department of mathematics and science practicing science what is science?
TRANSCRIPT
Department of Mathematics and Science
Practicing Science
What is Science?
Department of Mathematics and Science
1. Look/watch things with a purpose
2. Think ahead about what might happen3. Use tools to make precise or specific information with numbers4. Put things into definite categories by common properties5. Use reasoning to draw conclusions
6. Describe and share information with others
Process Skills:Observe
Predict
Measure
Classify
Infer
Communicate
Scientists at Work
Department of Mathematics and Science
How do Scientists Make Observations?
Scientists use their Five Senses
• Sight - Looks
• Touch - Feels
• Hearing – Sounds
when moving…
• Odor – Smells
• Tastes SAFETY FIRST!! Never taste anything or put anything in your mouth without
permission!
Qualitative Observations
Department of Mathematics and Science
Scientists use measurement tools to make observations
that involve numbers or quantities
How do Scientists get precise or specific size information about objects?
What tools do scientists use to measure length or distance?
ruler
tape measure
meter stick
What is Length?
• Length- is the distance between two points.
• How long is the screw in centimeters? It is 5.1 centimeters. • Remember to measure to the smallest place value
the tool allows and use decimals.
Measuring Length
How many millimeters are in 1 centimeter?
What is the length of the blue line in centimeters? _______cm
What is the length of the blue line in millimeters? _______mm
HINT: Measure to the smallest place value the tool allows – use decimals.
The line is 3.2 cm and 132 mm.
1 centimeter = 10 millimeters
Measure the length of one marker. How long is it?Measure the length of a crayon?How long is it?
Metric Units
What are the metric units for measuring length or distance ?
Units include the meter, centimeter and the millimeter.
The basic unit of length in the metric system in the meter and is represented by a lowercase m.
Metric Units1 Kilometer (km) = 1000 meters
1 Meter = 100 Centimeters (cm)
1 Meter = 1000 Millimeters (mm)
Click the image to watch a short video
about the meter.
Adapted from T. Trimpe 2008 http://sciencespot.net
Department of Mathematics and Science
What tools do scientists use to measure mass?
Balance & gram pieces
Pan balance & gram pieces
Triple Beam Balance
Electronic balance
Metric Units
What is mass?Mass is the amount of matter in an object.
The base unit of mass in the metric system in the gram and is represented by g.
Metric Units
1 Kilogram (km) = 1000 Grams (g)
1 Gram (g) = 1000 Milligrams (mg)
Find the mass of a crayon?
What is it?
About 5 grams
Click the image to watch a short video
about mass.
Adapted from T. Trimpe 2008 http://sciencespot.net/
Qualitative ObservationsClass Results
• Sight • Touch
• Hearing
• SmellQuantitative Observations
• Mass• Length
Department of Mathematics and Science
What tools do scientists use to measure volume?
• Measuring cups
• Graduated cylinders
• Beakers
• Measuring spoons
• Rulers or meter sticks or tape measures
Metric Units
What is volume?Volume is the amount of space an object takes up.
The base unit of volume in the metric system in the liter and is represented by L or l.
Metric Units1 liter (L) = 1000 milliliters (mL)
1 milliliter (mL) = 1 cm3 (or cc) = 1 gram (with water)
*Which is larger?A. 1 liter or 1500 milliliters
B. 200 milliliters or 1.2 liters
Click the image to watch a short
video about volume.
/Adapted from T. Trimpe 2008 http://sciencespot.net
Measuring Volume
Graduated cylinders are tools used to find the volume of liquids. Here’s how:
Read the measurement based on the bottom of the meniscus or curve.* When using a real cylinder, make sure you are eye-level with the level of the water.
What is the volume of water in the cylinder?
*What causes the meniscus?
43 mL
The liquid in the graduated cylinder generally tends to stick to the sides of the cylinder. That is why for water and similar liquids we read the bottom.
Adapted from T. Trimpe 2008 http://sciencespot.net
Measuring Volume of Liquids
What is the volume of liquid in each cylinder?
52 mL 37 mL22.5mL
Adapted from T. Trimpe 2008 http://sciencespot.net
Measuring Volume of Solids
10 cm
9 cm
8 cm
What tool can be used to measure the volume of an object with the shape of a rectangular prism?
We can measure using a ruler and the formula:
length ___ x width ___ x height ___ = ______ cm3
What can be used to measure the volume of irregular shaped object (rock) ?
water displacement using a graduated cylinder
Amount of H2O with object = ______
About of H2O without object = ______Difference = (rock) Volume = ______
Adapted from T. Trimpe 2008 http://sciencespot.net
What tools do scientists use to measure weight?
• Spring Scale
• Pan Scale
What is weight?
• Weight is the measure of the pull of gravity on an object.
What units are used to measure weight?• Newtons (N) and grams (g)
What tools do scientists use to measure temperature?
Thermometers
What is temperature?
• Temperature is a measure of how hot or cold something is.
• It is the measure of the heat or thermal energy in a substance.
• It is the average speed of the particles in a substance.
Measuring Temperature
• There are two different scales we will use to measure temperature.
• Fahrenheit scale – water freezes at 320 and boils at 2120F
• Celsius (centigrade) scale- water freezes at 00C and boils at 1000C
Click on the hyperlink below for an Interactive Thermometer
Department of Mathematics and Science
Brain Check Quiz # 1
Measurement Tool
1. Ruler /Tape Measure
2. Balance
3. Spring Scale
4. Graduated cylinder
5. Thermometer
Tool Use (Property Measured)
A. MassB. TemperatureC. Length D. WeightE. Volume of a liquid
Department of Mathematics and Science
Brain Check Quiz # 2
Measurement Tool
1. Ruler /Tape Measure
2. Balance
3. Spring Scale
4. Graduated Cylinder
5. Thermometer
Metric Unit
A. CentimetersB. Degrees CelsiusC. NewtonsD. GramsE. Milliliters
Journal Entry: How does measurement help us learn about the world?
Scientists at Work: What do you see when you observe the apple?
Write in your notebook.Look over the list you made. Are they all observations?Remember, observations use the senses to gather information. Is there anything on the list that is what you think or infer?
Department of Mathematics and Science
Senses Observations Inferences
Compare and Contrast
Observation InferencesTo infer is to use observations to reach a conclusion based on evidence.
OpinionA personal belief that does not need proof.
To observe is to look closely at something using any of the five senses and/or measurement tools.
Department of Mathematics and Science
Observations versus Inferences
Make 3 Observations Make 3 inferences
Scientists at Work: Write one observation, one inference and one opinion about what you see in the photo.
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Scientists at Work: Classify Objects
Look at the shells in this photograph. What are some ways you could group them by their properties?
Department of Mathematics and Science
Classify Objects
1. You and a partner get a set of objects.2. Identify properties the objects share.3. Organize them into categories (groups) by ways they are similar or related.4. Take notes.5. Show your objects placed in classification groups with another pair of students. 6. Ask them to infer how you classified the objects.7. Together, try other ways to classify the objects.8. Discuss when each method could be useful.
Department of Mathematics and Science
Scientists Communicate in Many Ways
• Giving talks• Sharing drawing• Making posters• Making charts or graphs• Writing papers or
articles
• Telephoning• Emailing• Texting• Blogging• Body Language• Using Models• Message boards
List several ways to communicate.
Department of Mathematics and Science
A. Putting things into definite categories by common propertiesB. Looking/watching things with a purpose
C. Using reasoning to draw conclusions
D. Describing and sharing information with others
E. Thinking ahead about what might happen
F. Using tools to make precise or specific information with numbers
1. Observing
2. Predicting
3. Measuring
4. Classifying
5. Inferring
6. Communicating
Practicing Science Processes Match Up
Department of Mathematics and Science
Brain Check Quiz # 31. Collecting information using the senses2. To put thing in groups3. Collecting information using measurement tools4. The sharing of information5. An idea or a conclusion based on an observation6. The study of the natural world7. A personal belief or judgment8. Facts and information collected
A. evidence
B. scienceC. qualitative observationsD. quantitative observations
E. inference
F. opinion
G. classify
H. communication
Department of Mathematics and Science
Apply Concepts
1. Compare these two animals. List how they look similar and different.
2. Imagine you are on a camping trip. Upon waking up you notice a garbage can tipped over outside your cabin. Plastic bags are torn open. What could you infer? Give evidence for your claim.
Scientist Bio-Poem
Line 1: List Scientist’s first name _____________Line 2: Complete: Scientist who studies _____________Line 3: List 3 adjectives that describe the scientist ____________ ___________ ____________Line 4: Complete: Who works at ______________Line 5: Complete: Who learned by _____________Line 6: Complete: Who found that _____________Line 7: Complete: Who would like to see _________Line 8: List Scientist’s Last name ______________
Division of Mathematics and Science
Scientist Bio-PoemSally
Scientist who studied spaceCurious, hardworking, a ground breaker
Who worked at NASAWho learned by studying aviation and engineering
Who found that helping others is rewardingWho would like to see more females and minorities
in the field of scienceRide
Division of Mathematics and Science