department of physics and astronomy ©m.a.barstow – 2009 telescopes for high energy astrophysics

DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS AND ASTRONOMY

©M.A.Barstow – 2009

Telescopes for High Energy Telescopes for High Energy AstrophysicsAstrophysics



A bit of historyA bit of history Playing billiards with photonsPlaying billiards with photons An example: Swift gamma ray burst An example: Swift gamma ray burst

missionmission A new, more efficient techniqueA new, more efficient technique The J-PEX mission The J-PEX mission


Rocket Payload (1962)Rocket Payload (1962)

Geiger Counters


Gas Counters on SatellitesGas Counters on Satellites

Ariel 1 – 1962Ariel 1 – 1962– Solar and ionospheric satellite Solar and ionospheric satellite

observatoryobservatory Late 1960s – birth of X-ray Late 1960s – birth of X-ray

AstronomyAstronomy Ariel 5 – 1975, first UK X-ray Ariel 5 – 1975, first UK X-ray

satellitesatellite


Grazing X-ray telescopesGrazing X-ray telescopes

Wolter mirror

©M.A.Barstow – 2009 6

TechniquesTechniques Two candidates Two candidates

– Replicated shells… used for XMMReplicated shells… used for XMM– Square pore optics manufactured from glass or SiSquare pore optics manufactured from glass or Si


Si Technology (ESTEC)Si Technology (ESTEC)


Coded Aperture ImagingCoded Aperture Imaging

Source casts Source casts gamma-ray shadowgamma-ray shadowon detectoron detector

Location of shadowLocation of shadowyields location of yields location of sourcesource

Coded aperture Coded aperture mask pattern mask pattern

5mm square Pb tiles5mm square Pb tiles


Swift Mission ConceptSwift Mission Concept

Gammay ray burst Gammay ray burst studiesstudies

Wide field gamma-Wide field gamma-ray imagerray imager

Sensitive narrow Sensitive narrow field X-ray and UV-field X-ray and UV-Optical instruments Optical instruments to follow the to follow the afterglowafterglow

BAT

XRT

Spacecraft

UVOT

BAT

UVOT

XRT


Burst Alert Telescope (BAT)Burst Alert Telescope (BAT)

BAT Characteristics

BAT Detector Array

Coded Aperture Mask

••

•

•


BAT

XRT

UVOT

SWIFT Optical Bench


BAT Burst Image

T~10 sec

Observing ScenarioObserving Scenario

BAT Error Circle

XRT Image

T~100 sec T~300 sec

UVOT Image


X-Ray Telescope X-Ray Telescope


XRT Data XRT Data

Cas A: (13 ks)


TThe J-PEX he J-PEX SSpectrometerpectrometer

Ion etched, blazed grating.MoSi multilayers for high reflectionSpherical figure, 2.2m focal length


Telescope apertureTelescope aperture


Rocket Rocket OperationsOperations


White SandsWhite SandsMissile RangeMissile RangeT-minus 2 T-minus 2 weeksweeks

-64-60 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 40 60 67

-12

0

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146

Terrier-Black Brant (MOD2) 36.195 DG/Cruddace

1095.2# P/L,86.5o QE, 001.7o AZ, Athena, WSMR

East-West Range - km Figure 5-1. WSMR Impact Map

Nor

th-S

outh

Ran

ge -

km

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60 70 80 90 100

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Carlton TV ©


Cut Down!Cut Down!

The payload The payload functioned wellfunctioned well

We did not get We did not get any dataany data

We recovered the We recovered the telescope intacttelescope intact

Chance to fly Chance to fly againagain -64-60 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 40 60 67

-12

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40

60

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90

100

120

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146

Terrier-Black Brant (MOD2) 36.195 DG/Cruddace

1095.2# P/L,86.5o QE, 001.7o AZ, Athena, WSMR

East-West Range - km Figure 5-1. WSMR Impact Map

Nor

th-S

outh

Ran

ge -

km

0

20

40

60 70 80 90 100

120

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NASA/WSMR


Black Brant burnoutBlack Brant burnoutDespinDespinPayload SeparationPayload SeparationPayload door openPayload door openPayload switch onPayload switch onGo to SiriusGo to SiriusDetector door openDetector door openGo to CapellaGo to CapellaBlind offset > G191-B2BBlind offset > G191-B2BTelescope onTelescope onTelescope/payload offTelescope/payload offBlack Brant impactBlack Brant impactParachute deploymentParachute deploymentPayload impactPayload impact

T + 50T + 50T + 60T + 60T + 70T + 70T + 80T + 80T + 90T + 90T + 100T + 100T + 110T + 110T + 120T + 120T + 130T + 130T + 140T + 140T + 150T + 150T + 160T + 160T + 170T + 170T + 180T + 180T + 190T + 190T + 200T + 200T + 250T + 250T + 300T + 300T + 350T + 350T + 400T + 400T + 450T + 450T + 520T + 520T + 610T + 610T + 860T + 860


Carlton TV ©


Nitrogen IV Oxygen IVHelium II


ConclusionConclusion

We have obtained the We have obtained the bestbest X-ray X-ray spectrum ever!spectrum ever!

This shows that there This shows that there isis helium helium present present in in interstellar spaceinterstellar space and possibly in the and possibly in the starstar

ThirdThird J-PEX flight J-PEX flight October 2008 October 2008 Hopefully Hopefully a a satellitesatellite missio missionn


Flight 3 – October 21Flight 3 – October 21stst 2008 2008


APEX/SAGEAPEX/SAGE

DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS AND ASTRONOMY



department of physics and astronomy ©m.a.barstow – 2009 telescopes for high energy astrophysics

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