Department of Criminal JusticeDepartment of Criminal Justice

California State University - BakersfieldCalifornia State University - Bakersfield

CRJU 477CRJU 477

Terrorism Terrorism

Dr. Abu-Lughod, Reem AliDr. Abu-Lughod, Reem Ali

Religious TerrorismReligious Terrorism

State-Sponsored Religious Terrorism in the Modern Era State-Sponsored Religious Terrorism in the Modern Era

National Case: IranNational Case: Iran

Case in Point: Iranian Support for Lebanon’s Hezbollah Case in Point: Iranian Support for Lebanon’s Hezbollah Political relationshipPolitical relationship Liberation of Jerusalem (Al Quds)Liberation of Jerusalem (Al Quds) Hezbollah: southern LebanonHezbollah: southern Lebanon Different religious groups: sunnis, shites, etc…Different religious groups: sunnis, shites, etc…

Case in Point: Iranian Support for Palestinian Islamists Case in Point: Iranian Support for Palestinian Islamists Liberation of Palestinians and Palestinian organizationsLiberation of Palestinians and Palestinian organizations Support from Iran. What type of support?Support from Iran. What type of support? Fund for the Martyrs of HamasFund for the Martyrs of Hamas

Regional Case: Pakistan & India Regional Case: Pakistan & India

Case in Point: The War in Jammu & KashmirCase in Point: The War in Jammu & Kashmir Human rights violations Human rights violations Islamic fightersIslamic fighters MujahideenMujahideen

Case in Point: The Golden Temple Massacre (and Aftermath)Case in Point: The Golden Temple Massacre (and Aftermath) Sikhism: what is it? Sikhism: what is it? Centered in the Indian state of PunjabCentered in the Indian state of Punjab Golden Temple: in Amritsar, PunjabGolden Temple: in Amritsar, Punjab Support from Inter-Services Intelligence Support from Inter-Services Intelligence

Dissident Religious Terrorism in the Modern Era Dissident Religious Terrorism in the Modern Era

Regional Case: Religious Zealotry in the Middle East Regional Case: Religious Zealotry in the Middle East Sacred places: Jerusalem and the convergence of religions: Christianity, Islam and Judaism Sacred places: Jerusalem and the convergence of religions: Christianity, Islam and Judaism The non-believersThe non-believers Suicide bombers? It’s legitimacy Suicide bombers? It’s legitimacy The Jews and Muslims in controversyThe Jews and Muslims in controversy

Case in Point: The Grand Mosque Incident Case in Point: The Grand Mosque Incident Five pillars of IslamFive pillars of Islam 1979 during the Hajj, 300 radicals occupied the Grand Mosque in Mecca1979 during the Hajj, 300 radicals occupied the Grand Mosque in Mecca U.S. and Israel blamed through Iranian media U.S. and Israel blamed through Iranian media Pakistanis attacking U.S. embassy killing 2 Americans Pakistanis attacking U.S. embassy killing 2 Americans

Case in Point: The Hebron Mosque MassacreCase in Point: The Hebron Mosque Massacre February 25February 25thth 1994 NY born physician Baruch Goldstein 1994 NY born physician Baruch Goldstein Hamas attacked back in response with suicide bombers Hamas attacked back in response with suicide bombers

Case in Point: The Rabin AssassinationCase in Point: The Rabin Assassination

1995 Israeli Prime Minister assassinated by Yigal Amir1995 Israeli Prime Minister assassinated by Yigal Amir Jewish extremist acted out with the requirements of Jewish extremist acted out with the requirements of HalachaHalacha (Jewish code) (Jewish code) Demonology as a result of the actDemonology as a result of the act Justification of killing at times of WarJustification of killing at times of War

Case in Point: Sectarian Violence in Iraq Case in Point: Sectarian Violence in Iraq

The breakdown of different religious sects in IraqThe breakdown of different religious sects in Iraq Religious celebrations: Religious celebrations: Ashura Ashura for examplefor example Attack on non-Muslim cultural institutionsAttack on non-Muslim cultural institutions Power and allocation of resourcesPower and allocation of resources The ruling power The ruling power

Movement Case: The International Mujahideen-Holy Warriors for the Faith

Mujahideen-Holy Warriors???

Jihadi Ideology Afghan Arabs Fundamentalism Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, U.S. occupation of Iraq, Israeli occupation of Gaza and the

West bank Sacrifice in defense of the faith

Organization Case: Al Qaeda’s Religious Foundation

Osama bin Laden Loose network of like-minded Islamic revolutionaries Whey they operate Sectarian ideological point of view of bin Laden