department of chemistry a.m.u., aligarh · introduction to quantum chemistry, a.k. chandra, tata...

DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRYA.M.U., ALIGARH

M. Sc. First Semester (CBCS)Analytical Chemistry – I (CHM 1001)

(W.E.F. 2015-2016) M.M.: 100 (30+70)4 Periods/weekCredits = 4;Unit-I. Gas ChromaotographyPrinciples; Instruments; Carrier gases; Columns and stationary phases; Sample injection systems,Detectors- characteristics of the ideal detectors, thermal conductivity detector, flame ionizationdetector, electron capture detector and others; Factors affecting the efficiency of the column;Qualitative analysis, Kovats retention index I; Quantitative analysis, analyses based on peak heightand peak areas; Temperature programming; Applications.Unit-II. High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)Principles; Instrumentations; Isocratic and gradient elution; Pumping systems; Columns andcolumn packings; Detectors- absorbance, fluorescence, refractive-index and electrochemicaldetectors; Basic difference between HPLC and conventional liquid chromatography; Advantagesand applications.Unit-III. Size Exclusion ChromatographyPrinciples of separation; Theoretical basis- calibration curve, exclusion limit, total permeation andselective permeation regions; Relation between elution volume and molecular weight; Packingmaterials and applications.

Ion-Exchange / Ion ChromatographyPrinciples of separation; Ion-exchange equilibria and selectivity; Types of stationary phases, Effectof pH on separation of amino acid, effect of complexing agent on separation of metal ions;Distinction between ion-exchange and ion chromatography; Ion-suppression in ion-chromatography; Ion chromatography with eluent suppressor column; Single column ionchromatography; Properties of mobile phases; Detectors; Applications. mobile phasesUnit-IV. Thin-Layer ChromatographyScope; Procedure; Thin-layer plates and stationary phases; Mobile phase; Plate development;Detection of the spots; Performance characteristics of thin-layer plates- retardation and retentionfactor, plate heights; High-performance thin- layer chromatography; Qualitative applications-variables that influence Rf, elution methods, two-dimensional planar chromatography;Quantitative measurement;

Chiral ChromatographyIntroduction; Chiral derivatization; Chiral mobile-phase additive, Chiral stationary phases- proteinderived, commercial polysaccharides, characteristics; Mechanism of chiral interactions;Experimental parameters; Applications.Books recommended:1. Chromatography: Concepts and Contrasts, 2nd Ed., James M. Miller, Wiley, 2009, ISBN: 0470530251,978-0470530252.2. Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry: A Practical Guide, 2nd Ed., O David Sparkman, Zelda Penton and Fulton G.Kitson, Elsevier, 2011, ISBN: 978-0-12-373628-4.3. Practical High-Performance Liquid Chromatography, 5th Ed., Veronika R. Meyer, Wiley, 2010.4. Chromatography Theory- Chromatographic Science, 88, Jack Cazes, Raymond P.W. Scott, CRC Press; 2002.5. Modern Practice of Gas Chromatography, 4th Ed., Robert L. Grob & Eugene F. Barry, John Wiley & Sons, 2004, ISBN:978-0-471-22983-4.6. Analytical Chemistry, 6th Ed., Gary D. Christian, Wiley, 2003, ISBN: 0471214728.7. Instrumental Methods of Analysis, 7th Ed., Willard, Merritt, Dean, Settle, CBS Publishers, 1986.8. Instrumental Analysis, 2nd Indian Reprint, Douglas A. Skoog, F. James Holler, Stanley R. Crouch, Brooks Cole- CenageLearning 2008, Pages: 1102, ISBN: 9788131505427.


M. Sc. First Semester (CBCS)Inorganic Chemistry-I (CHM 1002)

(W.E.F. 2015‒2016) M.M.: 100 (30+70)4 Periods/weekCredits = 4;Unit-I Mechanism of Substitution Reactions in Octahedral Transition Metal ComplexesThermodynamic and kinetic stability of complexes. Energy profile of a substitutionreaction. Inert and labile complexes. Valence bond theory, Henry and Taube concept-crystal field theory and crystal field activation energy. Crystal field splitting of squarepyramidal, Trigonal bipyramidal and Pentagonal bipyramidal Intermediates. Kineticsof octahedral substitution. Factors affecting the inert and labile nature, calculation ofCFAE (crystal field activation energy). Acid hydrolysis, Garrick SN1 conjugate basemechanism for base hydrolysis of octahedral complexes. Evidence of SN1 CBmechanism. Anation reaction, decarboxylation reaction in octahedral complex andSubstitution reaction without breakage of metal to ligand bond.Unit-II Reaction Mechanism in Square Planar Complexes.Substitution reactions in square planer complexes trans effect, Green bergepolarization theory, ‒bonding theory, M.O. Theory, Reductions oxidation reaction. Oneelectron transfer reaction. Outer sphere, Inner sphere redox reaction, Marcus Hush theory.Unit-III Metal–Ligand BondingShort coming in crystal field theory. Crystal field splitting in octahedral, tetrahedraland square planer complexes. Structural effect of crystal field splitting, variation ofionic radio lattice energy. John Teller dictation Molecular orbital theory, ‒bondingand M.O. theory, variation of Δo with the ‒acceptor and σ‒donor ligand.Unit-IV Electronic Spectra and Magnetic Properties of Transition Metal ComplexesGrand state term, symbol, splitting of term by ligands. Rules for electron transition.Orgel diagram for d1 to d9 system in octahedral and tetrahedral geometries,calculation of 10 Dq Racah Parameter, Nephelauxetic effect and nature of bond incomplexes charge transfer or Redox spectra with spectral reference to M →LandL→M, CT spectra. Anomalous magnetic moment of complexes, Quenching of orbitalmagnetic moment. Effect on magnetic moment by M ─M bond, super exchange andspin-spin cross over in the complexes optically active chelates. Determination ofabsolute configuration of complexes. Especially with chelates ligand.

Books Suggested:1. Comprehensive Coordination Chemistry eds., G. Wilkinson, R.D. Gillars and J.A. McClevert, Pergamon2. Magnetochemstry, R.L. Carlin, Springer Verlag.3. Inorganic Electronic Spectroscopy, A.B.P. Lever, Elsevier.4. Inorganic Chemistry, J.E. Huhey, Harpes & Row.5. Advanced Inorganic Chemistry, F.A. Cotton and G. Wilkinson, John Wiley6. Chemistry of the Elements, N.N. Greenwood and A. Earnshaw, Pergamon.7. Advanced Inorganic Chemistry by J.D. Lee.


M. Sc. First Semester (CBCS)Organic Chemistry-I (CHM 1003)

(W.E.F. 2015-2016) M.M.: 100 (30+70)4 Periods/weekCredits = 4;Unit-I (a) Nature of Bonding in Organic MoleculesBonding in fullerenes and tautomerism. Alternant and non-alternant hydrocarbons, energy level of -molecular orbitals, annulenes, anti-aromaticity, -aromaticity, homo-aromaticity, PMO approach. Bondsweaker than covalent-addition compounds, crown ether complexes and cryptands, inclusion compounds,cyclodextrins, catenanes and rotaxanes.

(b) StereochemistryConformational analysis of cycloalkanes, decalins, effect of conformation on reactivity, conformation ofsugars, steric strain due to unavoidable crowding. Elements of symmetry, chirality, molecules with morethan one chiral center, threo and erythro isomers, methods of resolution, optical purity, enantiotopic anddiastereotopic atoms, groups and faces, stereospecific and stereoselective synthesis. Asymmetricsynthesis. Optical activity in the absence of chiral carbon (biphenyls, allenes and spiranes), chirality dueto helical shape. Stereochemistry of the compounds containing nitrogen, sulphur and phosphorus.Unit-II Reaction Mechanism: Structure and ReactivityTypes of mechanisms, thermodynamic and kinetic requirements, kinetic and thermodynamic control,Hammond's postulate, Curtin-Hammett principle. transition states and intermediates, methods ofdeterming rxn mechanism isotope effects. Hard and soft acids and bases. Effect of structure on reactivity -resonance and field effects, steric effect, quantitative treatment. The Hammett equation and linear freeenergy relationship, substituent and reaction constants. Taft equation.Unit-III (a) Aliphatic Electrophilic SubstitutionBimolecular mechanismsSE2 and SEi. The SE1 mechanism, electrophilic substitution accompanied bydouble bond shifts. Effect of substrates, leaving group and the solvent polarity on the reactivity.

(b) Aromatic Electrophilic SubstitutionThe arenium ion mechanism, orientation and reactivity, energy profile diagrams. ortho/para ratio, ipsoattack, orientation in other ring systems. Quantitative treatment of reactivity in substrates andelectrophiles. Diazonium coupling, Vilsmeir reaction, Gattermann-Koch reaction.Unit-IV (a) Aliphatic Nucleophilic SubstitutionThe SN2, SN1, mixed SN1 and SN2 and SET mechanisms. The neighbouring group mechanism,neighbouring group participation by and bonds, anchimeric assistance. Classical and nonclassicalcarbocations, phenonium ions, norbornyl system, common carbocation rearrangements.The SNi mechanism. Nucleophilic substituon at an allylic, aliphatic trigonal and a vinylic carbon.Reactivity effects of substrate structure, attacking nucleophile, leaving group and reaction medium,phase transfer catalysis and ultrasound, ambident nucleophile, regioselectivity

(b) Aromatic Nucleophilic SubstitutionThe SNAr, SN1, benzyne and SRN1 mechanisms. Reactivity-effect of substrate structure, leaving groupand attacking nucleophile. The von Richter, Sommelet-Hauser, and Smiles rearrangements.Books Suggested:1. Advanced Orgnaic Chemistry-Reactions, Mechanism and Structure, Jerry March, 6th Edition John Wiley.2. Advanced Organic Chemistry, F.A. Carey and R.J. Sundberg, Plenum.3. A Guide Book to Mechanism in Organic Chemistry, Peter Sykes, Longman.4. Structure and Mechanism in Organic Chemistry, C.K. Ingold, Cornell University Press.5. Organic Chemistry, J.clayden, N.Greevs, S. Wawen, P. Wothers, Oxford Press.6. Modern Organic Reactions, H.O. House, Benjamin.7. Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds, D. Nasipuri, New Age International.8. Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds, P.S. Kalsi, New Age International.


M. Sc. First Semester (CBCS)Physical Chemistry-I (CHM 1004)

(W.E.F. 2015-2016) M.M.: 100 (30+70)4 Periods/weekCredits = 4;Unit-I. Quantum Chemistry

Introduction to Exact Quantum Mechanical ResultsThe Schrodinger equation and the postulates of quantum mechanics. Hermitian operators,normalization, orthogonality, Discussion of solutions of the Schrodinger equation to somemodel systems viz., particle in a box, the harmonic oscillator, the rigid rotor.Unit-II. (A) Angular MomentumOrdinary angular momentum, generalized angular momentum, eigenfunctions, for angularmomentum, eigenvalues of angular momentum, operator using ladder operators, addition ofangular momenta, spin, antisymmetry and Pauli exclusion principle.

(B) Electronic Structure of AtomsRussell-Saunders terms and coupling schemes, Slater-Condon parameters, term separationenergies of the pn configuration, term separation energies for the dn configuration, magneticeffects spin-orbit coupling and Zeeman splitting, introduction to the methods of self-consistent field, the virial theorem.Unit-III. (A) Approximate MethodsThe variation theorem, linear variation principle. Perturbation theory (first order and non-degenerate). Applications of variation method and pertubation theory of the Hydrogen atom.

(B) Molecular Orbital TheoryHuckel theory of conjugated systems, Bond order and charge density calculations,Applications to ethylene, butadiene, cyclopropenyl radical, cyclobutadiene etc.Unit-IV. (A) Classical ThermodynamicsFree energy, chemical potential and entropies. Partial molar properties; Partial molar freeenergy, partial molar volume and partial molar heat content and their significances.Determination of these quantities. Concept of fugacity and determination of fugacity.Application of phase rule to three component systems.

(B) Statistical ThermodynamicsConcept of distribution, thermodynamic probability and most probable distribution.Ensemble averaging, postulates of ensemble averaging. Canonical, grand canonical andmicrocanonical ensembles, corresponding distribution laws (using Langrange’s method ofundetermined multiplier). Partition functions – translational, rotational, vibrational andelectronic partition functions, calculation of thermodynamic properties in terms of partitionfunctions. Application of partition functions.Books suggested:1. Physical Chemistry, P.W. Atkins, Oxford Press. 7th Edn.2. Introduction to Quantum Chemistry, A.K. Chandra, Tata McGraw Hill.3. Quantum Chemistry, Ira N. Levine, Prentice Hall.4. Coulson's Valence, R. McWeeny, ELBS.


M. Sc. First Semester (CBCS)Spectroscopy and Diffractions Methods (CHM 1005)

(W.E.F. 2015-2016) M.M.: 100 (30+70)2 Periods/weekCredits = 2;Unit-I. Theory of Microwave SpectroscopyClassification of molecules, rigid rotor model, effect of isotopic substitution on thetransition frequencies, intensities, non-rigid rotor, Stark effect and Applications.Unit-II. Theory of Infrared SpectroscopyReview of linear harmonic oscillator, vibrational energies of diatomic molecules, zeropoint energy, force constant and bond strengths; anharmonicity, Morse potential energydiagram, vibrational-rotation spectroscopy, PQR branches.Unit-III. Theory of Molecular Spectroscopy:Raman Spectroscopy: Classical and quantum theories of Raman effect. Pure rotational,vibrational and vibrational-rotational Raman Spectra, selection rules.Electronic spectroscopy of moleculs: Energy levels, vibrational course structure:progressions Intensity of vibrational-Electranic spatra; Franck-Condon principle.Unit-IV. Methods of Structural analysis of solids.Laue method, Bragg’s method, Debye-Scherrer method (powder method) of X-raystructural analysis, Description of the procedure for an X-ray structure analysis, Electrondiffraction and Neutron diffraction.Miller indices, index reflections, systematic absences in diffraction pattern.Books Suggested:1. Modern Spectroscopy, J.M. Hollas, John Wiley.2. Introduction to Molecular Spectroscopy, G.M. Barrow, McGraw Hill.3. The Raman Effect: Vol. 1, Principles, Marcel Dekker Inc.4. Basic Principles of Spectroscopy, R. Chang, McGraw Hill.5. Fundamentals of Molecular Spectroscopy. C.N. Banwell, Tata McGraw Hill.6. Solid State Chemistry and its Applications, A.R. West, John Wiley & Sons.


M.Sc. Chemistry, I – Semester (CBCS)Current Trends in Instrumental Analysis (CHM 1011)

(DC– I, Analytical)(w.e.f. 2015-2016) M.M.: 100 (30+70)2 Periods/weekCredits = 2;Unit–I Kinetic Methods of Analysis: Theory and practice, classification ofchemical kinetic methods – Direct computation integral methods, directcomputation rate methods, curve fitting methods. Quantitativeapplications – Enzyme catalyzed reactions and non-enzyme catalyzedreactions, non catalytic reactions, problems.Unit–II Ion Selective Membrane Electrodes: Classification of membranes,properties of ion – selective membranes, glass ion selective electrodes,crystalline solid state ion selective electrodes, quantitative applicationsand problems.Unit–III Immunoassay: Principle, specificity of immunoassays, preparation ofantibody, fluorescence immunoassay, applications, enzymeimmunoassays, applications.Unit–IV Inductivity Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry: instruments for ICP MS,atomic mass spectra and interferences, applications of ICP MS –Qualitative and semi-quantitative, quantitative analysis.

Recommended Books1. Modern Analytical Chemistry, D. Harvey, McGraw Hill Higher Education, New York, 2ooo.2. Analytical Chemistry, G.D. Christian, 6th Edn., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., U.S.A., 2oo4.3. Instrumental Analysis, D.A. Skoog, F.J. Holler, S.R. Crouch, Cengage Learning, India, 2o1o.


M.Sc. Chemistry, I – Semester (CBCS)Metal and Health:

Inorganic Pharmaceuticals and metalloenzymes (CHM 1012)(DC-I, Inorganic Chemistry)

(w.e.f. 2015-2016) M.M.: 100 (30+70)2 Periods/weekCredits = 2;Unit-I Biochemical bases of essential metal deficiency with special referenceto Cu, Zn.Unit-II Role of radioactive metal ion for radio diagnosis. Complexes oftransition metal (Pt) as anticancer agent, Mechanism of action. Toxiceffect of Pt complexes to human body.Unit-III Transition metal containg Protein Viz, Zn-containg Mo, W and Cocontaing enzymes. Their structure and few important functions.Unit-IV Carbonic anhydrase and its mechanism of action super oxidedismutase. Mechanism of dismulation of super oxide ion.Books:1. Inorg. Chemistry by Shriver Alkem Oxford University Press.2. Modern Inorg. Chemistry by W. Jolly, 2nd Edition Mc Graw Hill Inc.3. Bioinorganic Chemistry by A.K. Das CBS Publication & distribution.


M.Sc. Chemistry, I – Semester (CBCS)Photophysical Chemistry (CHM 1014)

(DC–I, Physical Chemistry)(w.e.f. 2015-2016) M.M.: 100 (30+70)2 Periods/weekCredits = 2;Unit - I Mechanism of Absorption and Emission of Radiation of Photochemical InterestElectronic energy states of atoms; The selection rule, spectroscopic terms forelectronic states. notation for excited state of organic molocules, Einstein’s treatmentof absorption & emission phenomena, Time dependent Schrodinger equation,Intensity of electronic transition, Rules governing the transition between two energystates, d-d transition, charge transfer transitionUnit – II Photophysical Processes in Electronically Excited Molecules.Types of photophysical processes, Radiationless transition, Fluorescence emission,Fluorescence & Structure, Triplet State & phosphorescence emission, Emissionproperty and the electromic cofiguration. Photophysical kinetics of unimolecularprocesses.Unit – III Photophysical Kinetics of Bimolecular Processes.Kinetic & optical collisions, Biomolecular collision in gases & mechanism offluorosence quenching, collision in solution, Stern-Volmer equation Concentrationdependence of quenching, quenching by foreign substances.Unit - IV Photochemical Primary Processes.Classification of photochemical reaction, rate constants & lifetimes of reactivetransition states, light intensity and rate of photochemical reactions, Types ofphotochemical reaction.

Books:1. Principles of Physical Chemistry, P.W. Atkins, Oxford Press.2. Physical Chemistry, Thomas Engel, Philip Reid, Pearson Education (2006)3. Fundamental of photochemistry, K. K. Rohatgi – Mukherjee, New Age International, 2008.


M. Sc. First Semester (C.B.C.S.)Organic Chemistry (DC-1)

Name Reactions and Molecular Rearrangements –I (CHM-1019)(w.e.f. 2016-2017 ) M.M.: 100 (30+70)2 Periods/weekCredits = 2;

Unit –I Named Reactions with Mechanism and Applications (Based on MulticomponentStrategy)General introduction to multicomponent strategies. Baylis Hillman reaction, Biginellireaction, Passerini reaction, Ugi Multicomponent reactions, Mitsunobu reaction, Smith-Tietze Dithiane Linchpin coupling reaction, Strecker reaction.

Unit – II Named Reactions with Mechanism and Applications (Based on MiscellaneousStrategies)Acyloin Condensation, Bartoli Indole Synthesis, Polonovski reaction, Prins reaction,Krohnke Pyridine synthesis, Wharton Fragmentation reaction, Pauson-Khand reaction.

Unit – III Molecular RearrangementsA detailed mechanistic study and general applications of the followingrearrangements:Baker-Venkataraman, Brook, Carroll, Dienone-Phenol, Meyer-Schuster andRupe rearrangement, Mislow-Evans, Overman, Payne, Pumerer, Ramberg-Backlund, Smiles,Sommelet-Hauser and Wolf Rearrangements.

Unit – IV Mechenism and Applications of the following rearrangementsBoekelheide, Ciamician-Dennstedt, Bond-Switch, Bouiton-Katritzky, Cornforth, Dimroth,Gabreil-Colman rearrangement.

Books Suggested:1. Advanced Orgnaic Chemistry-Reactions, Mechanism and Structure, Jerry March, 6th Edition (John Wiley)2. Organic Chemistry, J.Clayden, N.Greevs, S. Warren, 2nd Edition (Oxford Press)3. Named Organic Reactions, Thomas Laue, Andreas Plagens, 2nd Edition (John Wiley)4. Name Reactions: A Collection of Detailed Reaction Mechanisms, Li, Jie Jack,3rd Edition (Springer)5. Name Reactions in Heterocyclic Chemistry II, Jie Jack Li, E. J. Corey,6. Organic Chemistry; J. Clayden, N. Greavs, S. Warren, P. Wothers7. Reaction Mechanism in Organic Chemistry; S. M. Mukherjee, S. P. Singh8. Named Organic Reactions; T. Laue, A. Plagens; John-Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


M. Sc. Second Semester (C.B.C.S.)Analytical Chemistry – II (CHM 2001)

(W.E.F. 2015-2016) M.M.: 100 (30+70)4 Periods/weekCredits = 4;Unit-I. UV/Visible Absorption spectrometryAbsorbing species containing , and n-electrons, chromophores, absorption involvingd and f electrons, Photometric accuracy-twyman-Lothian and Ringbom plots, sources ofInstrumental noise, Differential spectrophotometry-High absorbance method, traceanalysis procedure, method of ultimate precision, photometric titrations, Derivativespectrophotometry, spectrophotometric studies of complex ions: Job’s method ofcontinuous variations; mole-ratio and slope –ratio methods, problems.Unit-II. Molecular Luminesescence SpectrometryTheory of fluorescence and phosphorescence, variables that affect fluorescence andphosphorescence, emission and excitation spectra, photoluminescence intensity asrelated to concentration, Instruments for measuring fluorescence and phosphorescence,determination of inorganic and organic species. Applications of fluorometry andphosphorimetry for detection in liquid chromatography, problems.Unit-III. Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS)Introduction to optical atomic spectrometry; Selection criteria of the proper atomicspectrometric techniques; Basic principles of AAS; Sample introduction methods-nebulization, hydride generation and others; Atomization methods- flame atomizationand flame characteristics, electrothermal atomization, glow discharge atomization, andcold vapour atomization. Atomic absorption spectrophotometer and its components-radiation sources and source modulation; Interferences and their elimination- spectralinterferences, background corrections and chemical interferences; Applications.Unit-IV. Atomic Emission spectrometry (AES)Flame emission spectrometry (Flame photometry)-Basic principles, theory of flamespectra, flame photometer, qualitative & quantitative analysis, errors and applications;comparison with flame atomic absorption.Atomic emission spectrometry with plasma sources- inductively coupled plasma (ICP)and direct current plasma, plasma source spectrometers, interferences and applications;Atomic emission spectrometry with electrical discharges- arc and spark sources;comparison of ICP-AES with AAS.Books recommended:1. Spectrochemical analysis by atomic absorption and emission, 2nd Ed, Lauri H. J. Lajunen, Royal Society ofChemistry, 1992, ISBN: 0851868738, 9780851868738.2. Analytical Atomic Spectrometry with Flames and Plasmas, 2nd Ed., José A. C. Broekaert, John Wiley & Sons,

2005, ISBN: 978-3-527-31282-5.3. Principles of Instrumental Analysis, 6thEd., Skoog, Holler, Crouch, Brooks/Cole-Cengage Learning, 2007,ISBN: 9780495012016, p.1056.4. Instrumental Methods of Chemical Analysis, Ed. 5, G.W. Ewing, McGraw-Hill, 1985, p. 538.5. Atomic absorption spectrometry, 3rd Ed., Bernhard Welz and Michael Sperling, Wiley-VCH, 1999.6. Analytical Chemistry, Seamus P. J. Higson, Oxford University Press, 2004, ISBN-13: 978-0198502890.7. Instrumental Analysis, 2nd Ed.., Henry H. Bauer, Gary D. Christian, James E. O'Reilly, Allyn and Baconchemistry series, 1978, ISBN: 0205065562, 9780205065561.


M. Sc. Second Semester (C.B.C.S.)Inorganic Chemistry-II (CHM 2002)

(W.E.F. 2015-2016) M.M.: 100 (30+70)4 Periods/weekCredits = 4;Unit-I Metal CarbonylsIntroduction, Synthesis of metal carbonyls, Structure and bonding (Synergicniteractions), Vibrational spectra of metal carbonyls for bonding and structuralelucidation (monomuclear and polymuclear metal carbonyls), Identification ofisomers, Reactivity of metal carbonyls.Unit-II Metal NitrosylsIntroduction, modes of bonding of NO as NO+, Nitrosylating agents for synthesis ofmetal nitrosyls, Structure, bonding and important reactions of transition metalnitrosyls, Vibrational spectra for structural elucidation and bondig in metal nitrosyls.Structure of Roussins red and black salts. Dinitrogen, dioxygen and tertiaryphosphine as Ligands. Bonding Schemes.Unit-III Metal ClustersFactors farouring M-M bondig, Carbonyl Clusters, Classification Low – NucleartyCarbonyl Clusters (M3 and M4 Clusters), Structural Patterns in M3(CO)12 (M=Fe, Ru,Os) and M4(CO)12 (M=CO, Rh, Ir) Clusters. Metal Carbonly Scrambling; HighNuclearity Clusters, M5,M6,M7, M8 and M10 clusters, Electron Count theory andcapping rule.Metal Halide Clusters: major structural types in Dimuclear Metal-Metal systems-Edge Sharing Bioctahedra, face sharing Bioctahedra, Tetragonal prismatic andtrigonal antiprismetic structures, Quadruple bonds, Structure and bonding in(Re2Cl8)2-Unit-IV Metal-Ligand Equilibria in SolutionStepwise and overall formation constants and their interaction, trends in stepwiseconstants, factors affecting the stability of metal complexes with reference to thenature of metal ion and ligand, chelate effect and its thermodynamic origin,determination of binary formation constants by pH-metry. Formation of colouredcomplexes in solution in different metal to ligand ratios. Calculation of stabilityconstant of a complex formed in 1:1 metal to ligand ratio by spectrophotometricmethod. Determination of .

Books Suggested:1. Advanced Inorganic Chemistry, F.A. Cotton and G. Wilkinson, John Wiley2. Inorganic Chemistry, J.E. Huhey, Harpes & Row.3. Chemistry of the Elements, N.N. Greenwood and A. Earnshaw, Pergamon.4. Inorganic Electronic Spectroscopy, A.B.P. Lever, Elsevier.5. Magnetochemsitry, R.L. Carlin, Springer Verlag.6. Comprehensive Coordination Chemistry eds., G. Wilkinson, R.D. Gillars and J.A. McCleverty, Pergamon.


M. Sc. Second Semester (C.B.C.S.)Organic Chemistry-II (CHM 2003)

(W.E.F. 2015-2016) M.M.: 100 (30+70)4 Periods/weekCredits = 4;Unit- I (a). Free Radical ReactionsTypes of free radical reactions, free radical substitution mechanism, mechanism at an aromaticsubstrate, neighbouring group assistance. Reactivity for aliphatic and aromatic substrates at abridgehead. Reactivity in the attacking radicals. The effect of solvents on reactivity.Allylic halogenation (NBS), oxidation of aldehdyes to carboxylic acids, auto-oxidation, coupling ofalkynes and arylation of aromatic compounds by diazonium salts. Sandmeyer reaction. Free radicalrearrangement. Hunsdiecker reaction.

(b). Elimination ReactionsThe E2, E1 and E1cB mechanisms and their spectrum, Orientation of the double bond. Reactivity -effects of substrate structures, attacking base, the leaving group and the medium.Mechanism and orientation in pyrolytic elimination.Unit-II. Addition to Carbon-Carbon Multiple BondsMechanistic and stereochemical aspects of addition reactions involving electrophiles, nucleophilesand free radicals, regio- and chemoselectivity, orientation and reactivity. Addition to cyclopropanering. Hydrogenation of double and triple bonds, hydrogenation of aromatic rings. Hydroboration.Michael reaction. Sharpless asymmetric epoxidation.Unit-III. Addition to Carbon-Hetero Multiple BondsMechanism of metal hydride reduction of saturated and unsaturated carbonyl compounds, acids,esters and nitriles. Addition of Grignard reagents, organozinc and organolithium reagents tocarbonyl and unsaturated carbonyl compounds. Wittig reaction.Mechanism of condensation reactions involving enolates - Aldol, Knoevenagel, Claisen, Mannich,Benzoin, Perkin and Stobbe reactions.Hydrolysis of esters and amides, ammonolysis of esters.Unit-IV. Pericyclic ReactionsMolecular orbital symmetry, Frontier orbitals of ethylene, 1,3-butadiene, 1,3,5-hexatriene and allylsystem. Classificaiton of pericyclic reactions. Woodward -Hoffmann correlation diagrams. FMO andPMO approach. Electrocyclic reactions- conrotatory and disrotatory motions, 4n, 4n+2 and allylsystems. Cycloadditions - antarafacial and suprafacial additions, 4n and 4n+2 systems, 2 + 2addition of ketenes, 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions and cheleotropic reactions.Sigmatropic rearrangements - suprafacial and antarafacial shifts of H, sigmatropic shifts involvingcarbon moieties, 3,3- and 5,5 - sigmatropic rearrangements. Claisen, Cope and aza-Coperearrangements. Fluxional tautomerism. Ene reaction.Books Suggested:1. Advanced Organic Chemistry-Reactions, Mechanism and Structure, Jerry March, John Wiley.2. Advanced Organic Chemistry, F.A. Carey and R.J. Sundberg, Plenum.3. Organic Chemistry, R.T. Morrison and R.N. Boyd, Prentice-Hall.4. Modern Organic Reactions, H.O. House, Benjamin.5. Principles of Organic Synthesis, R.O.C. Norman and J.M. Coxon, Blackie Academic & Professional.6. Pericyclic Reactions, S.M. Mukherji, Macmillan, India.7. Reaction Mechanism in Organic Chemistry, S.M. Mukherji and S.P. Singh, Macmillan.8. Organic Chemistry J.Clayden, N Greavs, S. Warren, P.Wothers.


M. Sc. Second Semester (C.B.C.S.)Physical Chemistry-II (CHM 2004)

(W.E.F. 2015-2016) M.M.: 100 (30+70)4 Periods/weekCredits = 4;Unit-I. Non Equilibrium ThermodynamicsThermodynamic criteria for non-equilibrium states, entropy production and entropy flow,entropy balance equations for different irreversible processes (e.g., heat flow, chemicalreaction, etc.) transformations of the generalized fluxes and forces, non equilibriumstationary states, phenomenological equations, Onsager's reciprocity relations,electrokinetic phenomena, diffusion.Unit-II. Chemical DynamicsMethods of determining rate laws, collision theory of reaction rates, steric factor, activatedcomplex theory, Arrhenius equation and the activated complex theory; ionic reactions.Steady state kinetics, kinetic and thermodynamic control of reactions, treatment ofunimolecular reactions.Dynamic chain (hydrogen-bromine reaction, pyrolysis of acetaldehyde, decomposition ofethene), general features of fast reactions, study of fast reactions by flow method,relaxation method.Unit-III. Surface Chemistry

(A) AdsorptionSurface tension, capillary action, pressure difference across curved surface (Laplaceequation), vapour pressure of droplets (Kelvin equation), Gibbs adsorption isotherm,estimation of surface area (BET equation).(B) MacromoleculesPolymer-definition, types of polymers, mechanism of polymerization. Molecular mass,number and mass average molecular mass. Molecular mass determination (osmometry,viscometry.

Unit-IV. ElectrochemistryNonideal Systems: Excess functions for nonideal solutions. Activity, activity coefficient,Debye-Huckel Theory for activity coefficient of electrolyte solutions, Determination ofactivity and activity coefficients, ionic strength. Debye-Huckel-Bjerrum model.Overpotential, exchange current density, derivation of Butler-Volmer equation, Tafelplot.Books suggested:1. Chemical Kinetics, K.J. Laidler, McGraw-Hill.2. Kinetics and Mechanism of Chemical Transformations, J. Rajaraman and J. Kuriacose, McMillan.3. Modern Electrochemistry, Vol. I and Vol II, J.O.M. Bockris and A.K.N. Reddy, Plenum.4. The Colloidal Domain: Where Physics, Chemistry, Biology and Technology Meet, D.F. Evans and H.Wennerstrom, VCH, Weinheim (Germany), 1994.5. Introduction to polymer Science, V.R. Gowarikar, N.V. Vishwanathan and J. Sridhar, WileyEastern.


M. Sc. Second Semester (C.B.C.S.)Group Theory and Spectroscopy (CHM 2005)

(W.E.F. 2015-2016) M.M.: 100 (30+70)2 Periods/weekCredits = 2;Unit-I. Concept of Group theory in ChemistrySymmetry elements and symmetry operation, definitions of group, subgroup, relationbetween orders of a finite group and its subgroup. Conjugacy relation and classes. Pointsymmetry group. Schonflies symbols, representations of groups: Cn, Cnv, Cnh, Dnh etc.Unit-II. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance SpectroscopyNuclear spin, nuclear resonance, saturation, shielding and deshielding of magnetic nuclei,chemical shifts and its measurements, factors influencing chemical shift, spin-spininteractions, coupling constant 'J' and spin decoupling; NMR spectroscopy of nuclei otherthan proton (-13C, 19F and 31P) with examples.Unit-III . Electron Spin Resonance SpectroscopyBasic principles, zero field splitting, factors affecting 'g' value. Isotropic and anisotropichyperfine coupling constants, spin Hamiltonian, measurement techniques, applications ofESR specrtoscopy.Unit-IV. Nuclear Qudrupole Resonance (NQR) spectroscopyIntroduction, Quadrupole moment and field gradient, Quadrupole relaxation energies ofquadrupole states, effect of magnetic field on the NQR spectra, applications and structuralinformations from NQR spectra.Books Suggested1. Modern Spectroscopy, J.M. Hollas, John Wiley.2. NMR, NQR, EPR and Mossbauer Spectroscopy in Inorganic Chemistry, R.V. Parish, EllisHarwood.3. Vibrational Spectroscopy- Modern Treheb, Barnes, A.J., and W.J. Orville-Thomas, Elsevier,1977.4. Physical Methods in Chemistry, R.S. Drago, Saunders College.5. Chemical Applications of Group Theory, F.A. Cotton.6. Introduction to Magnetic Resonance, A. Carrington and A.D. Maclachalan, Harper & Row.7. Fundamentals of Molecular Spectroscopy. C.N. Banwell, Tata McGrew Hill.


M.Sc. Chemistry, II – Semester (C.B.C.S.)Current Trends in Chemical Analysis – CHM 2011

(DC–II, Analytical Chemistry)(w.e.f. 2015-2016) M.M.: 100 (30+70)2 Periods/weekCredits = 2;

Unit-I BiosensorsIntroduction, Producing the biological surface – theoretical consideration in designingan immobilization, Methods of immobilization, Achievement of bio-transduction: Optical– interpretation of signal, extrinsic labelled assays, intrinsic labelled assays, ProblemsUnit-II Optical Rotatory Dispersion and Circular Dichroism SpectroscopyTheory, Optically active molecules, optical rotatory dispersion, circular Dichroism,Cotton effect, Octane rule, Faraday and Kerr effects, Instrument for circular Dichroismmeasurement, Application of circular Dichroism spectroscopy.Unit-III Atomic Force MicroscopyPrinciple, Tapping mode, Operation modes – constant force mode and constant heightmode, Force-distance curve, Analytical applications.Unit-IV Photoacoustic SpectroscopyPrinciple, Instrumentation, Applications, ProblemsRecommended Books and Monographs1. Instrumental Methods of Chemical Analysis, 5th Ed., G.W. McGraw Hill Education (India), NewDelhi, 2013.2. Instrumental Methods of Chemical Analysis, G.R. Chatwal & S.K. Anand, Himalaya PublishingHouse, Bombay, 2014.3. Instrumental Approach to Chemical Analysis, A.K. Srivastava & P.C. Jain, S. Chand &Company, New Delhi, 2013.4. Analytical Chemistry, Kellner et.al., WILEY-VCH, Germany, 2004.


M.Sc. Chemistry, II – Semester (C.B.C.S.)Inorganic Polymers (CHM 2012)

(DC-II, Inorganic Chemistry)(w.e.f. 2015-2016) M.M.: 100 (30+70)2 Periods/weekCredits = 2;

Unit-I Introduction, Properties and classification of Inorganic Polymers. Phosphorous,Sulphur, Boren and Silicon based polymers. Polyphosphaszenes, polycarboanes,polyboron, nitride and silicones. Natural, Chain, 2D and 3D coordinationpolymers.Unit-II Isopoly and heteropoly acids and anions. Polymerization of chromate, andvanadates, Keggin structure. Reactions of iso and heteropoly anions.Unit-III Basic, nanotechnology science and chemistry concepts, basic Inorganicnanostructures, nano composites, thin films, nano foam.Unit-IV Advanced Inorganic Materials: Nanotechnology and its industrial applications,Introduction to nano scale, Potential applications of Inorganic nano materials.Books:1.Fundamentals of Inorganic Chemistry by Puri-Sharma and Kalia2.Inorganic Chemistry by A-K.De3. Inorganic Chemistry by Cotton & Wilkinsen


M. Sc. Second Semester (C.B.C.S.)Organic Chemistry (DC-2)

Bioorganic Chemistry (CHM-2019)(w.e.f. 2016-2017 ) M.M.: 100 (30+70)2 Periods/weekCredits = 2;

Unit - I Basic considerations, proximity effect and molecular adaptation, orientation and stericeffect, strain or distortion.Unit -II Catalysis, Types of catalysis (with example of enzymes): acid-base catalysis, electrostaticcatalysis, metal ion catalysis, covalent catalysis (electrophilic and nucleophilic catalysis).Unit - III Cofactor as derived from vitamins, coenzymes, prosthetic groups, apoenzymes. Enzymecatalysed reactions of coenzyme A, thiamine pyrophosphate, pyridoxal phosphate, NAD+,NADP, FMN, FAD, lipoic acid, vitamin B12.Unit - IV Nucleophilic displacement on a phosphorus atom, multiple displacement reactions and thecoupling of ATP cleavage to endergonic processes. Enzyme catalysed carboxylation anddecarboxylation.Books Suggested1. Bioorganic Chemistry: Chemical approach to enzyme action, Hermann Dugas and C. Penny, Springer-Velag, 1981.2. Enzyme structure and Mechanism, A. Fersht, W. H. Freeman, 1995.


M. Sc. Chemistry, II-Semester (C.B.C.S.)Advanced Quantum Chemistry (CHM 2014)

(DC-2, Physical Chemistry)(w.e.f. 2015-2016 ) M.M.: 100 (30+70)2 Periods/weekCredits = 2;Unit – I i. Matrices: Determinant of a matrix, Diagonal Matrix, Unit Matrix,Symmetric Matrix.ii. Algebra of Matrices: Addition, Multiplication, Scalar and matrix,Transpose of Matrix, Inverse of Matrix, Diagonal Matrix, UnitaryMatrix, Singular & Non Singular Matrix, Matrix representation ofoperator.Unit – II Molecular symmetry: Symmetry elements & Operations, products ofSymmetry Operations, Symmetry and optical activity, Symmetryoperations & quantum mechanics, Matrices & symmetry operations.Unit – III Symmetry Point Group: Groups with no Cn axis, Groups with single C2axis, Groups with one Cn axis and nC2 axis, Groups with more than oneCn axis, multiplication table, reducible & irreducible representation.Unit – IV Electronic Structure of Diatomic Molecules: the Born-Oppenheimerapproximation, Nuclear motion in diatomic molecules, ApproximateTreatments of H2+ ground electronic state, molecular orbital from H2+excited states.

Books:1. Quantum Chemistry, By R.K. Prasad, new age International.2. Quantum Chemistry, By I.R.N. Levine, Privatice, Hall of India Ltd.


M. Sc. Third Semester (C.B.C.S.)(Common to All)

Bioinorganic and Biophysical Chemistry (CHM 3001)(w.e.f. 2016-2017) M.M.: 100 (30+70)4 Periods/weekCredits = 4;

Unit-I Essential and trace metal ions in biological system. Deficiency/excess of Mn, Co, and Znmetal ions. Structure of chlorophyll , Photosynthesis, Photo system I and Photo system II.Unit-II Metalloenzymes; cytochromes and iron-sulphur proteins, nitrogen fixation, Zinc enzymes;carboxypeptidase, carbonic anhydrase. Iron enzymes-catalase and peroxidase. Copperenzyme –superoxide dismutase. Cobalt enzyme; cyanocobalamin.Unit-III Biopolymer interactions and Thermodynamics of Macromolecular solutions:Non-covalent interaction, Electrostatic : dipole-dipole interaction, Dispersion forceinteraction, Hydrophobic interaction. Multiple Equilibria and various types of bindingprocesses in biological systems.Thermodynamics of biopolymer solutions, Flory-Huggins model of macromolecularsolvation, Osmotic pressure and Donnan membrane equilibrium.Unit-IV Statistical Mechanics and Biomolecular simulations:Chain configuration of macromolecule, Random walk model and statistical distributionof end to end dimension. Calculation of average dimension of various chain structures.Conformational transitions: Helix-coil transition, Protein folding problem.Molecular mechanics and dynamics: Basic principles – molecular representations –force fields – atom-atom pair potentials – bond length and bond angle and torsion anglepotential – van der Waals and electrostatic potential concepts of molecular dynamics –introduction to time-step integration algorithms and force fields.Books Sugested:1. Principles of Bioinorganic Chemistry, S.J. Lippard and J.M. Berg, University Science Books.2. Bioinorganic Chemistry, I. Bertini, H.B. Gray, S.J. Lippard and J.S. Valentine, University ScienceBooks.3. Inorganic Biochemistry, vols I and II. ed., G.L. Eichhorn, Elsevier.4. Progress in Inorganic Chemistry, Vols. 18 and 38 ed. J.J. Lippard, Eiley.5. Biophysical Chemistry Part I, II, III – Charles R Cantor, Paul R. Schimmel, W. H. Freeman of Company.6. Biophysical Chemistry – P.S. Kalsi and N. Mahanta New Age International Publishers.7. Textbook of Biophysical Chemistry- U N Dash Macmillan India.



Applications of Spectroscopy to Inorganic System (CHM 3002)(w.e.f. 2016-2017) M.M.: 100 (30+70)4 Periods/weekCredits = 4;

Unit-I. Vibrational SpectroscopySymmetry and shapes of AB2, AB3, AB4, AB5 and AB6, mode of bonding of ambidentateligands, ethylenediamine and diketonato complexes, application of resonance Ramanspectroscopy particulary for the study of active sites of metalloproteins.Unit-II. Electron Spin Resonance SpectroscopyHyperfine coupling, spin polarization for atoms and transition metal ions, spin-orbitcoupling and significance of g-tensors, application to transition metal complexes (having oneunpaired electron) including biological systems and to inorganic free radicals.Unit-III. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance of Paramagnetic Substances in SolutionThe contact and pseudo contact shifts, factors affecting nuclear relaxation, some applicationsincluding biochemical systems, an overview of NMR of metal nuclides with emphasis on195Pt and 119Sn NMR.Unit-IV Mossbauer SpectroscopyBasic principles, spectral parameters and spectrum display. Application of the technique tothe studies of (1) bonding and structures of Fe2+ and Fe3+ compounds including those ofintermediate spin, (2) Sn+2 and Sn+4 compounds-nature of M-L bond, coordination number,structure, and (3) detection of oxidation state and inequivalent MB atoms.Books Suggested:1. Physical Methods for Chemistry, R.S. Drago, Saunders Company.2. Structural Methods in Inorganic Chemistry, E.A.V. Ebsworth, D.W.H. Rankin and S. Cradock,ELBS.3. Infrared and Raman Spectra: Inorganic and Coordination Compounds, K. Nakamoto, Wiley.4. Progress in Inorganic Chemistry vol., B, ed., F.A. Cotton, vol., 15 ed. S.J. Lippard. Wiley.5. Transition Metal Chemistry ed, R.L. Carlin vol. 3, Dekker6. Inorganic Electronic Spectroscopy, A.B.P. Lever, Elsevier.7. NMR, NQR, EPR and Mossbauer Spectroscopy in Inorganic Chemistry, R.V. Parish, EllisHorwood.

..



Organic Photochemistry (CHM 3003)(w.e.f. 2016-2017) M.M.: 100 (30+70)4 Periods/weekCredits = 4;Unit-I Fundamental Principles of PhotochemistryAbsorption of light by molecules: direct and indirect excitation, electronicallyexcited states, types of excitation, and laws of photochemistry. Properties of excitedstates: decay of electronically excited states, spin allowed and spin forbiddentransitions. Photophysical processes: radiative (fluorescence, phosphorescence), non-radiative (state-to-state crossing, vibrational relaxation), combination of radiativeand non-radiative processes, Jablonski diagram. Transfer of excitation energy-photosensitization and quenching. Excited-state complex formation: excimer andexciplex. Photoinduced electron transfer: homogeneous and heterogeneousphotoelectron transfer reactions.Unit-II A. Photochemistry of AlkenesIntramolecular reactions of the olefinic bond: geometrical isomerism, cyclisationreactions, rearrangement of 1, 4-and 1, 5-dienes.B. Photochemistry of Carbonyl CompoundsIntramolecular reactions of carbonyl compounds: saturated, cyclic and acyclic, β, λ-Unsaturated and α, β- unsaturated compounds, and Cyclohexadienone.Intramolecular cycloaddition reactions-dimerisations and oxetane formation.Unit-III Photochemistry of Aromatic CompoundsPhotoinduced isomerisations of benzene and its alkyl derivatives.1, 2; 1, 3 and 1, 4-photocycloaddition reactions of benzene. Nucleophilicphotosubstitution reactions in aromatic compounds.Unit-IV Miscellaneous Photochemical ReactionsPhoto-Fries rearrangement. Barton reaction. Hoffmann-Loeffler-Freytag reaction.Singlet molecular oxygen reactions. Photo-Bergman cyclisation. PhotochemicalNazarov cyclisation. Photo-Favorskii rearrangement. Bicycle rearrangement.Photochemical Wolff rearrangement.

Books Suggested:1. Fundamental of Photochemistry, K.K.Rohtagi- Mukherji, Wily- Eastern.2. Essentials of Molecular Photochemistry, A.Gilbert and J.Baggott, Blackwell Scientific Publication.3. Molecular Photochemistry, N.J. Turro, W.A. Benjamin.4. Introductory Photochemistry, A. Cox and T. CAMP, Mc Graw-Hill,5. Photochemistry, R.P. Kundall and A. Gilbert, Thomson Nelson.6. Organic Photochemistry, J. Coxon and b. Halton, Cambridge University Press.


M. Sc. Third Semester (C.B.C.S.)Analytical Chemistry

Instrumental Methods of Analysis (CHM 3011)(w.e.f. 2016-2017) M.M.: 100 (30+70)4 Periods/weekCredits = 4;

Unit-I Atomic X-ray SpectrometryIntroduction, Generation of X-rays, X-ray spectra, X-Ray absorption: Fundamentalprinciple, X-ray absorption edge method, instrumentation, applications, limitations. X-Rayfluorescence: Principle, electron source and optics, sample and sample holders,Transducers; Wavelength dispersive, energy dispersive and non-dispersive X-rayinstrument, Qualitative and quantitative analysis.Unit-II Radiochemical Methods:Nuclear reactions and radiations, interaction of nuclear radiation with matter,radioactive decay, Detection of radiation: Gas Ionization detectors- ionization chamber,proportional counter, Geiger- Miller counter, scintillation counter, semiconductordetectors, pulse height analyzer, counting statistics, background corrections, coincidencecorrection, Neutron activation method- Neutron sources, interaction of neutrons withmatter, theory of activation methods, experimental considerations, applications, Isotopesdilution method: Principle and applications.Unit-III Solid-Phase Extraction (SPE)Importance of sample preparation; Objectives; Principle-partitioning, completeness ofextraction, sample breakthrough; Basic steps-conditioning, retention, washing andelution; Apparatus-cartridges, pipet tips, disks, membranes, fibers, performancecharacteristics; Sorbents and its desirable features; Solvents and its properties ofimportance; Introduction to Solid-phase microextraction.Unit-IV Super Critical Fluid Chromatography and ExtractionSuper critical fluids and its properties, Principle, Instrumentation, Stationary and Mobilephases, Detectors, Operating variables, Comparisons with other types of chromatography,Applications; Super critical fluid extraction, choice of super critical fluids, Advantages,Applications.

Books Recommended:1. Instrumental Methods of Chemical Analysis, 5th Ed, Ewing, McGraw-Hill, 1985.2. Instrumental Analysis, 2nd Ed., Bauer, Christian, O'Reilly, Allyn and Bacon, 1978.3. Principles of Instrumental Analysis, 5th Ed- Indian Reprint, Skoog, Holler, Nieman, Harcourt Asia, 2001.4. Principles of Instrumental Analysis, 6th Ed- ISE, Holler, Skoog, Crouch, Thomson Brookd/Cole, 2007.5. Vogel's Text Book of Quantitative Chemical Analysis, 6th Ed, Pearson Education Ltd, 2000.6. Analytical Chemistry, 6th Ed., G.D. Christian, John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pte. Ltd, New Delhi, 2004.7. Exploring Chemical Analysis, 4th Ed, Daniel C. Harris, W. H. Freeman, 2008, ISBN: 9781429201476.8. Analytical Solid-Phase Extraction, James S. Fritz, Wiley-VCH, 1999.9. Solid-Phase Extraction: Principles, Techniques, and Applications, Nigel J.K. Simpson, CRC Press, 2000.10. Solid-Phase Extraction: Principles and Practice, E. M. Thurman and M. S. Mills, Wiley, 1998.11. Instrumental Methods of Analysis, 7th Ed., Willard, Merritt, Dean and Settle, CBS Publishers, 1986.12. Analytical Chemistry: A Modern Approach to Analytical Science, 2nd Ed, Jean-michel, Wiley, 2004.


M. Sc. Third Semester (C.B.C.S.)Analytical Chemistry

Advanced Methods of Chemical Analysis (CHM 3012)(w.e.f. 2016-2017) M.M.: 100 (30+70)4 Periods/weekCredits = 4;

Unit-I. Acid - Base Equilibria in Non-Aqueous Media:Acidic and Basic properties of solvents, the autoprotolysis constant, acid base equilibria inacetic acid, behavior of acid-base indicators, the Hammett acidity function, Ho.Metal Complex equilibriaGeneral metal complex equilibria, cases where the equilibrium concentration of ligand isknown, cases where the equilibrium concentration of ligand is not known, effect of pH onmetal complex equilibria, quantitative treatment of extraction equilibria, chelate extractionsystem and ion-association extraction systems.

Unit II. Redox Equilibria and TitrationElectrode potentials, Electrochemical cell, Nernst equation, Effects of concentrations onpotentials, Equilibrium constant of redox reactions, Oxidation–reduction titration,Calculation of potential before titration, with the addition of titrant and at equilibrium,Titration curves, End point detection, redox indicator, Redox titration using potentiometry,Applications, Limitations of electrode potentials.Unit III. Capillary Electrophoresis:Theory of capillary electrophoresis, instrumentation- capillary tubes, sample injections,detectors, capillary electrophoresis methods- capillary zone electrophoresis, capillary gelelectrophoresis, capillary isotachophoresis, capillary isoelectric focusing, problems.Unit-IV. Thermal and Calorimetric Methods of Analysis :Thermogravimetric analysis, apparatus, methodology, application; differential thermalanalysis, apparatus, methodology; derivative thermogravimetry, instrumentation,methodology. Comparative study of TGA and DTA. Interpretation of TGA and DTA curves ofimportant compounds e.g., calcium oxalate monohydrate, magnesium oxalate monohydrate.Analysis of silver-copper alloy and dolomite sample by TGA. Thermometric titrimetry andapplications to acid-base and complexometric titrations.Books recommended:1. Analysis and Detection by Capillary Electrophoresis, Marina , Rios Valcarcel, eds,Vol. 45 ofComprehensive Analytical Chemistry, D. Barceloed. Elsevier, 2005.2. Instrumental Methods of Analysis, 7th Ed., Willard, Merritt, Dean and Settle, CBS Publishers, New Delhi .3. Instrumental methods of Chemical Analysis, 5th edn., G.W. Ewig, McGraw Hill Book Co., 1985.4. Instrumental Methods of Analysis by G.D. Christian and C.N. Reilly.5. Principle of Instrumentatal Methods of Analysis; D.A. Skoog,. D.M. West and F.J. Holler, Sounders CollegePublishing New York, 2001.6. Ionic Equilibria in Analytical Chemistry; Freiser and Fernando.7. Chemical Analysis, 2nd Ed., H.A. Laitinen and W.E. Harris, McGraw Hill Kogakusha, Ltd., 1975.


M. Sc. Third Semester (C.B.C.S.)Inorganic Chemistry

Organotransition Metal Chemistry (CHM 3021)(w.e.f. 2016-2017) M.M.: 100 (30+70)4 Periods/weekCredits = 4;

Unit-I. Compounds of Transition Metal-Carbon Multiple BondsAlkylidenes, alkylidynes, low valent carbenes and carbynes-synthesis, nature of bond,structural characteristics, nucleophilic and electrophilic reactions on the ligands, role inorganic synthesis.Transition Metal -complexs with unsaturated organic molecules, alkenes, alkynes, allyl,diene, dienyl, arene and trienyl complexes, preparations, properties, nature of bonding andstructural features.Unit-II. Transition Metal HydridesTransition metal compounds with bonds to hydrogen. (Fe and Co)General consideration, preparations, properties, bonding and structure.Unit-III. Homogeneous CatalysisStoichiometric reactions for catalysis, homogeneous catalytic hydrogenation, Zeigler-Nattapolymerization of olefines, catalytic reactions involving carbon monooxide such ashydrocarbonylation of olefins (oxo reaction).Unit-IV. (a) Fluxional Organometallic CompoundsFluxional and dynamic equilibria in compounds such as 2- olefin, 3- allyl and enylcomplexes.Books Suggested:1. Principles and Application of Organotransition Metal Chemistry, J.P. Collman, L.S. Hegsdus, J.R.Norton and R.G. Finke, University Science Books.2. The Organometallic Chemistry of the Transition Metals, R.H. Crabtree, John Wiley.3. Metallo-organic Chemistry, A.J. Pearson, Wiley.4. Organometallic Chemistry, R.C. Mehrotra and A. Singh, New Age International.


M. Sc. Third Semester (C.B.C.S.)Inorganic Chemistry

Supramolecular Chemistry and its application (CHM 3022)(w.e.f. 2016-2017) M.M.: 100 (30+70)4 Periods/weekCredits = 4;

Unit-I Concepts and language of Supramolecular chemistry.Molecular recognition, Non-covalent interactions, self assembly, Molecular receptors fordifferent types of molecules, cationic and anionic substrates. Transport processes andcarrier design. Synthetic strategy for design of supramolecular assemblies.Unit-II. Supramolecular reactivity and catalysis.Applications of Supramolecular CompoundsSupramolecular devices viz., electronic, ionic and switching devices. Light conversiondevices etcUnit-III. Crystal as a supramolecular entity, crystal engineering, crystal design strategies, synthonsin crystal engineering.Unit-IV. DNA as a supramolecular motif .Intermolecular forces. Complimentary H-bonding innucleic acids. Stacking interactions. Drug design and supramolecules.Books Suggested:1. Supramolecular Chemistry - Fundamentals and Applications, Advanced Textbook

Ariga, Katsuhiko, Kunitake, Toyoki. Springer.2. Supramolecular Chemistry: Concepts and perspectives, J.M. Lehn, VCH.3. Bioinorganic Chemistry, Bertini,Gray, Lippard and Valentine


M. Sc. Third Semester (C.B.C.S.)Organic Chemistry

Organic Synthesis-I (CHM 3031)(w.e.f. 2016-2017) M.M.: 100 (30+70)4 Periods/weekCredits = 4;Unit-I Organometallic Reagents-I. Principle, preparations, properties andapplications in organic synthesis with mechanistic details of organometalliccompounds of:Li, Mg, Hg, Cd, ZnUnit-II (a) Organometallic Reagents- II. Principle, preparations, properties andapplications in organic synthesis with mechanistic details of organometalliccompounds of: -Cu, Pd, Ni and Rh.(b) Preparations and properties of organosilicon and trialkylboranes.Unit-III (a) Oxidation: Introduction. Different oxidative processes. Oxidation of alkenes,aromatic rings, Saturated C-H groups (activated and inactivated). Alcohols, diols,aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acids.(b) Reduction: Introduction. Reduction of alkenes, alkynes, aromatic rings,aldehydes, ketones, and carboxylic acids.Unit-IV Rearrangements:General Mechanistic considerations: nature of migration, migratory aptitude, andmemory effects. A detailed study of the following rearrangements: -Pinacol-pinacolone, Wagner-Meerwein, Demjanov, Benzil-Benzilic acid,Favorskii, Arndt- Eistert synthesis, Neber, Beckmann, Hofman, Curtius, Schmidt,Baeyer-Villiger.

Books Suggested:1. Modern Synthetic Reactions, H.O. House, W.A. Benjamin.2. Some Modern Methods of Organic Synthesis, W.Carruthers, Cambridge Univ. Press.3. Advanced Organic Chemistry, Reactions Mechanisms and Structure, J. March, JohnWilley.4. Principles of Organic Synthesis, R.O.C. Norman and J.M. Coxon, Blackie Academic &Professional.5. Advanced Organic Chemistry Part B, F.A. Carey and R.J. Sundberg, Plenum Press.6. Rodds Chemistry of Carbon Compounds, S. Coffey,(2nd Edition) Elsevier.7. Organic Synthesis: Special Techniques, V.K. Ahluwalia & Rennu Aggarwal, NarosaPublishing House. M.SC. SE


M. Sc. Third Semester (C.B.C.S.)Organic Chemistry

Heterocyclic Chemistry (CHM 3032)(w.e.f. 2016-2017) M.M.: 100 (30+70)4 Periods/weekCredits = 4;

Unit-I (a) Nomenclature of Heterocycles.Replacement and systematic nomenclature (Hantzsch-Widman system) of monocyclic,fused and bridged heterocycles.(b) Aromatic HeterocyclesGeneral chemical behaviour of aromatic heterocycles, classification (structural type),criteria of aromaticity ( bond lengths, ring current and chemical shifts in 1H NMR-spectra, emperical resonance energy, delocalization energy and Dewar resonanceenergy).Heteroaromatic reactivity and tautomerism in aromatic heterocycles.(c) Non-aromatic HeterocyclesBond angle and torsional strains and their consequences in small ring heterocycles.Conformation of six-membered heterocycles with reference to molecular geometry,barrier to ring inversion, pyramidal inversion and 1,3-diaxial interaction.

Unit-II Small Ring Heterocycles.(a) Three-membered Heterocycles: Synthesis and reactions of aziridines, oxiranes,thiiranes.(b) Four-membered heterocycles: Synthesis and reactions of azetidines, oxetanes andthietanes.

Unit-III (a) Six-Membered Heterocycles with one HeteroatomSynthesis and reactions of pyrylium salts and pyrones, and their comparison with pyridiniumsalts & pyridones.Synthesis and reactions of benzopyrylium salts, coumarins and chromones.(b) Six-Membered Heterocycles with Two or More Heteroatoms.Synthesis and reactions of diazines, triazines, tetrazines.

Unit (IV) (a) Seven- and Large-Membered Heterocycles.Synthesis and reactions of azepines, oxepines and azocines.(b) Heterocyclic Systems Containing P, As and Sb.Heterocyclic rings containing phosporus; introduction, nomenclature, synthesis andcharacteristics of 5- and 6-memebered ring systems- phospholes and phophorines.Heterocyclic rings containing As and Sb: introduction, synthesis, reactivity and characteristicsof 5- and 6- memebered ring systems-arsoles, stiboles, arsenines and antimonenes..

Books Suggested:1. Heterocyclic Chemistry Vol. 1-3, R.R. Gupta, M. Kumar and V. Gupta, Springer Verlag.2. The Chemistry of Heterocycles, T. Eicher and S. Hauptmann, Thieme.3. Heterocyclic Chemistry, J.A. Joule, K. Mills and G.F. Smith, Chapman and Hall.4. Heterocyclic Chemistry, T.L. Gilchrist, Longman Scientific Technical5. Contemprary Heterocyclic Chemistry, G.R. Newkome and W.W. Paudler, Wiley-Inter Science.6. An Introduction to the Heterocyclic Compounds, R.M. Acheson. John Wiley.7. Comprehensive Heterocyclic Chemistry, A.R. Katrizky and C.W. Rees, eds. Pergamon Press.


M. Sc. Third Semester (C.B.C.S.)Physical Chemistry

Chemical Dynamics and surfactant (CHM 3041)(w.e.f. 2016-2017) M.M.: 100 (30+70)4 Periods/weekCredits = 4;

Unit-I. Heterogeneous ReactionsGas-solid adsorption, adsorption with dissociaiton, competitive adsorpton, non-idealadsorption, statistical mechanics of adsorption, rates of adsorption and desorption, kinetics ofunimolecular and bimolecular reactions at gas-solid interfaces, exchange reaction; applicationof transition - state theory to uni- and bimolecular surface reactions including chemisorptionand desorption.

Unit-II. Kinetics of PolymerizationReactions of functional groups, kinetics of step polymerization, kinetics of reversiblereactions, open and closed systems, molecular weight control, stoichiometric and quantitativeaspects; molecular weight distribution in linear and non-linear polymerization.

Unit-III. Surfactants and their solution propertiesNormal, reverse and mixed micelles, micellization in non-aqueous media, effect of solvent,micellar solubilization, Micellar growth- various micellar morphologies, surfactant packingparameter, factors affecting micellar growth (nature and concentrtion of surfactant,temperature, additives, etc.), implication of micellar growth.

Unit-IV. (A)MicroemulsionPhase behaviour, percolation, Winsor nomenclature for microemulsion systems, phaseinversion temperature (PIT), applications to diverse fields.

(B)Methods for studying micellar/microemulsion systemsConductivity, surface tension, viscosity, light scattering and small-angle neutron scattering.

Books Suggested:

1. Chemical Kinetics (Harper International Edition, 1987), Keith J. Laidler.2. Kinetics and Mechanism (John Wiley), A.A. Frost and R.G. Pearson.3. Principles of Polymerization (John Wiley, 1981), George Odian.4. Surfactants and Interfacial Phenomenon, M. J. Rosen, Wiley, New York, 1978.5. Catalysis in Micellar and Macromolecular Systems, J. H. Fendler and E. J. Fendler, Academic Press,

New York, 1975.6. Cationic Surfactants, E. Jungermann, Marcel Dekker, New York, 1970.7. Microemulsion Systems, H.L. Rosano and M. Clausse, Marcel Dekker, New York, 1987.8. Intermolecular and Surface Forces, J.N. Israelachvili, Academic Press, New York, 1991 (2nd edn.).9. Surfactant Solutions: New Methods of Investigation, R. Zana, Marcel Dekker, New York, 1987.


M. Sc. Third Semester (C.B.C.S.)Physical Chemistry

Solid State Chemistry (CHM 3042)(w.e.f. 2016-2017) M.M.: 100 (30+70)4 Periods/weekCredits = 4;

Unit-I Solid state reactions: experimental procedures, factors influencing solid statereactions. Characterization of solids: Physical techniques diffraction methods;X-rays diffraction, electron diffraction and neutron diffraction; microscopictechniques; SEM and TEM.

Unit-II Crystals defects and non stoichiometry: perfect and imperfect crystals,thermodynamics of Schottky and Frenkel defects, colour centres. extendeddefects; stacking faults, grain boundaries and dislocations.

Unit-III Solid solutions: substitutional and interstitial solid solutions, requirement forsolid solution formation, experimental methods for studying solid solutions,Phase transitions, Buerger’s and thermodynamic classifications of phasetransitions.

Unit-IV Conductivity in solids: structure and conduction mechanism in ionicconductors and superionic conductors, band theory of metals, band structureof semiconductors, n-type and p-type semiconductivity.

Books Recommended:

1. Solid State Chemistry and its Applications: A.R. West John Wiley & Sons.

2. Solids: Azaroff.

3. Solid State Electrochemistry Edited by P.J. Gellings. H.J.M. Bouwmeester.


M. Sc. Fourth Semester (C.B.C.S.)(Common to All)

Analytical Techniques (CHM 4001)(w.e.f. 2016-2017 ) M.M.: 100 (30+70)4 Periods/weekCredits = 4;Unit-I Electron SpectroscopyDefinition of a solid surface, Types of surface measurements; X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS/ESCA): Introduction, principle, chemical shifts as a function of oxidation states,instrumentation, applications; Auger electron spectroscopy: principle, instrumentation- radiationsource, energy analyzer, detector, auxiliary system; applications- quantitative analysis.Unit-II Electron MicroscopyScanning electron microscopy (SEM): basics, instrumentation, applications. Transmission electronmicroscopy (TEM): Introduction, Basic theory, Eelectron gun, Electromagnetic lenses, Imaging,Operating parameters- magnification, resolution, depth of field; Sample preparation, Specimenorientation and manipulation; Applications; Selected Area Electron Diffraction.Unit-III Particle Size DeterminationIntroduction to Particle Size Analysis, Selection criteria for choosing appropriate analyticaltechniques,; Low Angle Laser Light Scattering (LALLS): Instrumentation, Theoretical models,Particle size distribution analysis, Applications; Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS): Principles,Instrumentation - sample cell & its handling, photodetector, Photosedimentation: Setting velocity &particle size, The Stokes equations, Instrumentation, Applications.Unit-IV Automated Methods of AnalysisPrinciples of automation, Advantages and disadvantages of automatic analysis, Unit operations inchemical analysis, Process control, Types of automatic analytical systems; Flow Injection Analysis(FIA)- principles, instrumentation- sample and reagent transport system, sample injectors anddetectors; Sequential injection analysis; Applications.

Books recommended:1. Instrumental Analysis, 2nd Ed., Bauer, Christian, O'Reilly, Allyn and Bacon, 1978.2. Instrumental Methods of Analysis, 7th Ed., Willard, Merritt, Dean and Settle, CBS Publishers, 1986.3. Principles of Instrumental Analysis, 5th Ed- Indian Reprint, Skoog, Holler, Nieman, Harcourt Asia, 2001.4. Instrumental Analysis, 1/e, Skoog, Holler, Crouch, Brooks Cole- Cenage Learning, 2003.5. Transmission Electron Microscopy, Williams and Carter, Plenum Press, New York and London, 1996.6. Nature and Science, 4(3), 2006, Ma, et al, Transmission & Scanning Electron Microscopy.7. Principles of Instrumental Analysis, 6th Ed- ISE, Holler, Skoog, Crouch, Thomson Brookd/Cole, 2007.8. Analytical Chemistry, 6th Ed., G.D. Christian, John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pte. Ltd, New Delhi, 2004.9. Modern Analytical Chemistry, David Harvey, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000.10. Analytical Chemistry: A Modern Approach to Analytical Science, 2nd Ed, Jean-michel, Wiley, 2004.


M. Sc. Fourth Semester (C.B.C.S.)Structural Elucidation of Organic Systems by Spectroscopic Methods

(CHM 4002)(w.e.f. 2016-2017) M.M.: 100 (30+70)4 Periods/weekCredits = 4;

Unit I A Ultraviolet and Visible SpectroscopyVarious electronic transitions (185-800 nm), Beer-Lambert law, effect of solvent on electronictransitions, ultraviolet bands for carbonyl compounds, unsaturated carbonyl compounds, dienes,cojugated polyenes. Fieser-Woodward rules for conjugated dienes and carbonyl compounds,ultraviolet spectra of aromatic and hetercyclic compounds. Steric effect in biphenyls.B Infrared SpectroscopyInstrumentation and sample handling. Characteristic vibrational frequencies of alkanes, alkenes,alkynes, aromatic compounds, alcohols, ethers, phenols and amies. Detailed study of vibrationalfrequencies of carbonyl compounds (ketones, aldehydes, esters, amides, acid anhydrides,lactones, lactams and conjugated carbonyl compounds). Effect of hydrogen bonding and solventeffect on vibrational frequencies, overtones, combination bands and Fermi resonance. FT IR. IRof gaseous, solids and polymeric materials.

Unit II Nuclear Magnetic Resonance SpectroscopyGeneral introduction and definition, chemical shift, spin-spin interaction, shielding mechanism,chemical shift values and correlation for protons bonded to carbon (aliphatic, olefinic, aldehydicand aromatic) and other nuclei (alcohols, phenols, enols, carboxylic acids, amines, amides &mercapto), chemcial exchange, effect of deuteration, complex spin-spin interaction between two,three four and five nuclei (first order spectra), virtual coupling. Stereochemsitry, hinderedrotation, Karplus curve-variation of coupling constant with dihedral angle. Simplification ofcomplex spectranuclear magnetic double resonance, contact shift regents, solvent effects.Fourier transform technique, nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE). Resonance of other nuclei-F, P.Unit III A Carbon-13 NMR SpectroscopyGeneral considerations, chemical shift (aliphatic, olefinic, alkyne, aromatic, heteroaromatic andcarbonyl carbon), coupling constants.Two dimension NMR spectroscopy - COSY, NOESY, DEPT, INEPT, APT and INADEQUATEtechniques.

B Optical Rotatory Dispersion (ORD) and Circular Dichroism (CD)Definition, deduction of absolute configuration, octant rule for ketones.Unit IV Mass SpectrometryIntroduction, ion production - El, Cl, FD and FAB, factors affecting fragmentation, ion analysis, ionabundance. Mass spectral fragmentation of organic compounds, common functional groups,molecular ion peak, metastable peak, McLafferty rearrangement. Nitrogen rule High resolutionmass spectrometry. Examples of mass spectral fragmantation of organic compounds withrespect to their structure determination.Books Suggested:1. Practical NMR Spctroscopy, M.L. Martin, J.J. Delpeuch and G.J. Martin, Heyden.2. Spectrometric Identification of Organic Compounds, R.M. Silverstein, G.C. Bassler and T.C. Morrill, John Wiley.3. Introduction to NMR Spectroscopy, R.J. Abraham, J. Fisher and P. Loftus, Wiley.4. Application of Spectroscopy of Organic Compounds, J.R. Dyer, Prentice Hall.5. Spectroscopic Methods in Organic Chemistry, D.H. Williams, I. Fleming, Tata McGraw-Hill.


M. Sc. Fourth Semester (C.B.C.S.)Photo inorganic Chemistry and Reaction Mechanism of Coordination compounds


Unit-I. Basics of PhotochemistryAbsorption, excitation, photochemical laws, quantum yield, electronically excited states,Flash photolysis, Energy dissipation by radiative and non-radiative processes, absorptionspectra, Franck-Condon Principle, photochemical stages-primary and secondaryprocesses.Unit-II. Properties of Excited States and Excited States of Metal ComplexesElectronically Excited States of Metal Complexes, Chanrge Transfer Spectra, Photochemicalrate law, Kinetics of some important photochemical reactions, Energy Transfer inPhotochemical Reactions, Photosensitization and Quenching.Unit-III. Ligand Field PhotochemistryPhotosubstitution, Photooxidation and Photoreduction. Mechanism of Photosubstitutionand photoreduction reactions of Co(III) complexes and photosubstitution reaction ofCr(III) complexes, Examples, Adamson’s rule.Unit-IV. Binding Strength and Reaction Rates: Acids, Bases, Various Theories specific acidcatalysis specific Base Catalysis. General Acid Catalysis, Bronsted Equation. Generalinfluence of Solvents on reaction rates. Identification and isolation of intermediates,kinetic isotopic effects.Books Suggested;1. Inorganic Reaction Mechanism F. Basolo & R.G. Pearson2. Inorganic Reaction Mechanism J.O. Edwards.3. Photochemistry – Rohtagi Mukherjea.


M. Sc. Fourth Semester (C.B.C.S.)Theoretical aspects of bonding in Transition Metal Complexes


Unit-I. Atomic spectroscopyThe free ion. Free ion terms, terms wave functions, spin-orbit coupling.Free Ions in Weak Crystal FieldsThe effects of a cubic crystal field on S,P,D,F, G H and I terms. Thermodynamic aspects ofcrystal field: Crystal field stabilization energies (c.f.s.e.), Lattice energies and c.f.s.e. Heats ofligation and c.f.s.e., chemical stability and c.f.s.e.

Unit-II. Free ion in medium and strong crystal fieldsStrong field configurations, transitions from weak to strong crystal fields, term energy leveldiagramscorrelation diagram of d1, d9 and stereochemistry; d2 (Oh), d8(Td), d3(Oh), d4(Td),d6(Oh) and d5(Oh) and Td).Unit-III. Electronic spectra of Complex IonsSelection rules, spectra in solids, spectra of aquous solutions of M(H2O)m+, the spectra ofindividual ions e.g. d1 (Ti3+). d9(Cu2+), d8(Ni2+), d3 (Cr3+), d7(Co2+) d6(Fe2+) and d5(Mn2+, Fe3+).Spectra of spin free and spin paired [ML6]n+, spectra of distorted Octahedral Complexes. Thespectrochemical and naphelauixetic series, Charge Transfer Spectra.Unit-IV. Molecular orbital TheoryQualitatvie principles, MO as applied to linear molecules, tetrahedral and octahedralcomplexes. The MO of sigma bonded compounds, the effect of double-bonding. Quantitativecalculations according to simple semi-emperical method.Books Recommended:1. Introduction to Ligand Field by B.N. Figgis, Wiley Eastern Ltd. New Delhi.2. Introduction to Ligand Field Theory by C.J. Ballhausen, McGraw Hill, New York.3. Inorganic Electronics spectroscopy by A.B.P. Lever, II Edition Elsevier, Amstadam, 1984.


M. Sc. Fourth Semester (C.B.C.S.)Organic Synthesis II (CHM 4021)

(w.e.f. 2016-2017) M.M.: 100 (30+70)4 Periods/weekCredits = 4;Unit-I. (a) Reagents in Organic Synthesis IIUse of the following reagents in organic synthesis and functional group transformations:complex metal hydrides, Gilman’s reagent (Lithium dimethyl cuprate), lithium di-isopropylamide (LDSA), dicyclohexyl carbodiimide (DCC) and selenium dioxide (SeO2).

(b) Protection of the following groups:Principles of protection of carbon-carbon double bonds, alcohol, amine, carbonyl andcarboxyl groups.Unit-II. Disconnection approach to syntheses of organic molecules:An introduction to synthons and synthetic equivalents, conversion and interconversions offunctional groups, selective reactions (Chemo-, regio- and stereoselective), formation of C-C, C-O and C-N bonds.Unit-III (a) One Group C-C Disconnection:Alcohols and carbonyl compounds, consideration of regioselectivity. Alkene synthesis anduses of acetylenes in organic synthesis.

(b)Two Group C-C Disconnection:Diels Alder reaction, 1,3-difunctionalised compounds, , -unsaturated carbonylcompounds, 1,5-difunctionalised compounds. Michael addition and Robinson annulation.Unit-IV. Application of the above for designing the synthesis of: -N-2-chloroethyl piperidine, cyclohexylpropanol, 3,4-diphenyl-3-hydroxy-butane-2-one,cyclohexane-1, 3-dione, carboxymethylcyclohexanone, , -unsaturated ketone,nitrocinnamaldehyde, citral, -terpenol, multistrialein.Books Suggested:1. Designing Organic Synthesis, S. Warren, Wiley.2. Organic Synthesis-Concept, Methods and Starting Materials, J. Fuhrhop and G. Penzillin, Veriage VCH.3. Some Modern Methods of Organic Synthesis. W. Carruthers, Cambridge Univ. Press.4. Modern Synthetic Reactions, H.P. House, W.A. Benjamin.5. Advanced Organic Chemistry: Reactions, Mechanisms and Structure, J. March, Wiley.6. Principles of Organic Synthesis, R. Norman and J.M. Coxon, Blackie Academic & Professional.7. Advanced Organic Chemistry Part B, F.A. Carey and R.J. Sundberg, Plenum Press.


M. Sc. Fourth Semester (C.B.C.S.)Chemistry of Natural Products (CHM 4022)

(w.e.f. 2016-2017) M.M.: 100 (30+70)4 Periods/weekCredits = 4;Unit-I. AlkaloidsDefinition, nomenclature, occurrence, isolation, general methods of structure elucidation,degradation, classification based on nitrogen heterocyclic ring. Role of alkaloids in plantsand their physiological action.Structure, stereochemistry, synthesis and biosynthesis of the following :Ephedrine, (+)- Coniine, Quinine and Morphine.Unit-II. Steroids.Occurrence, nomenclature, basic skeleton, Diel's hydrocarbon and stereochemistry.Isolation, structure determination and synthesis of Cholesterol, Bile acids, Androsterone,Testosterone, Estrone, Progesterone, Aldosterone, Cortisone. Biosynthesis of steroids.Unit-III. Terpenoids: Isolation and general methods of structure elucidation of terpenoids. Structuredetermination and synthesis of Geraniol, -Pinene, Camphor, Menthol, Zingiberene andPhytol. Biosynthesis of terpenoids..Unit-IV Flavonoids: Occurrence, nomenclature and general methods of structure determination.Isolation and synthesis of Apigenin, Luteolin, Quercetin, Myrcetin, Vitexin, Diadzein,Cyanidin, Hirsutidin. Biosynthesis of flavonoids: Acetate pathway and Shikimic acidpathway.Books Suggested:1. Natural Products: Chemistry and Biological Significance, J. Mann, R.S. Davidson, J.B. Hobbs, D.V. Banthope andJ.B. Harborne, Longman, Essex.2. Organic Chemistry, Vol, I.L. Finar ELBS.3. Stereoselective Synthesis: A Practical Approach, jM. Norgradi, VCH.4. Rodd's Chemistry of Carbon Compounds, Ed. S. Coffey, Elsevier.5. Chemistry, Biological and Pharmacological Properties of Medicinal Plants from the Americas, Ed. KurtHostettmann, M.P. Gupta and A. Marston, Harwood Academic Publishers.6. Introduction to Flavonoids, B.A. Bohm, Harwood Academic Publishers.7. New Trends in Natural Product Chemistry, Atta-ur-Rahman and M.I. Choudhary, Harwood Academic Publishers.8. Insecticides of Natural Origin, Sukh Dev, Harwood Academic Publishers.


M. Sc. Fourth Semester (C.B.C.S.)Physical Chemistry

Electrochemistry (CHM 4031)(w.e.f. 2016-2017) M.M.: 100 (30+70)4 Periods/weekCredits = 4;

Unit-I. Interfacial Potential Difference:Electrochemical potentials. Liquid junction potentials: Potential differences atelectrolyte – electrolyte boundary, types of liquid junctions, transference numbers andmobility, calculation of liquid junction potentials.Selective electrodes: selective interfaces, glass electrodes, other ion-selectivemembranes, gas sensing electrodes, enzyme-coupled devices.

Unit-II. Non-Faradaic Processes and Nature of Electrode/Solution InterfaceIdeal polarized electrode, capacitance and charge of an electrode, thermodynamics ofelectrical double-layer, surface excess, experimental evaluation of surface excesses andelectrical parameters, Models for double-layer structure: Helmholtz, Gouy-Chapman,Stern and BDM models, specific adsorption.Unit-III. (A) Kinetics of Electrode ReactionsElementary treatment of principles of electrode kinetics, factors affecting electrodereaction rate, model based on free-energy curves, kinetic model based onelectrochemical potentials, implications of the current-potential characteristics.

(B) Mass TransferModes of mass transfer: migration, diffusion and convection, semi-empirical treatmentof steady-state and non-steady-state mass-transfer, mathematical treatment of masstransfer by migration and diffusion.Unit-IV. (A) Contolled Potential Microelectrode Techniques:

Potential Step Methods: Types of techniques, potential step under diffusion control,limiting currents at d.m.e., sampled current voltammetry for reversible electrodereaction.(B) Potential Sweep Methods: Introduction, reversible systems, Reversal Techniques:Nernstian systems.

Books suggested:

1. Electrochemistry for Chemists, D. T. Sawyer, A. Sobkowiak and J. L. Roberts, Jr., 2nd ed., JohnWiley, 1995.

2. Electrochemical Methods, A. J. Bard and L. R. Faulkner, John Wiley, 1980.3. Ion Selective Electrodes, J. Koryta and K. Stulik, Cambridge Univ. Press.


M. Sc. Fourth Semester (C.B.C.S.)Physical Chemistry

Statistical Thermodynamics (CHM 4032)(w.e.f. 2016-2017) M.M.: 100 (30+70)4 Periods/weekCredits = 4;

Unit-I. Systems of Independent ParticlesConcept of a distribution, number of wave functions for a distribution: for Fermi-Dirac andBose Einstein cases, Distinguishable particles, corrected Boltzons, fundamental distributionlaw, parameters and , perfect gas and , statistical expression for heat change, heatchange statistical mechanical entropy, thermodynamic functions for a system of correctedboltzons, comments on the Boltzmann distribution and corrected Boltzmann statistics,Fermi-Dirac and Bose-Einstein statistics, conditions for the applicability of Boltzmannstatistics.

Unit-II. (A) Statistical Mechanics and Chemical EquilibriumEquilibrium constant in terms of partition functions, change in the zero of energy, partitionfunctions for translational and internal degrees of freedom, free energy and q/N for differentstandard states.

(B) Distribution laws, Partition Functions and Thermodynamic Functions for Atoms andDiatomic moleculesDistribution law and thermodynamic functions for separable degrees of freedom, electronicpartition function of atoms, rigid rotor, vibrational energy levels, rotational and vibrationalpartition function and their thermodynamic functions, electronic states and partitionfunction.

(C) Nuclear Spin Statistics & Isotope EffectsOrtho and para hydrogen and its equilibrium mixtures, other examples of nuclear spinstatistics, isotopes and symmetry numbers, isotope effects for diatomic molecules.

Unit-III. Canonical and Grand Canonical EnsemblesCanonical ensemble and ensemble average, perfect gas in canonical ensemble, entropy andfree energy, grand canonical ensemble, entropy and other thermodynamic functions ingrand canonical ensemble.

Unit-IV.(A) FluctuationsMean of the distribution and the mean-square deviation, fluctuation in energy in acanonical ensemble, density fluctuations in grand ensemble: one component systems,energy fluctuations in grand ensemble.

(B) Real GasesVirial Expansions, configuration Integral and the canonical partition function, the secondvirial coefficient.

Books suggested:1. Norman Davidson, Statistical Mechanics, McGraw-Hill, New York.2. R.P.H. Gasser and W.G. Richards, Introduction of Statistical Thermodynamics, World Scientific,

Singapore (1995).3. T.L. Hill, An Introduction to Statistical Thermodynamics, Dover, New York (1986).A. Ben-Naim, Statistical Thermodynamics for Chemists and Biologists, Plenum, New York (1992).


M. Sc. Fourth Semester (C.B.C.S.)Analytical Chemistry

Ion Exchange and Polymers (CHM 4041)(w.e.f. 2016-2017) M.M.: 100 (30+70)4 Periods/weekCredits = 4;

Unit I (a). Basic Principles and Capacity DeterminationDefinition and units, classification, preparation and basic properties of ion exchange resin. weightcapacity, sorption and overall sorption capacity, volume capacity, concentration of fixed charges,apparent capacity, pH- titration, determination of pK values problems.(b). Ion-Exchange EquilibriaTheoretical approaches and models, swelling: swelling-principles and general rules, water ofhydration and free water, sorption of solutes, Donnan potential, ion exchange equilibria, ligandexchange, reactions with materials of low solubility.

Unit-II Ion Exchange KineticsMechanism of ion exchange, rate determining step, rate laws of ion exchange, isotopic exchange,particle diffusion control, film diffusion control, ion exchange, ideal limiting laws, experimentaldistinction between particle and film diffusion controlled exchange, theoretical prediction of therate controlling process problems.Unit-III. Polymers, Polymerization Reactions and KineticsImportance of polymers; Basic concepts: monomers, repeat units, degree of polymerization;Classification of polymers: skeletal structures, monomer arrangements, properties andpolymerization mechanism; Polymerization reactions: linear step polymerization, Carotherstheory, statistical theory, non- linear step polymerization, Chain polymerization- free radical,cationic, anionic and coordination; Kinetics of chain polymerization.Unit IV. Polymer Characterization, Structure and PropertiesPolydispersion and average molecular weight concept: Number, weight & viscosity averagemolecular weights; Measurement of molecular weights: End-group, membrane osmometry lightscattering and viscometry; Polymer cystaliization, morphology and chain tacticity; Melting (Tm)and glass transition(Tg) temperature, efects of molecular weight, dilutents, chemical structure,branching and cross linking, relationship between Tm and Tg; Thermal analysis and visco-elasticproperties.Books Recommended:1. Ion Exchange, F. Helfferich, McGraw Hill Book Co. New York 1962.2. Inorganic Ion Exchangers, C.B. Amphlett, Elsevier Publ. Co. New York (1964).3. Inorganic Ion Exchange Materials, A. Clearfield, CRC Press, Inc. Boca Raton (1982).4. Zeolite, A. Dyer.5. Textbook of Polymer Science, F.W. Billmeyer Jr., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2000.6. Introduction to Polymers, R.J. Young and P.A. Lovel, Chapman & Hall, London.7. Polymer Chemistry-An Introduction, R.B.Seymour & C.E. Carraher, Jr., Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York.8. Principles of Polymerization, G. Odian, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York.9. Polymer Science and Technology, Joel Fried, Prentice Hall PTR, ISBN : 0130181684.10. Polymer Chemistry: An Introduction, Malcolm P. Stevens, Oxford University Press, ISBN: 0195124448.11. Fundamentals of Polymer Science, Paul C. Painter, Michael M. Coleman, CRC; 2 ed, ISBN: 1566765595


M. Sc. Fourth Semester (C.B.C.S.)Analytical Chemistry

Electro-analytical Methods (CHM 4042)(w.e.f. 2016-2017) M.M.: 100 (30+70)4 Periods/weekCredits = 4;

Unit I. Electrolytic SeparationFundamentals, electrochemical cells (galvanic, electrolytic), electrode potentials (theoretical,actual), current (residual, limiting, capacitive), over potential, electrogravimetry, constant currentelectrolysis, separation with controlled electrode potential, constant voltage electrolysis, mercurycathode, internal electrolysis, electrography.Unit II. Coulometric MethodsFundamentals, current efficiency, measurement of charge transfer, coulometers (silver, copper andgas), controlled potential coulometry, constant current coulometry, potential buffers, coulometrictitrations.

Amperometric titrationsFundamentals, amperometric titration curves, amperometric titrations with one indicator electrode(precipitation, neutralization, complexation and oxidation-reduction reactions, successivetitrations), amperometric titrations with two indicator electrodes, biamperometric titrations,comparison with other titrimetric methods.Unit III. Voltammetry and PolarographyGeneral principles, excitation signals, instrumentation, voltammogram; Polarography- the droppingmercury electrode (DME) and potential range, limiting current, diffusion current & Ilkovicequation, factors affecting the diffusion current, dependence of 'm' upon mercury height, effect oftemperature, residual current, interferring electrode reactions, polarographic maxima, linear scanpolarography, normal and differential-pulse polarography, square-wave polarography; Cyclicvoltammetry; Stripping voltammetry.Unit IV. PotentiometryGeneral principles, liquid-junction potential, reference electrodes, pH meter, direct potentiometricmeasurements, potentiometric pH measurements with glass electrode and combination pHelectrode, potentiometric titration.

ConductometryBasic principles, instrumentation, conductance cells, conductometric titrations- acids of differentpka values at various concentrations by strong and weak base, modifications for titration of weakacid, mixture of a strong and weak acid.Books recommended:1. Introduction to chemical Analysis, R. D.Braun, Mc. Graw-Hill, International Book Co., 19832. Quantitative Chemical Analysis; Kolthoff, sandell Meehan and Bruckestein; Mcmillan Co., London, 19693. Instrumental methods of chemical Analysis, G.W. Wing, McGraw-Hill (London), 1975.4. Instrumental Methods of Analysis, 7th edn. H.H. Willard, L.L. Merritt, Jr. and J.A. Dean and F.A. Settle, Jr.Publishers and Distributors, New Delhi, 1986.5. Instrumental Analysis, G. D. Christian, (Second Edition) James E. Reilly, Allyn and Bcon, Inc., BostanLondon.6. Fundamental of Analytical Chemistry, D.A. Skoog D.M. West and F.J. Holler, Saunders College Publishing,New York, 1988.7. Principles of Instrumental Analysis by Skoog Holler, Neiman (2001). V. Edn.


M.Sc. IV– Semester (CBCS)Chemistry in Daily Life (CHM 4091)

Open Elective Course(w.e.f. 2016-2017) M.M.: 100 (30+70)4 Periods/weekCredits = 4;Unit - I Chromatography:Introduction, general description of chromatography, classification ofchromatographic methods, Ion exchange: principles and applications, paperchromatography, thin layer chromatography, column chromatography (liquid-liquid),size-exclusion, gas chromatography, applications.Unit – II Occurrence of mineral and ores of Fe, Cu, Zn and Al. Roasting, Calcination and Frothflotation method of concentration of ores. Extraction of Fe and Al metal. Hydrogenperoxide preparation, manufacture, physic-chemical properties and applications.Zeolite - its application in daily life. Electron deficient compounds involving 3C – 2e―bonding in B2H6 and (BeH2)x .Unit – III (a) Polymers: Monomers, Polymers and Polymerisation. Classifications based onsource, structure of polymer, mode of polymerisation, molecular forces. Types ofpolymer reactions; addition and condensation polymerisation andcopolymerisation, preparation of polythene, teflon, nylon 6,6, polyester, naturaland synthetic rubber; vulcanisation of rubber.(b) Drugs: Classificant of Drugs. Therapeutic action of different classes of Drugs(Antacids, antihistamines, Tranquilizers Analgesics, Antimicrobial, antiseptic/disinfectants. Some important drugs from each class.Unit – IV Solid state Batteries; Sodium Sulfur Batteries, Lithium iron Sulfide Batteries, SodiumChloride Batteries and Lithium chloride Batteries, Advantages of Solid State BatteryTechnology.

Books:1. Quantitative Analysis, R.A. Day & A.L. Underwood, Pearson.2. Analytical Chemistry, G.D. Christian, P.K. Dasgupta & K.A. Schug, Wily, 2013.3. Principle of Inorganic Chemistry, Puri and Sharma.4. Polymer Chemistry, Billmayer.5. Polymer Chemistry, Gowarikar.6. Solid State Chemistry and its Application by Anthony R. West.

department of chemistry a.m.u., aligarh · introduction to quantum chemistry, a.k. chandra, tata...

Documents