TYPE AND MEANING OF REGISTER USED IN FIVB VOLLEYBALL OFFICIAL

PAGE ON INSTAGRAM

Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Getting Bachelor Degree of

Education in English Department School of Teacher Training and Education

by:

DHANIS RESTY AISYAH

A320160191

DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH EDUCATION

SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION

UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH SURAKARTA

2020

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TYPE AND MEANING OF REGISTER USED IN FIVB VOLLEYBALL OFFICIAL

PAGE ON INSTAGRAM

Abstrak

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk (1) mencari tahu tipe register di halaman resmi FIVB

Volleyball di Instagram (2) mengetahui tipe makna register di halaman resmi FIVB

Volleyball di Instagram. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif. Penelitian ini

menggunakan metode dokumentasi untuk mengumpulkan data. Data diambil dari kata yang

termasuk dalam register bola voli, sedangkan sumber datanya diambil dari beberapa akun

resmi FIVB bola voli. Dalam menganalisis data, peneliti menggunakan teori Martin Joos

(1967) untuk mengidentifikasi tipe register, dan Geoffrey Leech (1981) untuk

mengidentifikasi tipe makna register. Hasil penelitian ini, yang pertama peneliti menemukan

20 data tipe register yang terdiri dari 9 data (40%) Register Konsultatif dan 11 data (60%)

Register Santai. Kedua, 20 data dari tipe makna register terdiri dari 9 data (40%) Makna

Konseptual dan 11 data (60%) Makna Afektif. Peneliti menyimpulkan bahwa Register Santai

adalah jenis register yang paling dominan, ini menunjukkan bahwa Register Santai sering

digunakan dalam percakapan, terutama pada Instagram. Makna Afektif adalah tipe makna

register yang paling dominan, ini menunjukkan bahwa Makna Afektif sering digunakan

dalam keterangan dan komentar yang mencerminkan perasaan pribadi terhadap sesuatu yang

dibicarakan.

Kata kunci: register, tipe register, tipe makna register

Abstract

The objectives of this study are to (1) find out the types of register in the FIVB Volleyball

official page on Instagram (2) find out the types of meaning of register in the FIVB

Volleyball official page on Instagram. This research is a qualitative research. The research

uses the documentation method for collecting the data. The data taken from the word which

belongs to register of volleyball, while the source of the data is taken from several FIVB

Volleyball official account. In analyzing the data, researcher used the theory of Martin Joos

(1967) to identify the types of register, and Geoffrey Leech (1981) to identify the types of

meaning of register.The result of this research . First, the researcher found 20 data types of

register consisting of9 data (40%) Consultative Register and 11 data (60%) Casual Register.

Second, 20 data from the types of meaning of register consisting of 9 data (40%) Conceptual

Meaning and 11 data (60%) Affective Meaning. The researcher concludes that Casual

Register is the most dominant type of register, it shows that Casual Register is often used in

conversation, especially on Instagram. Affective Meaning is the most dominant types of

meaning of register, it shows that Affective Meaning is often used in the caption and

comment which reflects personal feelings towards something talking about.

Keywords: register, types of register, types of meaning of register

1. INTRODUCTION

Language development that is in line with the development of human life in modern

centuries shows a phenomenon that changes, among others, evidenced by the use of language

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as a particular tool knows as variations in language such as variations in jargon, slang and

register. This is one part of the variation of language in sociolinguistics. Wardhaugh

(1986:13) reveals that sociolinguistics is focussed with the relationships between language

and society, the goal being a better understanding seen of the structure of language and of

how uses language on communication.

In this study, the author raised the register as a concept, which is a general concept that

refers to variations in language based on situational factors (such as place / time, topic of

conversation) and the concept of registers specifically based on specific words related to

groups / field of usage. Crystal (1991) stated that register is a language variety viewed with

respect to its context of used, as for examples of register used in football, the word “Kick

Off” which means that the player of football doing when the match will start by two player.

While, register used in the online shop, the word “House Ambassador” which means a

boy/girl who promote a brand or product. Register used in Coffee Farmer Group, The word

“Pulping” which means stripping a layer of coffee beans from the fruit conducted by hand.

The types of register can be seen from the situation. It is the meaning potency that is available

in a given social context. It is defined in terms of meanings: it is not an aggregate of the

conventional form of expression superposed on some underlying content by “social factors”

of one kind or another.Register is a phenomenon of language varieties.. The example of

phenomena of register used in FIVB Volleyball , as follows :

@volleyballnationleague :“Powerful and smart, Gergana Dimitrova was the toser for

Bulgaria at 2019 #VNL Here’s Dimitrova scoring in a #MegaRally”.

The sentence indicates that the player who was getting nominated as the toser for

Bulgaria on Volleyball Nation League 2019. This sentence is included the type of Casual

Registe and the type of meaning of register is Conceptual Meaning. Then the intention of

register is the player in charge of giving feedback to the smasher.

The researcher is interested to choose this topic, because there is a few of research

which talks about register and fill the gap and previously research. Register also reflected in

Social Media such as Instagram, especially in FIVB Volleyball Official account, because the

writer sees the enthusiasm of social media users that is so high. It shows that the frequency of

use of register is very often used by people.

Based on the above phenomenon, the researcher interested in analyzing the register

used in FIVB Volleyball Official page on Instragram by using sociolinguistics theory.

Regarding the research background, the problems raised by the writer as follows: (1) What

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are the types of Register used in FIVB Volleyball official page in instagram and (2) What are

the types of meaning of Register in FIVB Volleyball official page in instagram.

There are several studies about Sociolinguistic, especially about Register. The writer

finds the five studies that related with this research, as follows:

The first study has been conducted by Hoffmann Thomas (2015) argued that more

attention needs to be paid to social and physical context factors.The purpose of this study is

to discuss sociolinguistic problems in a use-based approach: in a developing field of

Cognitive Sociolinguistics researchers have, of course, already tried to incorporate a wide

variety of sociolinguistic phenomena into their cognitive analyses. In addition, there are also

a small number of Construction Grammar studies that have looked at sociolinguistics

variation yet, most of these studies have taken a rather classical (“first wave”) variationist

approach in that they have looked at how static sociolinguistic parameters (such as text type,

register or dialect) act as independent variables in their analyses points out, however, recent

(“third wave”) sociolinguistic studies move away from static constraints and focus more on

the active stylization of individuals by a dynamic linguistic act of identity.

The second study has been conducted by Mariia Rubtcova.Oleg Pavenkov (2016) about

Register with Systemic Functional Linguistics as a Macro-sociolinguistics Framework with

language diversity and equality. The purpose of this study is to find registers used by social

life and hence theories about how society works. Research shows that the Marxist approach

to language analysis in the context of social inequality, this research shows that someone who

is fluent in speaking theories about common language accepts a complete set of social rights

while people who speak regional languages or dialects are "locked" at the bottom of the

social hierarchy.

The third study has been conducted by Lukasz Grabowski (2015) about Register

Variation across English Pharmaceutical Texts. In this research constitutes an initial step

towards filling a gap in corpus linguistics studies of linguistics and phraseological variation

across English pharmaceutical texts. in particular in terms of recurrent linguistic patterns. In

this research used the theory the methodology proposed by Biber (2006, 2009).

The forth study has been conducted by Laws (2018) about register variation spoken

British English. The type of this research is Qualitative research. The aim of this study is to

identify the effect of register variation in spoken British English on the occurrence of the four

principal verb forming suffixes. Register variation effects were compared between the less

formal Demographically - Sample and the more formal Context-Governed component of the

1994 version of the British National Corpus. The pattern of –ize derivatives revealed the most

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marked register-based differences with respect to frequency counts and the creation of

neologisms, whereas –en derivatives varied the least compared with the other three suffixes.

The last study has been conducted by PierluigiCuzzolin(2014) the attempts at defining

the notion of register aimed at establishing a clear-cut distinction between the linguistic

variation according to its use: the register would that automatically result from the interplay

of the user, the use, and the situation or the context; such terms occur in the definitions of

register given below. The difference from this study is the theory refers to said the situation

on the register used but the study is talking about the language characteristic of someplace.

2. METHOD

In doing this research, the writer used descriptive qualitative research. In this case,

the writer analyzed the word that include in register in FIVB Volleyballofficial page on

instagram for identify the types of register and the types of meaning of register. The data

of the research arethe word which belongs to register of volleyball used in FIVB Official

at social media Instagram.The data source of the research is taken from FIVB Volleyball

Official Instagram account (www.instagram.com/volleyballnationleague) and

(www.instagram.com/volleyballworld), because from this account the writer found the

register used in games volleyball. The data which chosen is taken from Februaryuntil

May 2020, it consists of 20 data of register.

The technique of collecting data is documentation method. The way are as follow:

(1) Watching the several FIVB Volleyball Official account on Instagram and find the

sentence or word register that appears on the FIVB Volleyball official accounts. (2)

Writing the caption or comment and gives a sign to caption or comment which contains

the word which belongs to register in volleyball, (3) Classifying the type of register and

the type of meaning which contain the word which belongs to register of volleyball used

in FIVB Official at social media Instagram.The technique of analyzing data of this

research. First, Identifying the type of register used in FIVB Volleyball Official with the

theory from Martin Joos (1967). Second, Identifying the type of meaning used in FIVB

Volleyball Official with the theory from Geoffrey Leech (1981). The objectives of this

study are to (1) find out the types of register in the FIVB Volleyball official page on

Instagram (2) find out the types of meaning of register in the FIVB Volleyball official

page on Instagram.

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3. FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS

After analyzing all of data, the researcher finally find out arranges several finding.

The findings are type and meaning of register used in FIVB Volleyball Official Page on

Instagram and percentage of the types of register and the types of meaning found in this

research.

3.1. Findings

Table 1. Types of Register Used in FIVB Volleyball Official Page on Instagram

No Types of Register Example ∑ %

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Consultative Register

Casual Register

Screen

Setter

Opposite

Spike

Service

Smashes

Digging

Take Off

Quicker

Libero

Outside Hitter

MPV

Cover of attack

Toser

Back row attack

Middle Blocker

Blocker

All round spike

Lossof rally

Dumps play

9

11

40%

60%

TOTAL 20 100%

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Table 2. Types of Meaning Used in FIVB Volleyball Official Page onInstagram

No Data Meaning Types of

Meaning

∑ %

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

4 years ago #VNL best libero

Eric Shoji did this. The men

#FIVBWorldCup starts October

1st in Japan with the defending

champions USA and 11 more

teams.”

Best outside hitter #14 Yuki

Ishikawa, this 2019/2020

professional season, the 23 year

old is playing for Italian”.

“Matt Anderson from USA

named as MPV of the 2015

#FIVBWORLDCUP.”

“Volleyball star Louisa

Lippmann has returned to the

German league after being away

for two seasons. The opposite

has joined Schwerin after her

season in the Chinese league

ended in January”.

”A fantastic dig by Jessie Niles

and then Kiera Van Ryk doing

Screen. Team Canada is the

#VNLWomen newcomer!”

“Lincoln Williams with the

smashes. The power and speed

from one of the most effective

hitters in 2019 #VNLMen.”

“Japan shining at 2019 VNL.

“Powerful and smart, Gergana

The player that

defense serves as the

first recipient of the

ball ball receiver.

The attacker of the

ball outside or side

of the net.

Named or category

of the best players.

The fast attacker

from the middle.

An action to prevent

the player who is

going to serve

Hard and strong

blow towards the

opponent to get a

point

The player in charge

Conceptu

al

Meaning

9

40%

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

Dimitrova was the toser for

Bulgaria at 2019 #VNL Here’s

Dimitrova scoring in a

#MegaRally.”

“Liu Yanhan from China lashes

out from the back row attack.”

“#VNLWomen the best quicker

:#99Ebrar Karakurt.”

”Bruninho the best setter in the

world.”

“Arguably one of the best middle

blocker in the world, Milena

Rasichas been one of the great

contributors to the tremendous

success of the Serbia”

“Here comes the boom!! start

your weekend with this super

spike from Poland’s Malwina

Smarzek”.

”A Monster Blocker on the sand.

Andres Mol has shown that he

has several outstanding elements

in this game, but one that stands

out is his blocking.”

That match in Canada was insane

! One of my favourite game

endings. He’s (Yuji Nishida) such

a true all-round spike, a legend

in the making.”

Japan’s defense is hard to beat

of giving feedback

to the smasher.

The fast attacker

from the middle

The player who

attack fast balls with

a ball that is not

high (0-50 cm)

above the net

Ball feeders and

attack regulators

The player in the

middle who charge

of blocking the ball

through the net.

Attack carried out

by an attacker

The player in charge

of blocking the

smash from

opponent’s attack

The act of attacking

and defending well

in the process of

spring on the ball

Affective

Meaning

11

60%

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3.2 Discussion

3.2.1 Types of Register

The finding of the types of register is supported by Martin Joos (1967) who

stated that there are five types of register, namely (1) Frozen Register, (2) Formal

Register, (3) Consultative Register, (3) Casual Register, (5) Intimate Register.

This finding is also in line the research conducted by Hoffmann Thomas

(2015) who stated that more attention needs to be paid to social and physical context

factors. The purpose of this study is to discuss sociolinguistic problems in a use-

based approach: in a developing field of Cognitive Sociolinguistics researchers

have, of course, already tried to incorporate a wide variety of sociolinguistic

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and their cover of attack can be

decisive.”

“He’s great service, blocker and

hitter! Yuki Ishikawa. Can you it

all!!.”

“An insane digging and what a

great ending for this #Megarally

French.”

“His team loss of rally, but

Santiago Danani’s readiness is

remarkable!”

“She has a funny, lovely service

routine. But, her hop, Take offare

also very effective! Amanda

Francisco”

”Crazy volleyball dumps play by

Simone Giannelii. Here’s a

collection of the craziest

volleyball dumps by our player of

the week.”

The technique of

holding or coverig

the area of attack

The first blow to

mark the start of the

games

Technique to keep

the ball in a variety

of ways

The violations in

volleyball while

serving

The leap when

doing a smash

The smash

movement with the

ball which turns out

to be hit slowly

TOTAL 20 100%

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phenomena into their cognitive analyses. In addition, there are also a small number

of Construction Grammar studies that have looked at sociolinguistics variation yet,

most of these studies have taken a rather classical (“first wave”)

variationistapproach in that they have looked at how static sociolinguistic

parameters (such as text type, register or dialect).

From the table 4.1 it is clear that the dominant type of register is Casual

Register (60%). The less dominant type of register is Consultative Register (40%).

This means that Casual Register is often used in conversation, especially on

Instagram.

3.2.2. Types of Meaning

The finding of the type of meaning and intention of register word is

supported by Hymes’s Speaking theory and Geoffrey Leech (1981) who stated that

there are the types of meaning, namely (1) Conceptual Meaning, (2) Connotative

Meaning, (3) Social Meaning and Affective Meaning, (4) Reflected Meaning and

Collocative Meaning, (5) Thematic Meanings.

This finding is also in line the research conducted by Mariia Rubtcova. Oleg

Pavenkov (2016) who stated that analysis of language in the context of social

inequality. This research shows that someone who is fluent in speaking theories

about common language accepts a complete set of social rights while people who

speak regional languages or dialects are "locked" at the bottom of the social

hierarchy.

From the table 4.2 it is clear that the dominant type of meaning is Affective

Meaning (60%). The less dominant type of meaning of register is Conceptual

Meaning (40%). This means that Affective Meaning is often used in the caption and

comment which reflects personal feelings towards something talking about.

4. CONCLUSION

Based on data and also discussion of finding, finally the writers can conclude that the

type of register are Consultative register (40%) and Casual Register (60%). The writers find

the high frequency data of the type of register are in Casual Register by 60%. Because,

Casual Register which is often used in conversation, especially on Instagram. And also based

on data and discussion of finding, finally the writers can conclude that the type of meaning of

register are Conceptual Meaning (40%) and Affective Meaning (60%). The writers find the

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high frequency data of the type of meaning are in Affective Meaning by 60%. Because,

AffectiveMeaning which is often used in the caption and comment that reflects personal

feelings towards something talking about.

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