surfaces

AN24.3 Describe a bronchopulmonary segment 1) Describe bronchopulmonary segments, adding diagram,

with clinical significance

AN24.4 Identify phrenic nerve & describe its formation &

distribution

1) Identify phrenic nerve, describe its formation and

distribution

2) Explain the anatomical basis of diaphragmatic paralysis

AN24.5 Mention the blood supply, lymphatic drainage and nerve

supply of lungs

1) Describe the blood supply, lymphatic drainage and nerve

supply of lungs

AN24.6 Describe the extent, length, relations, blood supply,

lymphatic drainage and nerve supply of trachea

1) Identify and describe the trachea as its extent, length,

relations, course, vascular supply, lymphatic drainage and

nerve supply

2) Identify tracheal shadow in a chest radiograph

3) Describe the importance of carina

4) Describe anatomical basis of trachea oesophageal fistula

Topic: Thorax

AN25.1 Identify, draw and label a slide of trachea and lung 1) Identify and draw the microscopic structure of trachea

2) Identify and draw the microscopic structure of lungs

3) Name the different cells present in the lung and trachea

and describe their function

AN25.2 Describe development of pleura, lung & heart 1) Describe the development of pleura and lungs. Add

diagrams as required

2) Describe the development of heart with diagrams as

needed

3) Describe the various congenital anomalies associated

with the development of heart with their clinical

implications

AN25.3 Describe fetal circulation and changes occurring at birth 1) Describe fetal circulation

2) Explain changes in circulation occurring at birth

AN25.4 Describe embryological basis of: 1) atrial septal defect,

2) ventricular septal defect, 3) Fallot’s tetralogy & 4)

tracheo-oesophageal fistula

1) Explain anatomical/ embryological basis of Atrial septal

defect, Ventricular septal defect, Fallots tetralogy and

Tracheoesophageal fistula. Add diagrams as needed

AN25.5 Describe developmental basis of congenital anomalies,

transposition of great vessels, dextrocardia, patent

ductus arteriosus and coarctation of aorta

1) Give embryological explanation for Transposition of

great vessels, Dextrocardia, Patent ductus arteriosus and

Coarctation of aorta

AN25.6 Mention development of aortic arch arteries, SVC,

IVC and coronary sinus

1) Describe the development of Aortic arch arteries,

Superior vena cava and Coronary sinus, adding diagrams

as required

2) Describe the congenital anomalies associated with

development of these structures

AN25.7 Identify structures seen on a plain x-ray chest (PA view) 1) Identify structures visible on a normal plain chest X ray

PA view

AN25.8 Identify and describe in brief a barium swallow 1) Identify barium swallow X ray

2) Name the structures visible on a barium swallow with

their clinical importance

AN25.9 Demonstrate surface marking of lines of pleural

reflection, lung borders and fissures, trachea, heart

borders, apex beat & surface projection of valves of

heart

1) Demonstrate surface marking of pleura, lung- borders and

fissures, trachea, heart – borders, apex beat and surface

projection of valves of heart

Topic: Skull osteology

AN26.1 Demonstrate anatomical position of skull, Identify

and locate individual skull bones in skull

a) Demonstrate anatomical position skull

b) Demonstrate and Identify the major skull bones

AN26.2 Describe the features of norma frontalis, verticalis,

occipitalis, lateralis and basalis

a) Demonstrate general and special features of Norma

frontalis, Norma Verticalis, Norma Occipitalis

b) Demonstrate general and special features of Norma

lateralis and Norma Basalis

AN26.3 Describe cranial cavity, its subdivisions, foramina and

structures passing through them

a) Describe cranial cavity with its subdivision, boundaries,

foramina and structures passing through foramina

AN26.4 Describe morphological features of mandible a) Describe morphological features of mandible

AN26.5 Describe features of typical and atypical cervical

vertebrae (atlas and axis)

a) Demonstrate general and special features of typical

cervical vertebrae

b) Demonstrate general and special features of atlas and axis

AN26.6 Explain the concept of bones that ossify in membrane a) Discuss the development of Bone (membranour

ossification)

AN26.7 Describe the features of the 7th cervical vertebra a) Demonstrate the general and special features of C7

vertebra

Topic: Scalp

AN27.1 Describe the layers of scalp, its blood supply, its nerve

supply and surgical importance

a) Describe the layers of scalp along with their applied

anatomy

b) Describe blood supply and nerve supply of scalp with its

surgical importance

AN27.2 Describe emissary veins with its role in spread of

infection from extracranial route to intracranial venous

sinuses

a) Describe emissary veins and it’s applied

b) Name emissary bins of scalp and it’s communication

Topic: Face & parotid region

AN28.1 Describe & demonstrate muscles of facial expression and

their nerve supply

a) Enumerate characteristic features of muscles of facial

expression

b) Describe muscles of facial expression with origin and

insertion, nerve supply and action

AN28.2 Describe sensory innervation of face a) Describe sensory innervation of face

AN28.3 Describe & demonstrate origin /formation, course,

branches /tributaries of facial vessels

a) Describe and demonstrate features, course, branches of

facial artery

b) Describe formation of facial vein and its tributaries

AN28.4 Describe & demonstrate branches of facial nerve with

distribution

a) Describe and demonstrate branches of facial nerve and its

distribution

AN28.5 Describe cervical lymph nodes and lymphatic drainage

of head, face and neck

a) Describe cervical lymph node and lymphatic drainage of

head & neck

AN28.6 Identify superficial muscles of face, their nerve supply

and actions

a) Identify the muscles of Superficial fascia of face and

explain their actions

AN28.7 Explain the anatomical basis of facial nerve palsy a) Anatomical Basis of facial nerve palsy

AN28.8 Explain surgical importance of deep facial vein a) Describe Surgical Importance of Deep facial vein

b) Explain Dangerous area of face

AN28.9 Describe & demonstrate the parts, borders, surfaces,

contents, relations

and nerve supply of parotid gland with course of its

duct and surgical importance

a) Identify parts, borders, surfaces and relations of parotid

b) Discuss nerve supply with surgical importance

c) Identify and discuss the parotid duct

AN28.10 Explain the anatomical basis of Frey’s syndrome a) Explain the anatomical basis of Frey’s Syndrome

Topic: Posterior triangle of neck

AN29.1 Describe & demonstrate attachments, nerve supply,

relations and

actions of sternocleidomastoid

a) Describe origin, insertion, action and nerve supply of

sternocleidomastoid

b) Identify the muscle and its relations

AN29.2 Explain anatomical basis of Erb’s & Klumpke’s palsy a) Explain anatomical basis and signs and symptoms of

Erb’s paralysis

b) Explain anatomical basis and disability in Klumpke’s

paralysis

AN29.3 Explain anatomical basis of wry neck a) Explain anatomical basis and types of wry neck

AN29.4 Describe & demonstrate attachments of 1) inferior belly

of omohyoid, 2)scalenus anterior, 3) scalenus medius &

4) levator scapulae

a) Describe and demonstrate attachment of inferior belly of

omohyoid

b) Describe and demonstrate attachment of Scalenus

Anterior

c) Describe and demonstrate attachment of Scalenus Medius

d) Describe and demonstrate attachment of Levator

Scapulae

Topic: Cranial cavity

AN30.1 Describe the cranial fossae & identify related structures a) Discuss and demonstrate boundaries of anterior, middle

and posterior cranial fossa

b) Identify general features of cranial fossae

AN30.2 Describe & identify major foramina with structures

passing through them

a) Describe and demonstrate the major foramina’s along

with structures passing through them

AN30.3 Describe & identify dural folds & dural venous sinuses a) Describe and identify the Dural folds and Dural venous

sinuses

AN30.4 Describe clinical importance of dural venous sinuses a) Discuss clinical importance of Dural venous sinuses

AN30.5 Explain effect of pituitary tumours on visual pathway a) Discuss visual pathway

b) Explain effect of pituitary tumour on visual pathway

Topic: Orbit

AN31.1 Describe & identify extra ocular muscles of eyeball a) Describe and identify extra ocular muscles of eyeball with

their action

b)

AN31.2 Describe & demonstrate nerves and vessels in the orbit a) Discuss oculomotor, trochlear and abducens nerve

b) Describe and identify nerves and vessels of orbit

AN31.3 Describe anatomical basis of Horner’s syndrome a) Explain anatomical basis of Horner’s syndrome

AN31.4 Enumerate components of lacrimal apparatus a) Enumerate the components of lacrimal apparatus

AN31.5 Explain the anatomical basis of oculomotor, trochlear

and abducent nerve palsies along with strabismus

a) Discuss anatomical basis of strabismus with respect to

these nerves

Topic: Anterior Triangle

AN32.1 Describe boundaries and subdivisions of anterior

triangle

a) Describe boundaries and subdivisions of anterior triangle

AN32.2 Describe & demonstrate boundaries and contents of

muscular, carotid, digastric and submental triangles

a) Describe and demonstrate boundaries and contents of

muscular triangle, carotid triangle, digastric triangle and

submental triangle

Topic: Temporal and Infratemporal regions

AN33.1 Describe & demonstrate extent, boundaries and contents

of temporal and infratemporal fossae

a) Describe and identify contents, boundaries and extent of

temporal fossa

b) Describe and identify contents, boundaries and extent of

infra-temporal fossa

AN33.2 Describe & demonstrate attachments, direction of fibres,

nerve supply and actions of muscles of mastication

a) Describe attachment, direction of fibers, nerve supply and

action of muscles of mastication

b) Demonstration of attachment, direction of fibers, nerve

supply and action of muscles of mastication

AN33.3 Describe & demonstrate articulating surface, type &

movements of temporomandibular joint

a) Describe articulating surfaces, movements and type of

temporomandibular joint

b) Demonstrate articulating surfaces, movements and type of

temporomandibular joint

AN33.4 Explain the clinical significance of pterygoid venous

plexus

a) Describe pterygoid venous plexus and explain its clinical

significance

AN33.5 Describe the features of dislocation of

temporomandibular joint

a) Discuss features of dislocation of temporomandibular

joint

Topic: Submandibular region

AN34.1 Describe & demonstrate the morphology, relations and

nerve supply of submandibular salivary gland &

submandibular ganglion

a) Describe morphology, relation, nerve supply of

submandibular gland

b) Demonstrate the parts and relation of submandibular

gland

c) Discuss location, connection, branches of submandibular

ganglion

AN34.2 Describe the basis of formation of submandibular stones a) Discuss submandibular duct and explain basis of

formation of submandibular stone

Topic: Deep structures in the neck

AN35.1 Describe the parts, extent, attachments, modifications of

deep cervical fascia

a) Describe the parts, extent, attachment, modification and

applied anatomy of deep cervical fascia

AN35.2 Describe & demonstrate location, parts, borders,

surfaces, relations & blood supply of thyroid gland

a) Describe location, parts, border, capsule, surfaces and

blood supply of thyroid gland

b) Identify location, parts, border, capsule, surfaces and

blood supply of thyroid gland

AN35.3 Demonstrate & describe the origin, parts, course &

branches subclavian artery

a) Describe the origin, course, branches of subclavian artery

b) Demonstrate the origin, course, branches of subclavian

artery

AN35.4 Describe & demonstrate origin, course, relations,

tributaries and termination of internal jugular &

brachiocephalic veins

a) Describe and demonstrate formation, course, relation and

tributaries of internal jugular vein and brachiocephalic

vein

AN35.5 Describe and demonstrate extent, drainage & applied

anatomy of cervical lymph nodes

a) Discuss the classification and general plan of location of

lymph nodes in the region of head and neck

b) Describe the areas drained by the cervical lymph nodes

and their applied anatomy

c) Identify the cervical lymph nodes

AN35.6 Describe and demonstrate the extent, formation, relation

& branches of cervical sympathetic chain

a) Describe the features, formation, relation and branches of

cervical sympathetic chain

b) Identify the superior cervical ganglion, middle cervical

ganglion and inferior cervical ganglion

AN35.7 Describe the course and branches of IX, X, XI & XII

nerve in the neck

a) Describe course, branches, distribution and applied

anatomy of ninth cranial nerve in the neck

b) Describe course, branches, distribution and applied

anatomy of tenth cranial nerve in the neck

c) Describe course, branches, distribution and applied

anatomy of eleventh cranial nerve in the neck

d) Describe course, branches, distribution and applied

anatomy of XII cranial nerve in the neck

e) Demonstrate IX, X, XI and XII cranial nerves in the neck

with their branches

AN35.8 Describe the anatomically relevant clinical features of

Thyroid swellings

a) Discuss vertical disposition of pretracheal fascia

enclosing thyroid gland

AN35.9 Describe the clinical features of compression of

subclavian artery and lower trunk of brachial plexus by

cervical rib

a) Describe cervical rib

b) Discuss clinical features of compression of subclavian

artery and lower trunk of brachial plexus

AN35.10 Describe the fascial spaces of neck a) Discuss site, function, boundaries and clinical anatomy of

retropharyngeal and lateral pharyngeal spaces

Topic: Mouth, Pharynx & Palate

AN36.1 Describe the 1) morphology, relations, blood supply and

applied anatomy of palatine tonsil 2) composition of soft

palate

a) Describe external features, relation, blood supply and

applied anatomy of palatine tonsil

b) Describe structure of soft palate

AN36.2 Describe the components and functions of Waldeyer’s

lymphatic ring

a) Describe formation and functions of Waldeyer’s ring

b) Describe it’s applied anatomy

AN36.3 Describe the boundaries and clinical significance of

pyriform fossa

a) Describe the boundaries and clinical significance of

piriform fossa

AN36.4 Describe the anatomical basis of tonsillitis,

tonsillectomy, adenoids and peri-tonsillar abscess

a) Explain anatomical basis of peritonsilar abscess,

tonsillitis and tonsillectomy

b) Describe Adenoids with their signs and symptoms

AN36.5 Describe the clinical significance of Killian’s dehiscence a) Describe constrictor muscles of pharynx with their nerve

supply

b) Explain anatomical basis of Killian’s dehiscence

Topic: Cavity of Nose

AN37.1 Describe & demonstrate features of nasal septum, lateral

wall of nose, their blood supply and nerve supply

a) Discuss the formation, features, blood supply and nerve

supply of nasal septum

b) Discuss formation, features, blood supply and nerve

supply of lateral wall of nose

c) Identify the nasal septum and features on lateral wall of

nose

AN37.2 Describe location and functional anatomy of paranasal

sinuses

a) Describe the location and functional anatomy of all

paranasal sinuses

AN37.3 Describe anatomical basis of sinusitis & maxillary sinus

tumours

a) Describe maxillary sinus and explain the anatomical basis

of sinusitis and maxillary sinus tumours

Topic: Larynx

AN38.1 Describe the morphology, identify structure of the

wall, nerve supply, blood supply and actions of

intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the larynx

a) Discuss cartilages, membranes and ligaments of larynx

b) Discuss laryngeal cavity with its nerve supply and blood

supply

c) Discuss actions of extrinsic and intrinsic muscles of

larynx

d) Identify cartilages, membranes and muscles of larynx

AN38.2 Describe the anatomical aspects of laryngitis a) Describe anatomical basis of laryngitis

AN38.3 Describe anatomical basis of recurrent laryngeal nerve

injury

a) Explain anatomical basis of recurrent laryngeal nerve

injury and functional consequences of its injury

Topic: Tongue

AN39.1 Describe & demonstrate the morphology, nerve

supply, embryological basis of nerve supply, blood

supply, lymphatic drainage and actions of extrinsic

and intrinsic muscles of tongue

a) Describe external features of tongue, nerve supply with its

embryological basis

b) Describe its blood supply and lymphatic drainage

c) Discuss the attachment and actions of extrinsic and

intrinsic muscles of the tongue

d) Identify the muscles of the tongue

AN39.2 Explain the anatomical basis of hypoglossal nerve palsy a) Explain hypoglossal nerve palsy with its anatomical basis

Topic: Organs of hearing and equilibrium

AN40.1 Describe & identify the parts, blood supply and nerve

supply of external ear

a) Describe parts, nerve supply, blood supply of external ear

b) Identify parts of external ear

AN40.2 Describe & demonstrate the boundaries,

contents, relations and functional anatomy of

middle ear and auditory tube

a) Describe boundaries, contents, relations and functional

anatomy of middle ear

b) Describe parts, blood supply, nerve supply and functional

anatomy of auditory tube

c) Demonstrate anatomy of ear

AN40.3 Describe the features of internal ear a) Describe the components of internal ear

AN40.4 Explain anatomical basis of otitis externa and otitis

media

a) Explain anatomical basis of otitis externa and otitis media

AN40.5 Explain anatomical basis of myringotomy a) Explain structure and parts of tympanic membrane and its

correlation with myringotomy

Topic: Eyeball

AN41.1 Describe & demonstrate parts and layers of eyeball a) Describe different parts and layers of eyeball

b) Demonstrate anatomy of eyeball

AN41.2 Describe the anatomical aspects of cataract, glaucoma &

central retinal

artery occlusion

a) Explain anatomical basis of cataract, glaucoma’s and

central retinal artery occlusion

AN41.3 Describe the position, nerve supply and actions of

intraocular muscles

a) Describe intra-ocular muscles with respect to position,

nerve supply and actions

Topic: Back Region

AN42.1 Describe the contents of the vertebral canal a) Describe and identify the contents of vertebral canal

AN42.2 Describe & demonstrate the boundaries and contents of

Suboccipital

triangle

a) Discuss the attachments of muscles forming boundaries

and contents of sub-occipital triangle

b) Identify the muscles and contents of sub-occipital triangle

AN42.3 Describe the position, direction of fibres, relations, nerve

supply, actions

of semispinalis capitis and splenius capitis

a) Describe attachments, direction of fibers, relations, nerve

supply, action of splenius capitis and semi-spinalis capitis

muscles

Topic: Head & neck Joints, Histology, Development, Radiography & Surface marking

AN43.1 Describe & demonstrate the movements with muscles

producing the movements of atlantooccipital joint &

atlantoaxial joint

a) Discuss pre-vertebral muscles and para-vertebral muscles

b) Discuss the type and muscles producing movement at

Atlanto-occipital and Atlanto-axial joints

c) Demonstrate the movements at these joints

AN43.2 Identify, describe and draw the microanatomy of

pituitary gland, thyroid, parathyroid gland, tongue,

salivary glands, tonsil, epiglottis, cornea, retina

a) Discuss micro-anatomy of pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid,

tongue, salivary gland, tonsil, cornea and retina

b) Identify and draw the micro-anatomy of pituitary, thyroid,

parathyroid, tongue, salivary gland, tonsil, cornea and

retina

AN43.3 Identify, describe and draw microanatomy of olfactory

epithelium, eyelid, lip, sclero-corneal junction, optic

nerve, cochlea- organ of corti, pineal gland

a) Describe micro-anatomy of olfactory epithelium, eye lid,

lip, optic nerve, sclera-corneal junction, cochlea, organ of

corti and pineal gland

b) Identify and draw micro-anatomy of olfactory epithelium,

eye lid, lip, optic nerve, sclera-corneal junction, cochlea,

organ of corti and pineal gland

AN43.4 Describe the development and developmental basis of

congenital anomalies of face, palate, tongue,

branchial apparatus, pituitary gland, thyroid gland &

eye

a) Discuss the development and explain the developmental

basis of congenital anomalies of face, palate, tongue,

brachial apparatus, pituitary gland, thyroid gland and eye

AN43.5 Demonstrate- 1) Testing of muscles of facial

expression, extraocular muscles, muscles of

mastication, 2) Palpation of carotid arteries, facial

artery, superficial temporal artery, 3) Location of

internal and external jugular veins, 4) Location of

hyoid bone, thyroid cartilage and cricoid cartilage

with their vertebral levels

a) Demonstrate testing of muscles of fascial expression,

muscles of mastication and extra-ocular muscles

b) Demonstrate Palpation of carotid arteries, facial arteries

and superficial temporal arteries

c) Demonstrate Location of internal and external jugular

vein

d) Demonstrate Location of hyoid bone, thyroid cartilage

and cricoid cartilage with their vertebral level

AN43.6 Demonstrate surface projection of- Thyroid gland,

Parotid gland and duct, Pterion, Common carotid artery,

Internal jugular vein, Subclavian vein, External jugular

vein, Facial artery in the face & accessory nerve

a) Demonstrate surface projection of thyroid gland, parotid

gland and duct, pterion, common carotid artery, internal

jugular vein, subclavian vein, external jugular vein, facial

artery and accessory nerve

AN43.7 Identify the anatomical structures in 1) Plain x-ray skull,

2) AP view and lateral view 3) Plain x-ray cervical

spine-AP and lateral view 4) Plain x- ray of paranasal

sinuses

a) Identify structures seen in plain X-ray skull in both AP

and lateral views

b) Identify the structures seen in plain X-ray cervical spine

in both AP and lateral views

c) Identify the structures seen in plain X-ray paranasal

sinuses in both AP and lateral views

AN43.8 Describe the anatomical route used for carotid

angiogram and vertebral angiogram

a) Describe carotid angiography and vertebral angiography

AN43.9 Identify anatomical structures in carotid

angiogram and vertebral angiogram

a) Identify the anatomical structures in carotid and vertebral

angiography

Topic: Anterior abdominal wall

AN44.1 Describe & demonstrate the Planes (transpyloric,

transtubercular, subcostal, lateral vertical, linea

alba, linea semilunaris), regions & Quadrants of

abdomen

a) Describe transpyloric, trans tubercular, subcoastal,

midclavicular/ lateral vertical planes

b) Demonstrate soft tissue landmarks- umbilicus, linea

semilunaris, linea alba and groin.

c) Demonstrate bony landmarks- xyphoid process, coastal

margins, subcoastal angles, iliac crest, tubercle of iliac

crest, posterior superior iliac spine.

d) Describe 9 regions of abdomen and demonstrate the

position of organs in these quadrants- liver, stomach,

spleen, duodenum, small and large intestine, pelvic

cavity.

AN44.2 Describe & identify the Fascia, nerves & blood

vessels of anterior abdominal wall

a) Enumerate and identify layers of abdominal wall

b) Describe umbilicus and its significance

c) Identify campers and Scarpa’s fascia

d) Draw and label diagram showing cutaneous nerves,

arteries, veins and lymphatics on anterior abdominal wall.

e) Describe root value and course of deep nerves

f) Describe origin and course of deep arteries

AN44.3 Describe the formation of rectus sheath and its contents a) describe the features, formation (new concept), contents

and functions of rectus sheath.

b) Draw diagram showing formation of rectus sheath

c) Draw diagram showing contents of rectus sheath.

AN44.4 Describe & demonstrate extent, boundaries, contents of

Inguinal canal including Hesselbach’s triangle.

a) describe inguinal canal- definition, direction, length,

extent, boundaries, contents and mechanism to maintain

integrity.

b) Diagram showing boundaries of Hasselbach’s triangle

c) Diagram showing boundaries and contents of inguinal

canal

d) Identify spermatic cord, superficial and deep inguinal

rings, inferior epigastric artery.

AN44.5 Explain the anatomical basis of inguinal hernia. a) define abdominal hernia

b) describe inguinal hernia, its types, clinical features and

test to differentiate the types (ring test), coverings of

direct and indirect inguinal hernias.

c) Draw a diagram showing coverings of inguinal hernias.

AN44.6 Describe & demonstrate attachments of muscles of

anterior abdominal wall

a) Describe attachments, direction of fibers, nerve supply

and action of muscles of anterolateral abdominal wall.

b) Identify muscles and aponeurosis.

c) Demonstrate formation and attachment of inguinal

ligament, conjoint tendon, arcuate line, superficial and

deep inguinal rings.

d) Describe and identify fascia transversalis and tendinous

intersections.

AN44.7 Enumerate common Abdominal incisions a) Describe the sites of abdominal incisions, the layers of

abdominal wall encountered, their advantages and

drawbacks.

b) Draw a diagram showing various abdominal incision.

Topic: Posterior abdominal wall

AN45.1 Describe Thoracolumbar fascia a) Describe the extent and attachment of anterior, posterior

and middle layer of thoraco lumbar fascia.

b) Draw a diagram showing transverse disposition of

thoracolumbar fascia.

AN45.2 Describe & demonstrate Lumbar plexus for its root

value, formation &

branches

a) describe formation of lumbar plexus, its root value, course

and distribution of branches.

b) Draw a diagram of lumbar plexus showing its roots,

divisions and branches.

AN45.3 Mention the major subgroups of back muscles, nerve

supply and action

a) Describe and identify the attachment, nerve supply and

action of Psoas major, Iliacus and Quadratus lumborum

muscle.

b) Draw a diagram showing attachments of muscle of

posterior abdominal wall.

c) Describe clinic-anatomical basis of spread of pus in Psoas

abscess.

Topic: Male external genitalia

AN46.1 Describe & demonstrate coverings, internal structure,

side determination,

blood supply, nerve supply, lymphatic drainage &

descent of testis with its applied anatomy

a) Describe external features, coverings, internal structure,

blood supply, nerve supply, lymphatic drainage and

descend of testis.

b) Draw a diagram showing T.S of testis and epididymis.

c) Identify and determine the side of testis.

d) Describe cryptorchidism, ectopic testis and hydrocele.

AN46.2 Describe parts of Epididymis a) Describe parts of epididymis.

AN46.3 Describe Penis under following headings: (parts,

components, blood

supply and lymphatic drainage)

a) Describe parts, structure, blood supply, nerve supply and

lymphatic drainage of penis.

b) Draw T.S. through body of penis.

AN46.4 Explain the anatomical basis of Varicocoele a) Describe clinic-anatomical basis of varicocoel

AN46.5 Explain the anatomical basis of Phimosis &

Circumcision

a) Describe anatomical basis of phimosis and circumcision.

Topic:

Abdominal

cavity

AN47.1 Describe & identify boundaries and recesses of Lesser &

Greater sac

a) Describe boundaries and subdivisions of lesser sac with

its clinical aspects.

b) Describe, draw a diagram and identify foramen of

Winslow.

c) Describe, draw a diagram and identify boundaries and

communications of Morrison’s pouch, right and left

paracolic gutter.

d) Draw diagrams of horizontal section through infracolic

and supracolic compartments of abdomen.

e) Describe clinical importance of hepatorenal and

rectouterine pouches.

AN47.2 Name & identify various peritoneal folds & pouches with

its explanation

.

a) Describe attachments, contents and functions of

peritoneal folds.

b) Describe embryological basis of peritoneal folds.

c) Enumerate intraperitoneal and retroperitoneal organs.

d) Describe process of zygosis.

e) Draw diagram of sagittal section through abdomen to

show reflection of peritoneum in male and female

showing vesico uterine and recto uterine pouches.

f) Draw diagram showing structures crossed by root of

mesentery.

g) Draw diagram of horizontal section through male and

female pelvis.

AN47.3 Explain anatomical basis of Ascites & Peritonitis a) Describe anatomical basis of ascites and peritonitis.

b) Describe procedure, site and precautions for paracentesis

abdomen.

AN47.4 Explain anatomical basis of Subphrenic abscess a) Enumerate and identify subphrenic spaces.

b) Describe anatomical basis of spread of pus in subphrenic

abscess.

AN47.5 Describe & demonstrate major viscera of abdomen under

following headings (anatomical position, external and

internal features, important peritoneal and other

relations, blood supply, nerve supply, lymphatic drainage

and applied aspects)

a) Describe the abdominal viscera (stomach, spleen,

pancreas, liver, gall bladder, kidney and suprarenal gland)

under following heads – location, shape, position,

size/capacity, external features, interior, peritoneal and

visceral relations, blood supply, nerve supply and

lymphatic drainage.

b) Demonstrate the features of viscera by holding in

anatomical position.

c) Describe gastric triangle and Traube’s space.

d) Describe anatomical basis of peptic ulcer, gastric pain in

epigastrium and spread of gastric carcinoma.

e) Diagrams showing parts of stomach, stomach bed, interior

of stomach, arterial supply, venous drainage, lymphatic

drainage and nerve supply.

f) Describe relevant features of small intestine.

g) Enumerate 3 cardinal features of large intestine

h) Differentiate between small and large intestine

i) Differentiate between jejunum and ileum

j) Describe size, site, parts and relations of duodenum

k) Draw diagram showing interior of 2nd part of duodenum

l) Describe features of Meckels diverticulum

m) Enumerate parts of large intestine, their length and

peritoneal relations.

n) Describe features, size, site, relation, blood supply and

nerve supply of Caecum.

o) Draw diagram showing caecal bed.

p) Describe shape, size, parts, positions, appendicular

orifice, peritoneal relations, blood supply, nerve supply

and lymphatic drainage of Appendix.

q) Draw diagram showing various positions of Appendix.

r) Explain the anatomical basis of duodenal ulcer,

diverticula, sites of pain in appendicitis, poas test and

obturator test.

s) Draw diagram showing visceral relations of spleen.

t) Describe ducts of pancreas.

u) Describe anatomical basis of referred pain of pancreatitis,

obstructive jaundice in carcinoma head of pancreas,

pseudo cyst of pancreas.

v) Describe lobes of liver and hepatic segments.

w) Enumerate bare areas of liver, identify ligaments attached

to the liver.

x) Draw diagram showing relations of inferior surface of

liver.

y) Enumerate components of extra hepatic biliary apparatus.

z) Describe sphincter choledochus and sphincter of Oddi.

aa) Describe coverings of kidney.

bb) Draw diagram showing anterior and posterior relations of

right and left kidney.

cc) Draw diagram of T.S. through lumbar region showing

covering of kidney.

dd) Draw diagram of coronal section showing naked eye

structure of kidney.

ee) Draw diagram showing structure of nephron.

ff) Draw diagram showing arrangement of arteries in kidney.

gg) Explain anatomical basis of spread of pus in perinephric

abscess, floating kidney, danger of opening pleural cavity

in exposure of kidney, renal angle.

hh) Describe size, course, normal constrictions, relation,

blood supply and nerve supply of ureter.

ii) Explain anatomical basis of referred ureteric pain,

impaction of ureteric stone and sites of injury to ureter.

AN47.6 Explain the anatomical basis of Splenic notch, Accessory

spleens, Kehr’s sign, Different types of vagotomy, Liver

biopsy (site of needle puncture), Referred pain in

cholecystitis, Obstructive jaundice, Referred pain around

umbilicus, Radiating pain of kidney to groin &

Lymphatic spread in carcinoma stomach

a) Describe development of spleen and anatomical basis of

its notched superior border.

b) Describe structures developing from dorsal mesogastrium

and accessory spleen.

c) Describe and Draw diagram showing nerve supply of

stomach and explain anatomical basis of total, selective

and highly selective vagotomy.

d) Draw diagram showing site and structure pierced in liver

biopsy.

e) Describe nerve supply of gall bladder and anatomical

basis of referred pain in Cholecystitis.

f) Describe obstructive jaundice and Courvoisier’s law.

g) Describe viscera supplied by T10 nerve and anatomical

basis of referred pain around umbilicus.

h) Describe anatomical basis of spread of gastric carcinoma

through lymphatics.

i) Explain anatomical basis of referred pain of kidney to

groin.

AN47.7 Mention the clinical importance of Calot’s triangle a) Draw diagram showing boundaries, contents and relations

of Calot’s triangle.

b) Describe surgical importance of Calot’s triangle.

AN47.8 Describe & identify the formation, course relations and

tributaries of Portal vein, Inferior vena cava & Renal vein

a) Describe formation, course, termination, relations,

tributaries of portal vein, IVC and renal vein.

b) Identify portal vein, renal vein and IVC.

c) Draw diagrams showing formation and tributaries of

portal vein.

AN47.9 Describe & identify the origin, course, important

relations and branches of Abdominal aorta, Coeliac

trunk, Superior mesenteric, Inferior mesenteric &

Common iliac artery

a) Describe origin, course, important relations and branches

of abdominal aorta, coeliac trunk, superior mesenteric,

inferior mesenteric and common iliac arteries.

b) Draw diagram showing ventral and lateral branches of

abdominal aorta with their level of origin.

c) Draw diagrams showing arteries arising from Coeliac

trunk, branches of SMA and IMA.

d) Draw diagram showing marginal artery of Drummond,

Sudeck point and Arc of Riolan.

AN47.10 Enumerate the sites of portosystemic anastomosis a) Enumerate and draw diagram showing sites of portocaval

anastomosis.

AN47.11 Explain the anatomic basis of hematemesis& caput

medusae in portal hypertension

a) describe clinical conditions (oesophageal varices, caput

medusa, hemorrhoids) associated with portal

hypertension with respect to portocaval anastomosis.

AN47.12 Describe important nerve plexuses of posterior

abdominal wall

a) describe location, fibers and branches of coeliac and

superior hypogastric plexuses.

b) Describe lumbar sympathetic chain.

c) Identify branches of lumbar plexus on posterior

abdominal wall.

AN47.13 Describe & demonstrate the attachments, openings,

nerve supply & action of the thoracoabdominal

diaphragm

a) Describe thoraco abdominal diaphragm- definition,

attachment, openings, relations, nerve supply and actions.

b) Draw diagram showing of diaphragm showing crura,

medial and lateral arcuate ligaments, muscle fibres and

openings.

c) Enumerate large openings, their vertebral levels and

structures passing through them.

AN47.14 Describe the abnormal openings of thoracoabdominal

diaphragm and diaphragmatic hernia

a) Describe development of diaphragm and sites of

abnormal openings.

b) Describe congenital and acquired diaphragmatic hernia.

Topic: Pelvic wall and viscera

AN48.1 Describe & identify the muscles of Pelvic diaphragm a) Describe attachments, nerve supply and actions of levator

ani and coccygeous.

b) Identify openings and structures passing through pelvic

diaphragm in male and female.

c) Describe evolution of pelvic diaphragm.

AN48.2 Describe & demonstrate the (position, features,

important peritoneal and

a) Describe the viscera- urinary bladder, prostate, ovaries,

uterus, rectum and anal canal under following headings i)

position, ii) features (external and internal), iii) capsule

other relations, blood supply, nerve supply,

lymphatic drainage and clinical aspects of)

important male & female pelvic viscera

iv) peritoneal and visceral relations, v) blood supply and

nerve supply.

b) Identify and demonstrate features of urinary bladder,

ovaries, uterine tube, uterus and rectum.

c) Describe ligaments of urinary bladder and uterus along

with supports of uterus.

d) Draw diagram of posterior view of male urinary bladder

with its relations to genital ducts and glands.

e) Draw diagram of interior of urinary bladder.

f) Describe extent, shape, parts and sphincters of urethra in

male and female.

g) Draw diagram showing parts of male urethra and their

shape.

h) Explain extravasation of urine in rupture of urethra.

i) Describe the changes with age in prostate and uterus.

j) Describe forensic importance of secretions of seminal

vesicle.

k) Describe length, course and relations of ejaculatory duct

and vas deferens

l) Identify ovarian fossa, its boundaries and mesoovarium.

m) Describe size, parts, course, relations, blood supply, nerve

supply and lymphatic drainage of uterine tubes.

n) Draw a diagram of uterus and broad ligament showing

parts and contents of broad ligament.

o) Describe length, extent, direction, relations, interior,

musculature, related surgical spaces, blood supply, nerve

supply and lymphatic drainage of anal canal.

AN48.3 Describe & demonstrate the origin, course, important

relations and branches of internal iliac artery

a) Describe origin, course, relations and branches of internal

iliac artery.

b) Identify internal iliac artery and its branches in pelvis.

AN48.4 Describe the branches of sacral plexus a) Describe formation, relations and branches of

lumbosacral and coccygeal plexus.

b) Draw a diagram showing lumbosacral and coccygeal

plexus.

AN48.5 Explain the anatomical basis of suprapubic cystostomy,

Urinary obstruction in benign prostatic hypertrophy,

Retroverted uterus, Prolapse uterus, Internal and external

haemorrhoids, Anal fistula, Vasectomy, Tubal

pregnancy & Tubal ligation

a) Explain the anatomical basis of suprapubic cystostomy,

BPH, retroverted uterus, prolapse uterus, hemorrhoids,

anal fistula, vasectomy, tubectomy, laparoscopic

sterilization and tubal pregnancy.

AN48.6 Describe the neurological basis of Automatic bladder a) Explain anatomical basis of neurogenic automatic bladder

AN48.7 Mention the lobes involved in benign prostatic

hypertrophy & prostatic

cancer

a) Explain anatomical basis of BPH and prostatic carcinoma.

AN48.8 Mention the structures palpable during vaginal & rectal

examination

a) Describe the structure encountered in male and female on

per rectal and per vaginal examination.

b) Draw a diagram showing sagittal section of male and

female pelvis.

Topic: Perineum

AN49.1 Describe & demonstrate the superficial & deep perineal

pouch

(boundaries and contents)

a) Draw a diagram showing boundaries and contents of

superficial and deep perineal pouches in male and female.

b) Identify structures in superficial and deep perineal

pouches in male and female.

AN49.2 Describe & identify Perineal body a) Describe locations and enumerate muscles forming

perineal body.

b) Identify perineal body.

c) Draw a diagram showing muscles forming perineal body.

AN49.3 Describe & demonstrate Perineal membrane in male &

female

a) Draw a diagram showing attachments and structures

piercing perineal memberane in male and female.

AN49.4 Describe & demonstrate boundaries, content & applied

anatomy of Ischiorectal fossa

a) Describe ischiorectal fossa- size, boundaries, recesses,

spaces or canal, contents and clinical aspect.

b) Draw a diagram of coronal section through ischiorectal

fossa showing boundaries and content.

AN49.5 Explain the anatomical basis of Perineal tear,

Episiotomy, Perianal abscess and Anal fissure

a) Explain the anatomical basis of perineal tear, episiotomy,

perianal abscess and anal fissure.

Topic: Vertebral column

AN50.1 Describe the curvatures of the vertebral column a) Draw diagram showing curvatures of vertebral column.

AN50.2 Describe & demonstrate the type, articular ends,

ligaments and movements of Intervertebral joints,

Sacroiliac joints & Pubic symphysis

a) Describe type, articular surfaces, ligaments and

movements of intervertebral, sacroiliac, sacrococcygeal,

intercoccygeal joints and pubic symphysis.

b) Describe the structure of intervertebral disc.

c) Demonstrate these joints in bony pelvis.

AN50.3 Describe lumbar puncture (site, direction of the needle,

structures pierced during the lumbar puncture)

a) Describe site, position of patient, direction of needle and

structure pierced in lumbar puncture.

AN50.4 Explain the anatomical basis of Scoliosis, Lordosis,

Prolapsed disc, Spondylolisthesis & Spina bifida

a) Explain the anatomical basis of scoliosis, lordosis,

prolapsed intervertebral disc, spondyolysthesis and spina

bifida.

Topic: Sectional Anatomy

AN51.1 Describe & identify the cross-section at the level of T8,

T10 and L1 (transpyloric plane)

a) Describe & identify the cross-section at the level of T8,

T10 and L1 (transpyloric plane)

AN51.2 Describe & identify the midsagittal section of male and

female pelvis

a) Describe & identify the midsagittal section of male and

female pelvis

Topic: Histology & Embryology

AN52.1 Describe & identify the microanatomical features of

Gastro-intestinal system: Oesophagus, Fundus of

stomach, Pylorus of stomach, Duodenum, Jejunum,

Ileum, Large intestine, Appendix, Liver, Gall bladder,

Pancreas

& Suprarenal gland

a) Enumerate layers of GIT.

b) Identify slides and draw diagram showing microanatomy

of oesophagus, fundus of stomach, pylorus of stomach,

duodenum, jejunum, ileum, large intestine, appendix,

liver, gall bladder, pancreas and suprarenal gland.

AN52.2 Describe & identify the microanatomical features of:

Urinary system: Kidney, Ureter & Urinary bladder

Male Reproductive System: Testis, Epididymis,Vas

deferens, Prostate &

penis

a) Identify slide and draw diagram showing microanatomy

of kidney, ureter, urinary bladder, testis, epididymis, vas

deferens, prostate, penis, ovary, uterus, uterine tube,

cervix, placenta and umblical cord.

Female reproductive system: Ovary, Uterus,

Uterine tube, Cervix, Placenta & Umbilical cord

AN52.3 Describe & identify the microanatomical features of

Cardiooesophageal junction, Corpus luteum

a) Identify slide and draw diagram showing microanatomy

of cardio-oesophageal junction and corpus luteum.

AN52.4 Describe the development of anterior abdominal wall a) Describe the development of anterior abdominal wall

AN52.5 Describe the development and congenital anomalies of

Diaphragm

a) Describe the components forming diaphragm – septum

transversum, pleuro peritoneal membranes, ventral and

dorsal mesentery of oesophagus and mesoderm of body

wall.

b) Describe congenital anomalies of diaphragm.

AN52.6 Describe the development and congenital anomalies of:

Foregut, Midgut & Hindgut

a) Enumerate derivatives of foregut, midgut and hindgut.

b) Describe the development of oesophagus, stomach,

duodenum, jejunum, ileum, caecum, appendix, ascending

colon, transverse colon, descending colon, rectum and

anal canal.

c) Describe physiological umbilical hernia, rotation and

fixation of gut.

d) Explain embryological basis of congenital anomalies of

gut- congenital obstruction, fistula, duplication,

diverticula, vitelo intestinal duct anomalies, errors of

rotation, congenital umbilical hernia, errors of fixation

and situs inversus.

AN52.7 Describe the development of Urinary system a) Describe development of kidney, ascent and rotation of

kidney.

b) Explain the congenital anomalies of kidney- agenesis,

hypoplasia, duplication, anomalies of shape, position and

rotation, congenital polycystic kidney, aberrant renal

arteries.

c) Describe the development of ureter, urinary bladder and

explain their congenital anomalies- ectopia vesicae, hour

glass pattern.

d) Describe the development of female and male urethra and

explain the congenital anomalies- hypospadias and

epispadias.

AN52.8 Describe the development of male & female reproductive

system

a) Describe development of prostate.

b) Describe development of uterus and uterine tubes and

explain their congenital anomalies- uterus didelphys,

uterus bicornis, arcuate uterus, subseptate uterus.

c) Describe development of vagina and explain their

congenital anomalies- septate vagina, recto-vaginal and

vesical-vaginal fistula.

d) Describe development of male and female external

genitalia.

e) Describe development of testis- duct system of testis,

descent of testis and vestigial structures associated with

these.

f) Describe development of ovary- descent of ovary and fate

of mesonephric duct and tubules in male and females.

Topic: Osteology

AN53.1 Identify & hold the bone in the anatomical position,

Describe the salient features, articulations & demonstrate

the attachments of muscle groups

a) Identify and hold the hip bone, lumbar vertebrae and

sacrum in anatomical position. Demonstrate its general

features, attachments and joints formed by it.

AN53.2 Demonstrate the anatomical position of bony pelvis &

show boundaries of pelvic inlet, pelvic cavity, pelvic

outlet

a) Hold the pelvis in anatomical position, demonstrate

boundaries and dimensions of pelvic inlet, cavity and

outlet.

AN53.3 Define true pelvis and false pelvis and demonstrate sex

determination in male & female bony pelvis

a) Enumerate and demonstrate differences between male

and female bony pelvis.

b) Describe true and false pelvis.

AN53.4 Explain and demonstrate clinical importance of bones of

abdominopelvic region (sacralization of lumbar vertebra,

Lumbarization of 1st sacral vertebra, types of bony pelvis

& Coccyx)

a) Explain clinical importance of lumbarization of 1st sacral

vertebrae, sacralization of lumbar vertebrae, types of bony

pelvis and coccyx.

Topic: Radiodiagnosis

AN54.1 Describe & identify features of plain X ray abdomen a) Identify bony and soft tissue shadows in plain xray

abdomen.

AN54.2 Describe & identify the special radiographs of

abdominopelvic region

(contrast X ray Barium swallow, Barium meal,

Barium enema, Cholecystography, Intravenous

pyelography & Hysterosalpingography)

a) Describe the indication, procedure and principle of

contrast radiological technique- barium swallow, barium

meal, barium follow through, barium enema,

cholecystography, IVP and HSG.

b) Identify the structure delineated by these on x-rays.

AN54.3 Describe role of ERCP, CT abdomen, MRI,

Arteriography in

a) Describe indication, procedure and importance of ERCP,

CT abdomen, MRI and arteriography

radiodiagnosis of abdomen b) Identify abdominal viscera on CT abdomen and MRI.

c) Identify abdominal arteries on contrast CT abdomen.

Topic: Surface marking

AN55.1 Demonstrate the surface marking of; Regions and planes

of abdomen, Superficial inguinal ring, Deep inguinal ring

, McBurney’s point, Renal

Angle & Murphy’s point

a) Mark the planes of abdomen and position of superficial

inguinal ring, deep inguinal ring, McBurney’s point, renal

angle and Murphy’s point

AN55.2 Demonstrate the surface projections of: Stomach, Liver,

Fundus of gall bladder, Spleen, Duodenum, Pancreas,

Ileocaecal junction, Kidneys & Root of mesentery

a) Mark the surface projection of abdominal viscera-

stomach, liver, fundus of gall bladder, spleen, duodenum,

pancreas, ileocaecal junction, kidney and root of

mesentery.

Topic: Meninges & CSF

AN56.1 Describe & identify various layers of meninges with its

extent & modifications

a) Describe layers, folds, blood supply and applied anatomy

of duramater.

b) Describe Arachnoid matter with its processes and applied

importance.

c) Describe extensions and applied importance of

Subarachnoid space.

d) Describe Piamater along with their processes.

e) Identify all the layers of meninges with its extent and

modifications.

AN56.2 Describe circulation of CSF with its applied anatomy a) Discuss production, circulation and absorption of CSF

with its applied anatomy.

Topic: Spinal Cord

AN57.1 Identify external features of spinal cord a) Identify the external features of Spinal Cord.

b) Discuss and identify modification of Spinal Pia mater and

its clinical importance.

AN57.2 Describe extent of spinal cord in child & adult with its

clinical implication

a) Describe extent of spinal cord in child & adult with its

clinical implication.

AN57.3 Draw & label transverse section of spinal cord at mid-

cervical & mid- thoracic level

a) Draw & label transverse section of spinal cord at mid-

cervical & midthoracic level.

AN57.4 Enumerate ascending & descending tracts at mid thoracic

level of spinal cord

a) Enumerate ascending & descending tracts at mid thoracic

level of spinal cord.

AN57.5 Describe anatomical basis of syringomyelia a) Explain anatomical basis of syringomyelia

Topic: Medulla Oblongata

AN58.1 Identify external features of medulla oblongata a) Identify the external features on the anterior and posterior

aspect of medulla oblongata.

AN58.2 Describe transverse section of medulla oblongata at the

level of 1) pyramidal decussation, 2) sensory decussation

3) ION

a) Discuss, Draw and label transverse section of medulla

oblongata at the level of pyramidal decussation.

b) Discuss, Draw and label and transverse section of medulla

oblongata at level of sensory decussation.

c) Discuss, Draw and label and transverse section of medulla

oblongata at level of inferior olivary nucleus.

AN58.3 Enumerate cranial nerve nuclei in medulla oblongata

with their functional

a) Enumerate cranial nerve nuclei along with their functional

group in medulla oblongata

group b) Identify the point of emergence of these nerves in Medulla

oblongata

AN58.4 Describe anatomical basis & effects of medial & lateral

medullary syndrome

a) Explain the anatomical basis and clinical manifestation of

medial & lateral medullary syndrome

Topic: Pons

AN59.1 Identify external features of pons a) Identify the external features on the dorsal and ventral

aspect of Pons.

AN59.2 Draw & label transverse section of pons at the upper and

lower level

a) Draw & label transverse section of pons at the upper and

lower level.

AN59.3 Enumerate cranial nerve nuclei in pons with their

functional group

a) Enumerate cranial nerve nuclei along with their functional

group in Pons

b) Identify the point of emergence of these nerves in Pons

Topic: Cerebellum

AN60.1 Describe & demonstrate external & internal features of

cerebellum

a) Describe and identify the parts, surfaces, lobes, notches,

fissures and peduncles of cerebellum.

b) Describe and identify the internal features of cerebellum.

c) Draw and label sagittal section of vermis of the

cerebellum.

AN60.2 Describe connections of cerebellar cortex and

intracerebellar nuclei

a) Describe chief connection of the intra cerebellar nuclei

and their function.

b) Discuss the connection of cerebellar cortex.

AN60.3 Describe anatomical basis of cerebellar dysfunction a) What are signs and symptoms produced by lesions of

Archaecerebellum.

b) Describe dysfunctions produced by lesions of

Paleocerebellum.

c) Describe dysfunctions produced by lesions of

Neocerebellum.

Topic: Midbrain

AN61.1 Identify external & internal features of midbrain a) Identify the external features on ventral and dorsal aspect

of midbrain.

b) Describe internal structure of midbrain.

AN61.2 Describe internal features of midbrain at the level of

superior & inferior colliculus

a) Describe arrangement of structures forming crus cereberi.

b) Identify the red nucleus at the level of superior colliculus.

c) Discuss grey matter at the level of inferior colliculus.

AN61.3 Describe anatomical basis & effects of Benedikt’s and

Weber’s syndrome

a) Describe cause and signs and symptoms of Weber’s

syndrome.

b) Describe cause and signs and symptoms of Benedict’s

syndrome.

Topic: Cranial nerve nuclei & Cerebral hemispheres

AN62.1 Enumerate cranial nerve nuclei with its functional

component

a) Enumerate the cranial nerve nuclei, function, location and

functional component.

AN62.2 Describe & demonstrate surfaces, sulci, gyri, poles, &

functional areas of cerebral hemisphere

a) Identify and describe borders, surfaces, lobes, poles of

cerebral hemisphere.

b) Describe sulci, gyri and functional area of superolateral

surface of cerebral hemispheres.

c) Describe sulci, gyri and functional area of medial surface

of cerebral hemispheres.

d) Describe sulci, gyri and functional area of inferior surface

of cerebral hemispheres.

AN62.3 Describe the white matter of cerebrum a) Classify the white matter with examples

b) Describe and Identify parts, fibers, blood supply and

applied of Internal capsule

AN62.4 Enumerate parts & major connections of basal ganglia &

limbic lobe

a) Describe, identify, parts of Basal ganglia.

b) Describe major connections of Basal ganglia.

c) Enumerate parts of limbic lobe.

d) Describe connections of limbic system.

AN62.5 Describe boundaries, parts, gross relations, major nuclei

and connections of dorsal thalamus, hypothalamus,

epithalamus, metathalamus and subthalamus

a) Name and identify divisions and subdivisions of

diencephalon.

b) Describe external features of thalamus.

c) Describe major nuclei of thalamus with connections.

d) Describe and identify boundaries of hypothalamus.

e) Describe subdivisions of hypothalamus along with nuclei

with connections.

AN62.6 Describe & identify formation, branches & major areas

of distribution of circle of Willis

a) Describe, identify, formation, braches, major areas of

distribution of circle of Willis.

Topic: Ventricular System

AN63.1 Describe & demonstrate parts, boundaries & features of

IIIrd, IVth & lateral ventricle

a) Describe and demonstrate features, boundaries and

recesses of third ventricle.

b) Describe and demonstrate features, boundaries and

recesses of fourth ventricle.

c) Describe and demonstrate features, boundaries and

recesses of lateral ventricle.

AN63.2 Describe anatomical basis of congenital hydrocephalus a) Describe types and explain anatomical basis of

hydrocephalus.

Topic: Histology & Embryology

AN64.1 Describe & identify the microanatomical features of

Spinal cord, Cerebellum & Cerebrum

a) Describe the classification of nervous tissue.

b) Identify and draw the microscopic structure of spinal

cord, cerebral cortex and cerebellar cortex as observed

under the microscope

c) Differentiate the distribution of grey matter and white

matter in the spinal cord, cerebellum, cerebrum

d) Enumerate the layers and arrangement of cells in the

microscopic sections of cerebral cortex and cerebellar

cortex correctly with their functional correlation

AN64.2 Describe the development of neural tube, spinal cord,

medulla oblongata, pons, midbrain, cerebral hemisphere

& cerebellum

a) Describe the formation of neural tube and its subdivisions.

b) Describe the formation of various layers in the wall of

neural tube and their reorganization in various

subdivisions of neural tube

c) Describe the formation of Neural crest cells and list the

structures derived from them

d) Describe the formation of spinal cord, its extent during

different phases of development, formation of grey and

white matter, functional components of nerve cells of

spinal cord

e) Describe the development and subdivisions of Brain stem

and labelled diagram showing the functional components

of its nuclei

f) Describe the development of Cerebral Hemisphere &

Cerebellum

AN64.3 Describe various types of open neural tube defects with

its embryological basis

a) Classify the Neural tube defects

b) Provide the embryological basis for various neural tube

defects

Topic: Epithelium histology

AN65.1 Identify epithelium under the microscope & describe the

various types that correlate to its function

a) Describe the structure of simple, stratified,

pseudostratified and transitional epithelium

b) Draw a neat labelled histological picture of simple

columnar epithelium, simple cuboidal epithelium and

simple squamous epithelium

c) Draw a neat labelled histological picture of stratified

squamous epithelium, pseudostratified columnar

epithelium and transitional epithelium

AN65.2 Describe the ultrastructure of epithelium a) Describe the ultrastructure of epithelium

Topic: Connective tissue histology

AN66.1 Describe & identify various types of connective tissue

with functional correlation

a) Describe connective tissue and the cells and extra cellular

matrix in it

b) Describe different types of connective tissue with

examples

AN66.2 Describe the ultrastructure of connective tissue a) Describe the ultrastructure of connective tissue

Topic: Muscle histology

AN67.1 Describe & identify various types of muscle under the

microscope

a) Differentiate the histology of skeletal muscle, cardiac

muscle and smooth muscle

AN67.2 Classify muscle and describe the structure-function

correlation of the

same

a) Classify muscles with examples

b) Identify and Draw a neat labelled histological picture of

skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle and smooth muscle

AN67.3 Describe the ultrastructure of muscular tissue a) Describe the ultramicroscopic structure of skeletal

muscle.

Topic: Nervous tissue histology

AN68.1 Describe & Identify multipolar & unipolar neuron,

ganglia, peripheral nerve

a) Discuss the basis for classification of neurons, types of

neurons and draw the different types of neurons

b) Describe the structure and identify the unipolar and

multipolar neurons, dorsal root ganglion and sympathetic

ganglion in microscopic sections of nervous tissue and

labelled diagrams.

c) Classification and description of neuroglia and

identification of their location in nervous tissue in a H&E

stained section or a special stained section

AN68.2 Describe the structure-function correlation of neuron a) Describe the structure-function correlation of neuron

AN68.3 Describe the ultrastructure of nervous tissue a) Describe the ultrastructure of nervous tissue

Topic: Blood Vessels

AN69.1 Identify elastic & muscular blood vessels, capillaries

under the microscope

a) Describe the structure of elastic artery, muscular artery,

large and medium sized vein and their labelled

histological diagrams.

AN69.2 Describe the various types and structure-function

correlation of blood vessel

a) Enumerate the classification of blood vessels, differences

in their structure and their functional correlation

AN69.3 Describe the ultrastructure of blood vessels a) Describe the ultrastructure of blood vessels

Topic: Glands & Lymphoid tissue

AN70.1 Identify exocrine gland under the microscope &

distinguish between serous, mucous and mixed acini

a) Define gland and differentiate between exocrine and

endocrine gland.

b) Classify exocrine glands and describe the histological

features of Serous Acini, Mucous Acini and Mixed acini

with example.

c) Draw a neat labelled diagram of. Serous Acini Mucous

Acini and Mixed acini.

AN70.2 Identify the lymphoid tissue under the microscope &

describe microanatomy of lymph node, spleen, thymus,

tonsil and correlate the structure with function

a) List the primary and secondary lymphoid organs and

differentiate between them

b) Describe the histological features and labelled diagrams

of lymph node, spleen, thymus and tonsil.

c) Identify lymph node, spleen, thymus and tonsil under the

microscope correctly.

Topic: Bone & Cartilage

AN71.1 Identify bone under the microscope; classify various

types and describe the structure-function correlation of

the same

a) Differentiate between compact and cancellous bone along

with examples.

b) Identify compact and cancellous bone under microscope

and draw labelled diagrams.

c) Describe intramembranous and intracartilagenous

ossification.

d) Describe growth of a long bone and structure of

epiphyseal plate.

AN71.2 Identify cartilage under the microscope & describe

various types and structure- function correlation of the

same

a) Differentiate between elastic, hyaline and fibrocartilage

along with examples.

b) Identify elastic, hyaline and fibrocartilage under

microscope and draw labelled diagrams.

Topic: Integumentary System

AN72.1 Identify the skin and its appendages under the

microscope and correlate the structure with function

a) Describe the layers of the skin with its functional

significance

b) Differentiate between thick skin and thin skin and draw

their labelled diagrams

c) List the appendages of integumentary system

d) Correlate the functions of the integumentary system with

different layers

Topic: Chromosomes

AN73.1 Describe the structure of chromosomes with

classification

a) Describe chromatid, structure of chromosome and its

structural classification

AN73.2 Describe technique of karyotyping with its applications a) Should describe preparation of karyotyping and its uses

b) Describe technique of karyotyping (G-banding) with its

applications

c) Describe Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)

technique with its applications.

AN73.3 Describe the Lyon's hypothesis a) Describe the Lyon's hypothesis and its features

Topic: Patterns of Inheritance

AN74.1 Describe the various modes of inheritance with examples a) Describe the various modes of inheritance and their

characteristics

b) Mention examples for each mode of inheritance

AN74.2 Draw pedigree charts for the various types of inheritance

& give examples of diseases of each mode of inheritance

a) Describe the basic pedigree structure & notations used

b) Draw the pedigree charts for the various types of

inheritance & give examples of diseases of each mode of

inheritance

AN74.3 Describe multifactorial inheritance with examples a) Describe multifactorial inheritance with examples

AN74.4 Describe the genetic basis & clinical features of

Achondroplasia, Cystic Fibrosis, Vitamin D resistant

a) Describe the genetic basis & clinical features of

Achondroplasia, Cystic Fibrosis, Vitamin D resistant

rickets, Haemophilia, Duchene’s muscular dystrophy &

Sickle cell anaemia

rickets, Haemophilia, Duchene’s muscular dystrophy &

Sickle cell anaemia

Topic: Principle of Genetics, Chromosomal Aberrations & Clinical Genetics

AN75.1 Describe the structural and numerical chromosomal

aberrations

a) Describe the structural and numerical chromosomal

aberrations with examples

AN75.2 Explain the terms mosaics and chimeras with example a) Should explain the terms mosaics and chimeras with

example

AN75.3 Describe the genetic basis & clinical features of Prader

Willi syndrome, Edward syndrome & Patau syndrome

a) Describe the genetic basis & clinical features of Prader

Willi syndrome, Edward syndrome & Patau syndrome

AN75.4 Describe genetic basis of variation: polymorphism and

mutation

a) Describe genetic basis of variation: polymorphism and

mutation

AN75.5 Describe the principles of genetic counselling a) Describe the principles of genetic counselling and its

benefits

Topic: Introduction to embryology

AN76.1 Describe the stages of human life a) Describe the stages of human life

AN76.2 Explain the terms- phylogeny, ontogeny, trimester,

viability

a) Should explain the terms- phylogeny, ontogeny,

trimester, viability

Topic: Gametogenesis and fertilization

AN77.1 Describe the uterine changes occurring during the

menstrual cycle

a) Define menstrual cycle

b) Enumerate the phases of the menstrual cycle and changes

occurring in each phase with diagrams.

AN77.2 Describe the synchrony between the ovarian and

menstrual cycles

a) Define ovarian cycle

b) Enumerate the phases of the ovarian cycle and changes

occurring in each phase with diagrams.

c) Define ovulation with sequence of events and factors

responsible for ovulation

d) Describe the hormonal control of ovarian and uterine

cycles with appropriate diagrams

e) Correlate the phases of the menstrual cycle with the

various phases of ovarian cycle with diagram

AN77.3 Describe spermatogenesis and oogenesis along with

diagrams

a) Define spermatogenesis with its stages

b) Define spermiogenesis and changes occurring during

spermiogenesis

c) Describe and draw labelled diagram depicting the

structure of the normal human sperm

d) Define oogenesis with process of oogenesis before and

after birth.

e) Enumerate the differences between spermatogenesis and

oogenesis

f) Draw a labelled diagram depicting structure of an ovum

during ovulation

AN77.4 Describe the stages and consequences of fertilisation a) Define fertilization with its stages and diagrams.

b) Enlist the effects of fertilization

AN77.5 Enumerate and describe the anatomical

principles underlying contraception

a) Enumerate the techniques of permanent contraception

b) Enumerate the techniques of temporary contraception

c) Explain the anatomical basis of barrier techniques of

contraception in both the sexes

d) Describe the effects of contraceptive hormonal pills on

phases of the ovarian cycle

AN77.6 Describe teratogenic influences; fertility and

sterility, surrogate motherhood, social

significance of “sex-ratio”.

a) Define teratology with its principles and classification of

teratogens with example

b) Distinguish malformation, disruption, deformation and

dysplasia

c) Define infertility

d) Explain the anatomical basis of male infertility

e) Explain the anatomical basis of female infertility

f) Enlist the assisted reproductive techniques

g) Define in vitro fertilization and describe its steps

h) List the reasons for using in vitro fertilization

i) Explain the techniques and principles of IVF

j) Explain surrogate motherhood

k) Discuss the social significance of sex ratio

Topic: Second week of development

AN78.1 Describe cleavage and formation of blastocyst a) Describe cleavage and formation of blastocyst

AN78.2 Describe the development of trophoblast a) Describe the development of trophoblast

AN78.3 Describe the process of implantation & common

abnormal sites of implantation

a) Describe the process of implantation & common

abnormal sites of implantation

AN78.4 Describe the formation of extra-embryonic

mesoderm and coelom, bilaminar disc and

prochordal plate

a) Describe the formation of extra-embryonic mesoderm

and coelom, bilaminar disc and prochordal plate

AN78.5 Describe in brief abortion; decidual reaction, pregnancy

test

a) Describe in brief abortion; decidual reaction, pregnancy

test

Topic: 3rd to 8th week of development

AN79.1 Describe the formation & fate of the primitive streak a) Describe the formation & fate of the primitive streak

AN79.2 Describe formation & fate of notochord a) Describe formation & fate of notochord

AN79.3 Describe the process of neurulation a) Describe the process of neurulation

AN79.4 Describe the development of somites and intra-

embryonic coelom

a) Describe the development of somites and intra-

embryonic coelom

AN79.5 Explain embryological basis of congenital

malformations, nucleus pulposus,

sacrococcygeal teratomas, neural tube defects

a) Explain embryological basis of congenital

malformations, nucleus pulposus, sacrococcygeal

teratomas, neural tube defects

AN79.6 Describe the diagnosis of pregnancy in first

trimester and role of teratogens, alpha-

fetoprotein

a) Describe the diagnosis of pregnancy in first trimester

b) Describe role of teratogens and alpha-fetoprotein in first

trimester

Topic: Fetal membranes

AN80.1 Describe formation, functions & fate of-chorion:

amnion; yolk sac; allantois & decidua

a) Describe formation of chorion, amnion, yolk sac, allantois

and decidua

b) Enumerate the function and fate of chorion, amnion, yolk

sac, allantois and decidua.

AN80.2 Describe formation & structure of umbilical cord a) Describe formation of umbilical cord.

b) Enumerate the contents, function and applied of Umblical

cord.

AN80.3 Describe formation of placenta, its physiological

functions, foetomaternal circulation & placental barrier

a) Describe development of placenta and formation of

chorionic villi.

b) Describe the structure of a full term placenta and its

congenital anomalies.

c) Enumerate the physiological functions of Placenta.

d) Describe and draw labelled diagram of placental barrier.

e) Describe the foeto placental circulation.

AN80.4 Describe embryological basis of twinning in

monozygotic & dizygotic twins

a) Describe the embryologic basis of monozygotic and

dizygotic twins.

b) List out the difference between monozygotic and

dizygotic twins.

c) Describe the congenital anomalies associated with

twinning.

AN80.5 Describe role of placental hormones in uterine growth &

parturition

a) List the various placental hormones and enumerate its

function

AN80.6 Explain embryological basis of estimation of fetal age. a) Differentiate embryonic and foetal period.

b) Describe key developmental events during embryonic and

foetal period.

c) Describe the criteria for estimation of gestational age in

days and weeks.

d) Describe the milestones in each trimester of pregnancy.

AN80.7 Describe various types of umbilical cord attachments a) Describe the different types of umbilical cord attachment

to placenta.

Topic: Prenatal Diagnosis

AN81.1 Describe various methods of prenatal diagnosis Describe various methods of prenatal diagnosis

AN81.2 Describe indications, process and disadvantages of

amniocentesis

Describe indications, process and disadvantages of

amniocentesis

AN81.3 Describe indications, process and disadvantages of

chorion villus biopsy

Describe indications, process and disadvantages of chorion villus

biopsy

Topic: Ethics in Anatomy

AN 82.1 Demonstrate respect and follow the correct procedure

when handling cadavers and other biologic tissue

Demonstrate respect and follow universal precautions when

handling cadavers and other biologic tissue