Department of Politics Comparative Politics

2006-8

General Examination Reading List

The general examination in comparative politics is based on a shared reading list. The purpose of the list is to help identify the most important topic areas and theoretical debates in comparative politics and provide a very basic “toolbox,” a repertoire of important intellectual strategies. The list reflects the plurality of perspectives in the field. It is not meant to be exhaustive but only to act as a basic roadmap. There are many good books and articles not on the list, of course, and we expect students to take courses and read more broadly in the themes on which they focus. It is thoroughly appropriate to mention these additional sources in answer to a general question, in addition to showing familiarity with the ideas represented here. The “Princetonians” sections are optional, but it is sometimes useful to know the contributions your own faculty members have made!

To prepare for the exam, those for whom comparative politics is a major field should acquaint themselves with “Paradigms & Research Methods” as well as four of the other six major sections. (That is, each student may omit two of the major sections and still be adequately prepared.) It is worth remembering that in real life, as in the exam, most problems require integration of ideas across sections.

To be “conversant” with the material means demonstrating the ability to compare and contrast alternative plausible explanations/theories in answer to some of the important questions in the sub-field. The format of the exam is similar to discussion papers in the gateway seminar, Politics 521. Central to success are 1) capacity to identify and use theories relevant to the question posed, 2) specificity, including ability to recount the “story line” that links causes to effects, and 3) originality. “Originality” may mean many things, including demonstrated ability to integrate disparate material, to use explanations to help understand a new problem (including your own research interests), or to extend and revise explanations in the literature.

Graduate students have the option to take one of their additional examinations in the politics of a region in which they will specialize. The reading lists for these exams are developed by faculty members in the area of interest in conjunction with the student.

Section I Paradigms & Methods Section II States & Regimes

State Formation Theories of Political Development Political Regimes & Democratization Section III Institutions Executives, Assemblies & Courts Unitary Government, Federalism, & Decentralization Bureaucracy Section IV. Participation and Collective Action Rebellion, Revolution, & Violence Participation, Collective Action, and Social Movements Interest Groups, Lobbying, and Interest Intermediation Section V Electoral Politics Electoral Systems Voting and Party Systems Section VI Political Culture, Identity Politics, and Nationalism Political Culture & Political Attitudes

Ethnicity, Identity Politics, and Nationalism

Section VII Policy & Political Economy Politics of Policy Choice/Introduction to Political Economy Political Economy of Advanced Industrial Countries Political Economy of Development

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Section I Paradigms & Research Methods

John Stuart Mill. “How We Compare,” in A System of Logic, Book VI, chapter

10, New York: Harper, 1846. Theory, Concepts, Measurement Arthur L. Stinchcombe. “The Logic of Scientific Inference” from Constructing

Social Theories. Harcourt, Brace & World, Inc. New York, pp. 15-38. Adam Przeworski and Henry Teune. “Comparative Research and Social Science

Theory” from The Logic of Comparative Social Inquiry. New York: Wiley Scientific, 1970, pp. 17-30.

Jon Elster. Nuts and Bolts for the Social Sciences. (Some students have indicated that they find Daniel Little, Microfoundations, Method, and Causation more useful.)

Giovanni Sartori, “Concept Misformation in Comparative Politics,” APSR, 64:4: 1033-53. Charles Judd, Eliot Smith, and Louise Kidder, “Maximizing Construct Validity” and

“Measurement: From Abstract Concepts to Concrete Representations,” in Research Methods in Social Research

Theory-Building Strategies or Paradigms Gabriel Almond. “Introduction: A Functional Approach to Comparative Politics,” in Almond and Coleman, The Politics of Developing Areas.

Gabriel Almond, “The Development of Political Development,” in Myron Weiner and Samuel Huntington, eds., Understanding Political Development, 1987, pp. 437-478.

Robert Bates. “Macropolitical Economy in the Field of Development,” from James

Alt and Kenneth Shepsle, Perspectives on Positive Political Economy

Graham Allison, “Conceptual Models and the Cuban Missile Crisis,” American Political Science Review, 63, 3 (1969): 689-718.

Kenneth A. Shepsle, "Studying Institutions: Some Lessons from the Rational Choice Approach,"

Journal of Theoretical Politics 1, 2 (April 1989), 131-147. Kenneth Shepsle. “Statistical Political Philosophy and Positive Political Theory,” From Jeffrey Friedman, ed., The Rational Choice Controversy. Donald Green and Ian Shapiro, Pathologies of Rational Choice, chapter 5. Theda Skocpol and Margaret Somers, “The Uses of Comparative History in Macrosocial

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Inquiry,” Comparative Studies in Society and History, 22, 2 (April 1980): 174-197.

Sven Steinmo, Kathleen Thelen, and Frank Longstreth, eds., Structuring Politics: Historical

Institutionalism in Comparative Analysis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992, ch. 1.

Peter Hall and Rosemary Taylor. “Political Science and the Three New

Institutionalisms,” Political Studies 44 (December 1996): 936-958. Louis Mink, “The Autonomy of Historical Understanding,” History and Theory 5: 30-47 or

another selection that explains the difference between historical reasoning and social science reasoning.

Albert O. Hirschman, “Paradigms as a Hindrance to Understanding,” World Politics, 22,

3 (1970): 329-343. Types of Research Designs

Adam Przeworski and Henry Teune. “Research Designs,” from The Logic of Comparative Social Inquiry. New York: Wiley Scientific, 1970, pp. 31-47.

Earl Babbie, “Types of Study Design,” from Survey Research Methods or for a more sustained and interesting discussion see Donald T. Campbell and Julian Stanley, Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Designs for Research, Houghton Mifflin,

first published 1963 and reissued as a reprint recently or Stephen van Evera. Guide to Methods for Students of Political Science, Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1997.

On uses of randomized trials in the social sciences, see the MIT Poverty Action Lab research site on the web and go to “randomization” (theory and examples) Methods of Data Collection

Earl Babbie, Survey Research Methods, chapters 3,4,5.

Alexander L. George and Andrew Bennett. Case Studies and Theory Development In the Social Sciences. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2005, at least chapter 1, Part II,

and chapter 8. Clifford Geertz. “Thick Description: Toward an Interpretive Theory of Culture,” in Geertz, The Interpretation of Cultures. New York: Basic Books: 3-30. Selected Special Issues in Theory and Research Design a. Endogeneity and Path Dependence Paul Pierson. “Increasing Returns, Path Dependence, and the Study of Politics,” American Political Science Review, 94, 2 (June 2000). Ruth Berins Collier and David Collier. Shaping the Political Arena. Princeton:

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Princeton University Press, chapter one on critical junctures. Gary King, Robert Keohane, and Sidney Verba. Designing Social Inquiry, pp. 185-196.

b. Selection Bias

Barbara Geddes, “How the Cases You Choose Affect the Answers You Get: Selection Bias in Comparative Politics,” in Political Analysis, edited by James Stimson, v. 2 Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1990: 131-149. (optional) Gary King, Robert Keohane and Sidney Verba, Designing Social Inquiry. Princeton: Princeton University Press, pp. 129-132. David Collier, James Mahoney, and Jason Seawright. “Claiming Too Much: Warnings About Selection Bias,” in Henry Brady and David Collier, eds., Rethinking

Social Inquiry. Oxford: Rowman & Littlefield, 2004, pp. 85-86, 88-92, 94-5, 100-101.

c. Analytic Narratives Robert Bates, et. al. Analytic Narratives. Princeton: Princeton University Press, chapter One and conclusion plus Jon Elster, “Rational Choice History: A Case of Excessive Ambition,” American Political Science Review, 94,3 (Sept. 2000), Bates et. al. reply in same and/or Daniel Carpenter, “Commentary: What is the Marginal value of Analytic Narratives?” Social Science History, 24, 4 (winter 2000). d. Counter-factuals James Fearon, “Counterfactuals and Hypothesis Testing in Political Science,” World Politics

e. Is there a Distinctive Comparative Method? David Collier, “Comparative Politics and Comparative Method,” in Dankwart Rustow and Kenneth Paul Erickson, eds., Comparative Political Dynamics

Gary King, Robert Keohane and Sidney Verba, Designing Social Inquiry. Princeton:

Princeton University Press, 1994, chapters 1-3 especially plus “Symposium on Qualitative-Quantitative Disputation” (reviews of KKV) American Political

Science Review, June 1995. Charles Ragin. The Comparative Method: Moving Beyond Qualitative and Quantitative Strategies, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1987, Chapters? Area Studies and the Discipline Robert H. Bates, “Area Studies and the Discipline: A Useful Controversy?” PS: Political

Science and Politics, pp. 166-169. Peter A. Hall and Sidney Tarrow, “Globalization and Area Studies: When Is Too Broad Too Narrow?” Chronicle of Higher Education, January 23, 1998, B5.

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Princetonians (not required)

Atul Kohli, et. al., “The Role of Theory in Comparative Politics: A Symposium, World Politics, October 1995, pp. 1-15, 37-49.

Evan S. Lieberman, "Nested Analysis as a Mixed-Method Strategy for Comparative

Research," American Political Science Review 99 (August 2005), 435-452

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Section II States & Regimes

II.A. State Formation A Useful Metaphor?

Charles Tilly, “War Making and State Making as Organized Crime, “in Bringing the State Back In

Mancur Olson. “The Criminal Metaphor,” from Power and Prosperity. NY: Basic Books, 2000,

pp. 3-24. Theories of State Formation

Charles Tilly. The Formation of National States in Western Europe. (read enough to get the basic ideas)

Hendrick Spruyt. The Sovereign State and Its Competitors. Princeton: Princeton University

Press, 1994. Charles Tilly. Coercion, Capital, and the European States. Cambridge: Blackwell, 1990, pp. 1-3, 16-23, 25-26, 28-32, 71-75, 94-95, 99-103, 187-191.

Stephen Krasner. Sovereignty. Princeton: Princeton University Press, chapters 1 and 2 or the argument’s earlier manifestation in Stephen Krasner. “Approaches to the State: Alternative Conceptions and Historical Dynamics,” Comparative Politics, 16, January 1984: 223-246.

Albert Hirschman, “Exit, Voice, and the State,” World Politics, 31, 1 (1978): 90-107.

Weak States

Joel Migdal. “Strong States, Weak States,” in Myron Weiner and Samuel Huntington, Understanding Political Development. Illinois: Scott Foresman/Little Brown, 1987.

Robert Jackman and Carl Rosberg, “Why Africa’s Weak States Persist: The Empirical and the

Juridical in Statehood,” World Politics, 1982: 1-24. Jeffrey Herbst. States and Power in Africa. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2000,

Chapters 2 and 5 (other sections are optional; 2 and 5 are most central)

The Rentier State Michael Ross, “Does Oil Hinder Democracy?” World Politics, April 2001. (Do states that fund government through resource windfalls behave differently from other states? Look for the rentier state argument summarized in this article.) MacCartan Humphreys, “Natural Resources, Conflict, and Conflict Resolution: Uncovering the Mechanisms,” Journal of Conflict Resolution, 49, 4 (2005): 508-

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537.

Challenges

Richard Cooper, “Economic Interdependence and Foreign Policy in the Seventies,” World Politics 24 (1972): 159-181.

David Held, et. al., excerpts from Global Transformations. Stanford, CA: Stanford University

Press, 1999.

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II.B. Theories of Political Development Modernization Theory

Daniel Lerner. The Passing of Traditional Society. Glencoe, Ill.: Free Press, 1958, chapter 1. Karl Deutsch, “Social Mobilization and Political Development,” in Jason Finkle and Richard

Gable, eds., Political Development and Social Change, 1971, pp. 384-401. Seymour Martin Lipset. Political Man: The Social Bases of Politics. Garden City, N.Y.:

Doubleday, 1960, chapter 2. Alex Inkeles, “The Modernization of Man,” in Myron Weiner, ed., Modernization, New York:

Basic Books, 1966: 138-150 (not essential but presents a stark version of the argument) Ronald Inglehart. Modernization and Postmodernization. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1997…skim for main points. A contemporary version of

modernization theory? Or Ronald Inglehart and Wayne Baker. “Modernization, Globalization, and the Persistence of Tradition: Empirical Evidence from 65 Societies,” American Sociological Review, 65 (2000): 19-51.

Critics Part 1: Institutionalization & order…

Samuel Huntington. Political Order in Changing Societies, 1968, pp. 1-92 and 344-461. Samuel P. Huntington and Joan M. Nelson. No Easy Choice: Political Participation in

Developing Countries. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1976 (be generally familiar with the argument, which expands on portions of Political Order in Changing Societies)

Critics Part 2: Marx and His Successors: Marxism and Dependency Theory as Alternative Theories of Political Development

Karl Marx. The Communist Manifesto or some other version of Marx’s argument. J. Samuel Valenzuela and Arturo Valenzuela, “Modernization and Dependency: Alternative

Perspectives in the Study of Latin American Underdevelopment,” Comparative Politics, 10, 4 (July 1978): 535-552.

Fernando Henrique Cardozo and Enzo Faletto, Dependency and Development in Latin America,

University of California Press, 1979, pp. viii-xxv, 177-216. Andre Gunder Frank, “The Development of Underdevelopment,” in The Political Economy of

Development and Underdevelopment, 109-120. Thomas Bierstecker. Distortion or Development? Cambridge: MIT Press, 1978 (chapter 1 and summary charts…an effort to phrase dependency theory as a series of empirically testable

hypotheses)

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Tony Smith, “The Underdevelopment of Development Literature: The Case of Dependency Theory,” World Politics 31 (January 1979): 247-288.

Robert Packenham. The Dependency Movement: Scholarship and Politics in Development

Studies. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1992, enough to get the general idea.

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II.C. Political Regimes and Democratization Regimes

Aristotle, from The Politics. Book 4, iv, x, xii and Book 5 vi. Robert Dahl. Polyarchy: Participation and Opposition. New Haven:

Yale University Press, 1971.

Juan Linz, “Totalitarian and Authoritarian Regimes,” in Fred Greenstein and Nelson Polsby, eds., Handbook of Political Science, 3 (1975): 191-357.

Carl Friedrich and Zbigniew Brzezinski. Totalitarian Dictatorship and Autocracy. (1965), pp.

14-29. Samuel Huntington, “Social and Institutional Dynamics of One-Party Systems,” in S. P

Huntington and C. H. Moore, ed., Authoritarian Politics in Modern Society (1970): 3-44. Alfred Stepan. Rethinking Military Politics. (There is an extensive literature on military coups, much of which is not reflected here) Joseph Schumpeter. Capitalism, Socialism, & Democracy. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1947 (focus on the definition of democracy and compare to Dahl) Democratization

Seymour Martin Lipset. “Some Social Requisites of Democracy,” American Political Science Review, 1959.

Barrington Moore. Social Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy. 1968 (see also or as a

reader’s guide: Theda Skocpol, “A Critical Review of Barrington Moore’s Social Politics and Society, fall 1973) Dietrich Rueschemeyer, Evelyne Huber Stephens, and John Stephens. Capitalist Development

and Democracy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1992, chapters 1, 2, and 3.

Adam Przeworski, “Democracy as a Contingent Outcome of Conflicts,” pp. 59-80 from Jon Elster and Rune Slagstad, eds., Constitutionalism and Democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988.

Guillermo O’Donnell and Philippe C. Schmitter, “Negotiating (and Renegotiating) Pacts,” from Transitions from Authoritarian Rule: Tentative Conclusions about Uncertain Democracies. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1986.

Samuel Huntington. The Third Wave: Democratization in the Late Twentieth Century. Norman, Okla.: University of Oklahoma Press, 1991, pp. xiii-xv, chapters 1-4.* Robert Bates, “The Impulse to Reform,” in Jennifer Widner, ed., Economic Change and

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Political Liberalization in Sub-Saharan Africa. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1994.

Eva Bellin. “The Robustness of Authoritarianism in the Middle East: A Comparative Perspective,” Comparative Politics, 36, 2 (2004): 139-157. A Current Debate Adam Przeworski et. al. Democracy and Development. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000. Chapter 2. Carles Boix and Susan Stokes, “Endogenous Democratization,” World Politics, 58, 4 (July 2003): 517-549.

Consolidation and Democratic Breakdown

Juan J. Linz and Alfred Stepan. Problems of Democratic Transition and Consolidation: Southern Europe, South America, and Post-Communist Europe. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press, 1996. pp. 1-65. A short version of some of the main claims appears in “Toward Consolidation,” Journal of Democracy, 7, 2 (1996): 14-33.

Larry Diamond. Developing Democracy: Toward Consolidation. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins

University Press, 1999, chapters 3-6 (not very theoretical but lays out some of the issues)

Nancy Bermeo. Ordinary People in Extraordinary Times: The Citizenry and the Breakdown of Democracy. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2003. As much as necessary to get the argument.

Does it Matter?

Robert Michels. Political Parties: A Sociological Study of the Oligarchical Tendencies of Modern Democracy. 1951, just enough to get the drift of the argument.

Vilfredo Pareto, chapter on in Lewis Coser, Masters of Sociological Thought. Plus one example of the recent analyses of the effects of democracy on governmental accountability, such as the arguments set forth by Amartya Sen, David Stasavage, etc. Relevant selections appear later in the list. Princetonians (not required) Carles Boix, Democracy and Redistribution. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2003, pp. 1-17 and 19-59 plus as much more as wish to understand argument. John Londregan. “Does High Income Promote Democracy?” World Politics, 49, 1 (1996): 1-30 (with Keith Poole)

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Jennifer Widner. “Political Reform in Anglophone and Francophone African Countries,” in Jennifer Widner, ed., Economic Change and Political Liberalization in Sub-Saharan Africa. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1994, pp. 49-79.

Deborah Yashar. Demanding Democracy: Reform and Reaction in Costa Rica and Guatemala. Stanford University Press, 1997. Ellen Lust-Okar and Amaney Jamal. “Regimes and Rules: Reassessing the Influence of Regime

Type on Electoral Law Formation,” Comparative Political Studies, 35, 3 (2002).

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Section III Institutions

III.A. Executives, Assemblies, and Courts The Federalist Papers. Executives and assemblies

Juan J. Linz, “Presidential or Parliamentary Democracy: Does it Make a Difference?” from The Failure of Presidential Democracy. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins

University Press, pp. 3-48 (essay is longer but focus on this section).

Stepan and Skach. “Constitutional Frameworks and Democratic Consolidation: Presidentialism versus Parliamentarism,” World Politics, 46 October 1993.

Matthew Shugart and John Carey. Presidents and Assemblies. Cambridge University

Press.

Michael Laver and Kenneth Shepsle. “Government Accountability in Parliamentary Democracy,” in Democracy, Accountability, and Representation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999: 279-96.

Kaare Strom. “Delegation and Accountability in Parliamentary Democracies,” European

Journal of Political Research, 37 (2000): 261-89.

Matthew Soberg Shugart and Stephan Haggard. “Institutions and Public Policy In Presidential Systems,” from Stephan Haggard and Mathew McCubbins, eds., Presidents, Parliaments, and Policy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 64-102.

George Tsebelis, “Decision Making in Political Systems: Veto Players in Presidentialism,

Parliamentarism, Multicameralism and Multipartism,” British Journal of Political Science 25, 3 (July 1995), 289-325.

Courts

John Ferejohn and Pasquale Pasquino. “The Rule of Democracy and the Rule of Law,” in Jose Maria Maravall and Adam Przeworski, eds., Democracy and the Rule of Law. Cambridge, 2003.

Owen Fiss, “The Right Degree of Independence,” from Irwin Stotsky, The Transition to

Democracy in Latin America: The Role of the Judiciary William Landes and Richard Posner, The Independent Judiciary in an Interest Group

Perspective,” Journal of Law and Economics, 18, 3 (1975): 875-901. Mark Ramseyer and Eric Rasmusen. “Why are Japanese Judges So Conservative in Politically

Charged Cases?” American Political Science Review, 95, 2 (June 2001): 331-44. Princetonians (not required)

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John Londregan. Legislative Institutions and Ideology in Chile.

Jennifer Widner, Building the Rule of Law. New York: W.W. Norton, 2001.

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III. B. Unitary Government, Federalism, & Decentralization A classic and a commentary

Alexis de Tocqueville. Democracy in America. author’s introduction, vol. 1 part 1 chapters 5-6 and last 3 sections of 8; vol. 1 part 2 chapter 6 sections 4-3; vol. 2 part 2 chapters 1-13; vol. 2 part 3 chapters 1-4, 13-14, 19. Jon Elster, “Consequences of Constitutional Choice: Reflections on Tocqueville,” pp. 81-99 in Jon Elster and Rune Slagstad, eds., Constitutionalism and Democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988. Federalism & Decentralization James Madison. The Federalist Papers, 10 and 51.

William Riker, Federalism: Origin, Operation, Significance. Boston: Little, Brown, 1964, chapters 1 and 2.

Jonathan Rodden. “Comparative Federalism and Decentralization: On Meaning and

Measurement,” Comparative Politics. 36, 4 (2004). (skim if time)

Alfred Stepan. “Toward a New Comparative Politics of Federalism, (Multi)Nationalism, and Democracy: Beyond Rikerian Federalism,” pp. 315-361 in Arguing Comparative Politics. New York: Oxford University Press, 2001.

Jenna Bednar, William N. Eskridge, Jr., and John Ferejohn, “A Political Theory of Federalism,” Constitutional Culture and Democratic Rule, edited by John Ferejohn, John Riley, and Jack N. Rakove. New York: Cambridge University Press, 223-267.

Jonathan Rodden and Erik Wibbels. “Beyond the Fiction of Federalism: Macroeconomic

Management in Multitiered Systems,” World Politics, 54, 4 (2002).

Majoritarian v. Consensual Combinations

Kenneth McRae, ed. Consociational Democracy: Political Accommodation in Segmented Societies Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1974, pp. 2-27, 70-106, and 137-149 (includes a selection from Lijphart, who borrowed the idea from Calhoun and used it to explain patterns in the Netherlands)

Arend Lijphart. Patterns of Democracy: Government Forms and Performance in

Thirty-Six Countries. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1999, chapters 1-3 and as many of the subsequent chapters as required to distill the main findings and limitations.

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III. C. Bureaucracy Origins and Logics

Max Weber, “Bureaucracy,” in Gerth & Mills, eds., Essays from Max Weber and Reinhard Bendix, Max Weber, pp. 285-307 and 324-457.

Oliver Williamson, “Markets and Hierarchies: Some Preliminary Considerations,” American Economic Review, 63 (1973): 316-325. Charles Lindblom. Politics and Markets. New York: Basic Books, 1977, 3-89, 161-200. James Q. Wilson. Bureaucracy.

Variations in Form Silberman. Cages of Reason. As much as necessary to get the argument.

Stephen Skowronek. Building a New American State. Chapters 1-4, 6, and 7. Bureaucratic Accountability and Autonomy

Terry Moe. “The New Economics of Organization,” American Journal of Political Science, 28 (1984): 739-777.

Mat McCubbins, Roger Noll, and Barry Weingast, “Administrative Procedures as Instruments

of Political Control,” Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization (1990). William Niskanen. Bureaucracy and Representative Government.

World Bank. World Development Report 2004. Delivering Services to the Poor.

Daniel Carpenter. The Forging of Bureaucratic Autonomy. Princeton; Princeton University

Press, 2001, pp. 1-47, 326-367, and either the USDA example or the post office example. John Huber and Charles Shipan, Deliberate Discretion: The Institutional Foundations of

Bureaucratic Autonomy. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2003, chapters 1,2, and 4.

Princetonians (not required) Ezra Suleiman. Dismantling Democratic States.

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Section IV Participation & Collective Action

IV.A. Rebellion, Revolution, and Violence Types & Trends Charles Tilly, The Politics of Collective Violence. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003, chapters 1, 3, and 10 (you may find it useful to read more)* Dynamics of Rebellion

Ted Robert Gurr, “The Revolution-Social Change Nexus,” Comparative Politics, 5 (April 1973), pp. 359-392. The Scott-Popkin debate: James Scott, The Moral Economy of the Peasant and Samuel

Popkin, The Rational Peasant. (enough of each to get the idea) James S. Coleman. “Collective Behavior” and “Revoking Authority” in Foundations of

Social Theory. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1990. Paul Collier. “Doing Well Out of War: An Economic Perspective,” pp. 91-112 in Mats Berdal and David M. Malone, eds. Greed & Greivance: Economic Agendas in Civil Wars. Boulder: Lynne Rienner. Mark Lichbach. The Rebel’s Dilemma. (enough to get the argument) Albert Hirschman and Michael Rothschild. “The Changing Tolerance for Income

Inequality in the Course of Economic Development,” Quarterly Journal of Economics, 87, 4 (1973): 544-566. (skip the formal model at the end; skim) Jeremy Weinstein. Inside Rebellion. Cambridge University Press, 2006.

Revolution

Karl Marx. The 18th Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte. (enough to get the idea) Barrington Moore, Jr. Social Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy. Boston: Beacon Press,

1966; and Theda Skocpol, “A Critical Review of Barrington Moore’s Social Origins.” Politics and Society, 4 (Fall 1973), pp. 1-34.

Theda Skocpol. States and Social Revolutions. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press,

1979: 3-42, 161-171, and chapters 4, 5, or 6. James DeNardo. Power in Numbers. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1985: introduction and chapters 1-2, 5, and 9-11 (don’t worry about following the equations; reading the bits in between is fine)

Timur Kuran. “Now Out of Never: The Element of Surprise in the East European

Revolution of 1989,” World Politics, 44, 1 (October 1991).

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Susanne Lohmann, “The Dynamics of Informational Cascades: The Monday Demonstrations in Leipzig, East Germany, 1989-91,” World Politics, 47 (October 1994) (enough to get the idea)

Gary King, Robert Keohane and Sidney Verba, Designing Social Inquiry. Princeton: Princeton University Press, pp. 129-132. Hidden Forms of Resistance James Scott. Weapons of the Weak, preface and chapters 1, 2, and 8. Eric Hobsbawm. Primitive Rebels (suggested but not required) Nationalist Violence

Peter Gourevitch. “Politics, Economics and the Reemergence of Peripheral Nationalisms: Some Comparative Speculations," Comparative Studies in Society and History (July, 1979).

Jack Snyder. From Voting to Violence: Democratization and Nationalist Conflict. NY:

W.W. Norton, 2000, chapter 1 pp. 15-44.

James Fearon. “Ethnic Mobilization and Ethnic Violence,” review chapter in Handbook of Political Science, 2006. (You may wish to read some of the items referenced

In this essay if identity politics is something you plan to study.) Ashutosh Varshney. Ethnic Conflict & Civic Life. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2002, pp. 5-15 or enough to get the general argument. Princetonians (not required)

Lynn White. Policies of Chaos: The Organizational Causes of Violence in China’s Cultural Revolution. Princeton University Press, 1989.

Mark Beissinger. Nationalist Mobilization and the Collapse of the Soviet State.

Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002, pp. 1-32, 104-146.

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IV. B. Participation, Collective Action & Social Movements Who Votes?

John Aldrich. “Rational Choice and Turnout,” American Journal of Political Science, 37 (1993): 246-278 and on the turnout debate, Jackman, Robert W. 1987. “Political Institutions and Voter Turnout in the Industrial Democracies.” American Political Science Review Vol. 81:405-23 plus Powell, G Bingham. 1986. “American Voter Turnout in Comparative Perspective.” American Political Science Review Vol. 80 No. 1 (March):17-43.

Sidney Verba, Norman Nie and Jae-On Kim. Participation and Political Equality: A Seven

Nation Comparison (1978), chapters 1-7, 13, 14. (flawed but important to know the main ideas)

Collective Action v. Collective Behavior Mancur Olson. The Rise and Decline of Nations. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1982,

chapter that outlines the collective action problem. Gerald Marwell and Pamela Oliver. The Critical Mass in Collective Action: A Micro-Social

Theory. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993 (enough to understand the argument) Dennis Chong. Collective Action and the Civil Rights Movement. Chicago: University of

Chicago Press, 1991. James S. Coleman. “Collective Behavior” and “Revoking Authority” in Foundations of

Social Theory. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1990. Susanne Lohmann, “The Dynamics of Informational Cascades: The Monday Demonstrations in

Leipzig, East Germany, 1989-91.” World Politics, 47 (October 1994).

Social Movements Doug McAdam, John D. McCarthy and Mayer Zald, eds., Comparative Perspectives on Social Movements. Cambridge University Press, 1996 (suggested, not required; a good Primer to start the debate on the social movements literature) Sidney Tarrow. Power in Movement: Social Movements, Collective Action, and Politics.

Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994.

Frances Fox Piven and Richard Cloward, Poor People’s Movements, pp. 1-37.

Herbert Kitschelt. “Political Opportunity Structure and Political Protest,” British Journal of Political Science, 16 (1986): 57-85.

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Herbert Kitschelt and Anthony McGann, The Radical Right in Western Europe. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1995, enough to get the argument. (interest group, party, or social movement?)

Bashevkin, Sylvia, “Interest Groups and Social Movements,” in LeDuc, Niemi, and Norris, eds.,

Comparing Democracies: Elections and Voting in a Global Perspective, pp. 134-159.

Charles Epp. The Rights Revolution: Lawyers, Activists, and Supreme Courts in Comparative Perspective. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998, Chapters 1, 2, and 11 plus at least 2 of the case studies. (optional) Doug McAdam, Sidney Tarrow, and Charles Tilly, Dynamics of Contention. Cambridge, 2001 (read just enough to get the main argument)

Implications: Voice & Institutional Recuperation Albert Hirschman. Exit, Voice, and Loyalty. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1970,

chapters 1-4. Joan Nelson. “Political Participation,” in Myron Weiner and Samuel P. Huntington, eds.

Understanding Political Development, 1987, pp. 103-159. Margaret Keck and Kathryn Sikkink, Activists Beyond Borders. Cornell, 1998 (opening and concluding chapters) Princetonians (not required)

Deborah Yashar. “Globalization and Collective Action,” Comparative Politics, April 2002.

Mark Beissinger. Nationalist Mobilization and the Collapse of the Soviet State. 2001.

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IV.C Interest Groups and Interest Intermediation

Albert O. Hirschman. The Passions and the Interests. Albert O. Hirschman. “The Concept of Interest: From Euphemism to Tautology,” in Rival Views of Market Society & Other Recent Essays.

Patterns Suzanne Berger, ed., Organizing Interests in Western Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University

Press, 1981 pp. 1-26 (Berger). Philippe Schmitter, “Still the Century of Corporatism?” Review of Politics, 1 (85-128). Ruth Berins Collier and David Collier, “Inducements versus Constraints: Disaggregating

Corporatism,” American Political Science Review, 73 (1979): 967-986 and chapter 2 of Shaping the Political Arena (same authors). Adam Przeworski and Michael Wallerstein, “The Structure of Class Conflict in Democratic

Capitalist Societies,” American Political Science Review, 76, 1982.

Ken Kollman. Outside Lobbying: Public Opinion and Interest Group Strategies. Princeton University Press, 1998 (theoretical overview only…American example)

William Odom, “A Dissenting View on the Group Approach to Soviet Politics,” World Politics

28 (1976): 542-547.

Causes and Consequences Peter Katzenstein. Small States in World Markets: Industrial Policy in Europe. Ithaca, NY:

Cornell University Press, 1985: chapters 1, 2, and 5. Mancur Olson. The Rise and Decline of Nations. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1982. Torben Iversen. “Power, Flexibility, and the Breakdown of Centralized Wage Bargaining: Denmark and Sweden in Comparative Perspective,” Comparative Politics, 28, 4 (1996): 399-436.

Princetonians

Jonas Pontusson. “From Comparative Public Policy to Political Economy: Putting Political Institutions in Their Place and Taking Interests Seriously" Comparative Political Studies, 28 (1995):117-147.

Jonas Pontusson. “Introduction: Organization and Political-Economic Perspectives on

Union Politics,” in Golden and Pontusson, eds., Bargaining for Change (Cornell, 1992).

22

Jonas Pontusson and David Rueda. “Wage Inequality and Varieties of Capitalism,” World Politics, 52 (April 2000): 350-383.

23

Section V Electoral Politics

V.A Electoral Systems & Representation Representation

(An erudite scholar will know Hanna Fenichel Pitkin. The Concept of Representation. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1967.)

Bernard Manin, Adam Przeworski, and Susan Stokes, “Introduction” and “Elections and

Representation” in Manin, Przeworski, and Stokes, eds., Democracy, Accountability, and Representation (Cambridge University Press, 1999).*

James Fearon, “Electoral Accountability and the Control of Politicians: Selecting Good Types

Versus Sanctioning Poor Performance,” in Manin, Przeworski, and Stokes, eds. Democracy, Accountability, and Representation (Cambridge University Press, 1999).

James Stimson, “Party Government and Responsiveness,” in Manin, Przeworski, and Stokes,

eds., Democracy, Accountability, and Representation (Cambridge University Press, 1999).

Susan Stokes. Mandates and Democracy: Neoliberalism by Surprise in Latin America.

Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001, chapters 1,3,6 & 7 (more if necessary to get the argument)

Forms

Peter Mair, ed., The West European Party System. New York: Oxford University Press, 1990, chapters 1, 5, 24 (classic essays by several authors)*

André Blais and Louis Massicotte, “Electoral Systems,” in LeDuc, Niemi, and Norris, eds.,

Comparing Democracies: Elections and Voting in a Global Perspective, pp. 49-81 and understand the material in Gallagher, Laver, Mair, Representative Government in Modern Europe: Institutions, Parties, and Governments, 3rd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2001, chapter 7,8,10, pp. 171-233, 271-99.

Effects of Electoral Rules

Rein Taagepera and Matthew Shugart. Seats and Votes: The Effects and Determinants of Electoral Systems. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1989, chapters 1, 3, 7, 8, 11, and 18. (short chapters)*

Gary W. Cox, "Centripetal and Centrifugal Incentives in Electoral Systems," American Journal of

Political Science 34, 4 (November 1990), 903-935. Cox, Gary W. 1997. Making Votes Count: Strategic Coordination in the World's

Electoral Systems. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press., Chapters 1, 2, 3, 7, 10, 11 (p.1-69, 139-150, 181-224)

J. Mark Ramseyer and Frances McCall Rosenbluth. Japan’s Political

Marketplace. Chapter 2 (note that system has since changed)

24

Roger Meyerson, “Incentives to Cultivate Favored Minorities Under Alternative Electoral Systems,” American Political Science Review, 87 (1993): 856-

869.

25

V.B. Voting & Party Systems Who Votes?

John Aldrich. “Rational Choice and Turnout,” American Journal of Political Science, 37 (1993): 246-278 and on the turnout debate, Jackman, Robert W. 1987. “Political Institutions and Voter Turnout in the Industrial Democracies.” American Political Science Review Vol. 81:405-23 plus Powell, G Bingham. 1986. “American Voter Turnout in Comparative Perspective.” American Political Science Review Vol. 80 No. 1 (March):17-43.

Sidney Verba, Norman Nie and Jae-On Kim. Participation and Political Equality: A Seven

Nation Comparison (1978), chapters 1-7, 13, 14. (flawed but important to know the main ideas)

Steven Rosenstone and Ray Wolfinger, Who Votes? New Haven: Yale University Press, 1980.

Partisan Identity & Partisanship

Campbell, Converse, Miller & Stokes. The American Voter, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1960, pp. 120-159. Campbell, Angus et al. “The Impact and Development of Party Identification” in Classics

in Voting Behavior, eds Richard G. Niemi, Herbert F. Weisberg. Washington, DC : CQ Press, 1992, ch.22, p.224-34.

Dalton, Russell J. 2002. Citizen Politics: Public Opinion and Political Parties in

Advanced Industrial Democracies. 3rd ed. New York: Chatham House Publishers/Seven Bridges Press, ch.9 “Partisanship and Electoral Behavior”

Voters & Party Systems

Peter Mair, ed., The West European Party System. New York: Oxford University Press, 1990, chapters 1, 5,9, 24 (classic essays by several authors)*

Anthony Downs. An Economic Theory of Democracy. New York: Harper and Row, 1957, chapters 7 and 8.* Torben Iversen, “Political Leadership and Representation in West European

Democracies: A Test of Three Models of Voting,” American Journal of Political Science, 38, 1 (1994): 45-74.

Clientelism & Constituency Service Richard Fenno. Home Style: House Members in their Districts. Boston: Little, Brown, 1978. Bruce Cain, John Ferejohn, and Morris Fiorina. The Personal Vote: Constituency Service and Electoral Independence. Cambridge: Harvard University Press,

1997 (selections in consultation with faculty).

Leonard Wantchekon, “Clientelism and Voting Behavior: Evidence from a Field

26

Experiment in Benin,” World Politics 55, 3 (2003): 399-422.

Economic Voting G. Bingham Powell and Guy Whitten, “A Cross-National Analysis of Economic Voting:

Taking Account of the Political Context,” American Journal of Political Science, 37, 2 (1993): 391-414.

Wilkin, Sam, Brandon Haller and Helmut Norpoth (1997). “From Argentina to Zambia: a World-Wide Test of Economic Voting.” Electoral Studies 16 (3): 301-316.

Duch, Raymond, and Randy Stevenson. 2005. "Context and the Economic Vote: A

Multi-Level Analysis." Political Analysis 13 (4). Dealignment, Realignment, and Innovation

Peter Mair, ed., The West European Party System. New York: Oxford University Press, 1990, chapter 16 (Dalton & Flanagan)*

Herbert Kitschelt. “Left-Libertarian Parties: Explaining Innovation in Competitive Party Systems,” World Politics, 40, 2 (1988): 194-234. Herbert Kitschelt. “The Formation of Party Systems in East Central Europe.” Politics and

Society, 20, 1 (1992): 7-50. Herbert Kitschelt. “Citizens, Politicians, and Party Cartelization: Political

Representation And State Failure in Post-Industrial Democracies,” European Journal of Political Research 37 (2000): 149-179. (optional)

Elections in New Democracies Timothy Colton. Transitional Citizens, chapters 1, 2, and 7.

Herbert Kitschelt with Zdenka Mansfeldova, Radoslaw Markoswki, and Gabor Toka. Post-Communist Party Systems. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1999, chapters 2 and 11.

27

Section VI

Political Culture, Political Attitudes, & Political Identities VI.A. Political Culture and Political Attitudes

General conceptual works

Clifford Geertz. “Ideology as a Cultural System,” in Clifford Geertz ed., The Interpretation of Cultures. New York: Harper and Row, 1973 and “Notes on the Balinese Cockfight”

pp. 412-53.

Karl Mannheim, Ideology and Utopia. parts I: 1-2, II and V:3. David J. Elkins and Richard E.B. Simeon, “A Cause in Search of Its Effect, or What Does

Political Culture Explain?” Comparative Politics, 11 (January 1979): 127-146. Ann Swidler. “Culture in Action: Symbols and Strategies,” American Sociological Review, 51

(April 1986): 273-286. Stanley Feldman. “Structure and Consistency in Public Opinion: The Role of Core Beliefs And Values,” AJPS (1988). Robert W. Jackman and Ross A Miller. “A Renaissance of Political Culture?” American Journal

of Political Science 40 (1996): 632-659. A classic & the authors’ response to criticism…

Gabriel Almond and Sidney Verba. The Civic Culture, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1963, passim, but especially chapters 1, 5-6, 13 (1, 6, 7, 15 in hardback edition).*

Gabriel Almond and Sidney Verba, eds. The Civic Culture Revisited, 1980, especially chapters 1,

2, and 10. World Views and Political Repertoires, Several Approaches

Max Weber. The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism. Robert Putnam, The Beliefs of Politicians. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1973. Susan Pharr. Losing Face: Status Politics in Japan. Berkeley: University of California Press,

1990. Alastair Ian Johnston. Cultural Realism: Strategic Culture and Grand Strategy in Chinese

History. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1995, project design and enough to capture argument.

28

Ronald Inglehart. Culture Shift. Daniel Posner, “The Political Salience of Cultural Difference: Why Chewas and

Tumbukas are Allies in Zambia and Adversaries in Malawi,” American Political Science Review 98, 4: 529-545.

Trust and Social Capital

Edward Banfield. The Moral Basis of a Backward Society, pp. 17-24 and 83-109. Robert Putnam. Making Democracy Work. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Margaret Levi. “A State of Trust,” in Braithwaite, Valerie and Levi, eds., Trust and Governance.

New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 1998.

Tom R. Tyler. “Trust and Democratic Governance,” in Braithwaite, Valerie, and Levi, eds. Trust and Governance. New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 1998.

Peter Evans. “Government Action, Social Capital and Development: Reviewing the Evidence on Synergy,” World Development, 24, 6 (1996). Diffusion of Cultures and Ideas

Robert Axelrod. “Laws of Life: How Standards of Behavior Evolve.” Science 27, 2 (1987): 44-51.

Robert Axelrod, “The Dissemination of Culture: A Model with Local Convergence and Global

Polarization,” Journal of Conflict Resolution, 41 (April 1997): 203-26.

Peter Hall. “The Politics of Keynesian Ideas,” in The Political Power of Economic Ideas: Keynesianism Across Nations. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1989, Intro & Conclusion pp. 1-XXX, 361-391.

Princetonians

Amaney Jamal. Barriers to Democracy: The Other Side of Social Capital in Palestine and the Arab World. Princeton University Press, 2007.

29

VI.B. Ethnicity, Identity Politics and Nationalism

Identities Karl Deutsch. Nationalism and Social Communication. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1966, chapters

4-8. Ernest Gellner. Nations and Nationalism. Oxford: Blackwell, 1983. Benedict Anderson. Imagined Communities. London: Verso, 1991. Walker Connor. “Man is a National Animal,” in Walker Connor, ed. Ethnonationalism: The

Quest for Understanding. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1994, pp. 195-209. Anthony Smith essay in John Hutchinson and Anthony D. Smith, eds. Ethnicity. London: Oxford

University Press, 1996. The Mobilization of Identity: Explaining Discord and Tolerance

Walker Connor, “Nation-Building or Nation-Destroying?” World Politics 24 (1972): 319-355.

Donald Horowitz. Ethnic Groups in Conflict. Berkeley: University of California Press, new edition 2000-2001.

James D. Fearon and David D. Laitin. “Explaining Interethnic Cooperation,” American Political

Science Review 90 (4): 715-735 plus review article “Ethnic Mobilization and Ethnic Violence,” chapter in Handbook of Political Science, 2006.

Ashutosh Varshney. Ethnic Conflict and Civil Strife: Hindus and Muslims in India. New Haven:

Yale University Press, 2002, especially chapters 1, 2 and 12. David Laitin. Identity in Formation: The Russian Speaking Populations in the Near Abroad. Cornell, 1998 (just enough to get the argument). John McGarry and Brendan O’Leary. “Explaining Northern Ireland,” Political Studies, 44, 2

(1996). Daniel Posner. Institutions and Ethnic Politics in Africa. Cambridge University Press, 2005, Selections. Donald Kinder. Divided by Color.

Taming Identity Politics

Kenneth McRae, ed. Consociational Democracy: Political Accommodation in Segmented Societies Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1974, pp. 2-27, 70-106, and 137-149 (includes a selection from Lijphart, who borrowed the idea from Calhoun and used it to explain patterns in the Netherlands)

30

Donald Horowitz. A Democratic South Africa? Constitutional Engineering in a Divided Society. University of California Press, 1991, chapters 4 and 5 and enough of the earlier material to understand the nature of the setting.

Donald Horowitz, “Democracy in Divided Societies,” Journal of Democracy, 4 (October 1993).

Princetonians Evan Lieberman, Race and Regionalism in the Politics of Taxation. Cambridge, 2003.

31

VII. Political Economy

VII.A. Introduction to Political Economy (read as a preface to the subsequent sections)

Ordeshook, Peter C. 1990. “The Emerging Discipline of Political Economy,” in James E. Alt and Kenneth A. Shepsle, eds., Perspectives on Positive Political Economy, pp. 9-30.

Torsten Persson and Guido Tabellini, Political Economics: Explaining Economic Policy.

Cambridge: MIT Press, 2000, parts I and II. James Caporaso and David Levine. Theories of Political Economy. Cambridge University Press.

32

IV. B. Political Economy of Advanced Industrial Societies Policy Making in Advanced Industrial Societies

Theodore Lowi. “American Business, Public Policy, Case Studies, and Political Theory.” World Politics, 16 (1964): 677-715. (policy shapes politics)

George Tsebelis, “Decision Making in Political Systems: Veto Players in Presidentialism,

Parliamentarism, Multicameralism and Multipartism,” British Journal of Political Science 25, 3 (July 1995), 289-325.

Peter Hall and Rosemary Taylor. “Political Science and the Three New

Institutionalisms,” Political Studies 44 (December 1996): 936-958.

Institutional varieties of capitalism

John Zysman. Governments, Markets, Growth. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1983. At least chs. 1-2.

Peter Katzenstein. Small States in World Markets. Ithaca: Cornell University Press,

1985.

Peter Hall. Governing the Economy. New York: Oxford University Press, 1986. Sven Steinmo. Taxation and Democracy: Swedish, British, and American Approaches to

Financing the Modern State. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1993.

Peter Hall and David Soskice, eds. Varieties of Capitalism: Institutional Foundations of Comparative Advantage. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001, especially introductory chapter.

Kathleen Thelen, How Institutions Evolve. Cambridge University Press, 2004. Wolfgang Streeck and Kathleen Thelen, eds. Beyond Continuity: Institutional Change in

Advanced Political Economies. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005, especially introductory chapter.

Alan Meltzer and Scott Richard. “A Rational Theory of the Size of Government,”

Journal of Political Economy, 89 (1981): 914-927.

Politics of Macro-Economic Management

Michael Alvarez, Geoffrey Garrett and Peter Lange. 1991. “Government Partisanship, Labor Organization and Macroeconomic Performance,” APSR 85:539-556.

Geoffrey Garrett. Partisan Politics in the Global Economy. Cambridge University Press, 1998.

33

Torben Iversen. Contested Institutions. Cambridge University Press, 1999.

Robert Franzese. Macroeconomic Policies of Developed Democracies. Cambridge University Press, 2002, chapters 1-3.

Isabela Mares. 2004. "Wage Bargaining in the Presence of Social Services and

Transfers,” World Politics, 57(1), 99-142. Welfare States and the Politics of Redistribution

Gösta Esping-Andersen. The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism. Princeton University Press, 1990, chs. 1-5.

Paul Pierson, Dismantling the Welfare State. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ Press, 1994, Chapters 1,2, 3, 4 or 5, 7

Alexander Hicks. Social Democracy and Welfare Capitalism: A Century of Income Security

Policies. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1999. Evelyne Huber and John Stephens. Development and Crisis of the Welfare State.

Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2001.

Ellen Immergut, “Institutions, Veto Points, and Policy Results: A Comparative Analysis of Health Care,” Journal of Public Policy, 10, 4.

Isabela Mares. “The sources of business interest in social insurance: sectoral versus

national differences,” World Politics, 55(2003): 229-258. Or Isabela Mares, The Politics of Social Risk, New York: Cambridge University Press, 2003.

Peter Swenson. “Varieties of Capitalist Interests,” Studies in American Political

Development, 18(2004):1-29. Or Swenson, Capitalists against Markets, Oxford University Press, 2002.

Karl Ove Moene and Michael Wallerstein. “Earnings Inequality and Welfare Spending,”

World Politics 55(2003):485-516. Torben Iversen and David Soskice, “Electoral Systems and the Politics of Coalitions,”

APSR, 100(2006):165-181. Barry Weingast and Kenneth Shepsle, “The Political Economy of Benefits and Costs: A

Neoclassical Approach to Distributive Politics,” Journal of Political Economy, 89 (1981): 642-664.

Political Business Cycles and Economic Voting1

William Nordhaus. “The Political Business Cycle,” Review of Economic Studies, 22, 1 There is an overview of Nordhaus, Tufte, Rogoff, Hibbs, and Alesina in the Annual Review of Political Science. You may wish to read the overview plus Tufte and Hibbs.

34

April 1975, pp. 169-90. (electoral cycles) Edward Tufte, Political Control of the Economy. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1978. (electoral cycles)

Douglas Hibbs. The American Political Economy. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1987 (summarized in Alt & Crystal, Political Economics)

Kenneth Rogoff, “Equilibrium Political Budget Cycles,” American Economic Review, 1990, pp. 21-37. (electoral cycles) Kenneth Schultz. 1995. “The Politics of the Business Cycle,” BJPS 25:79-99.

Alberto Alesina and Nouriel Roubini with Gerald Cohen, Political Cycles and the Macroeconomy, 1997 and Robert Franzese review in Journal of Policy Analysis and Management 19, 3 (2000): 501-9.

Bingham Powell and Guy Whitten. “A Cross-National Analysis of Economic Voting,” APSR, 86(1993):597-611.

International Economy and Domestic Political Alignments

Peter Gourevitch, “International Influences on Domestic Politics: The Second Image Reversed,” International Organization, 32 (Autumn 1978): 90-107.

Stephen Krasner, “State Power and the Structure of International Trade,” World

Politics, 28, 3 (1976): 317-43. Jeffrey Frieden and Ronald Rogowski, “The Impact of the International Economy on National Policies: An Analytical Overview,” in Keohane and Miller, eds, Internationalization and Domestic Politics, 1996: 25-47. James Alt and Michael Gilligan, “The Political Economy of Trading States: Factor Specificity, Collective Action Problems, and Domestic Political Institutions,” Journal of Political Philosophy, 2, 2 (1994): 165-192. Ronald Rogowski, Commerce and Coalitions, Princeton: Princeton University Press,

1989, pp. 3-20 and 163-179 or Ronald Rogowski, “Political Cleavages and Changing Exposure to Trade,” American Political Science Review, 81 (1987).

Jeffry Frieden. “Invested Interests,” International Organization, 45 (1991):425-451 Princetonians (not required)

Carles Boix. Political Parties, Growth and Equality. New York: Cambridge, 1998, pp. 1-11 and chapters 2 and 3.

35

Jonas Pontusson. Inequality and Prosperity: Social Europe versus Liberal America. Cornell University Press, 2005.

Lane Kenworthy and Jonas Pontusson. “Rising Inequality and the Politics of

Redistribution in Affluent Countries,” Perspectives on Politics, 3(2005):449-471.

David Rueda and Jonas Pontusson. “Wage Inequality and Varieties of Capitalism,”

World Politics, 52(2000):350-383. Avinash Dixit and John Londregan. “The Determinants of Success of Special Interests in

Redistributive Politics,” Journal of Politics, 58 (1996): 1132-55.

36

IV. C. Political Economy of Development The Concept of Development2

Amartya Sen, “The Concept of Development,” in Hollis Chenery and T.N. Srinivasan, eds., The Handbook of Development Economics. New York: North Holland, 1988, pp. 10-26 and recommended: Peter Evans, “Collective Capabilities, Culture, and Amartya Sen’s Development as Freedom,” Studies in Comparative International Development (Summer 2002): 54-60.

Shahid Yusuf and Joseph Stiglitz, “Development Issues: Settled and Open,” in Meier

and Stiglitz, eds., Frontiers of Development Economics, pp. 227-268. Albert Hirschman, “The Rise and Decline of Development Economics,” in Essays in

Trespassing, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1981, pp. 1-24.

States, Markets & Prosperity Charles Lindblom. Politics and Markets. New York: Basic Books, 1977, 3-89, 161-200.

Karl Polanyi, “The Economy as Instituted Process,” ch. 13 in Polanyi et al. Trade And Market in the Early Empires Karl Polanyi. The Great Transformation. Alexander Gerschenkron, “Economic Backwardness in Historical Perspective,” in Alexander Gerschenkron, Economic Backwardness in Historical Perspective. Douglass North. Structure and Change in Economic History. New York: W.W. Norton, 1981, chapters 1-13, 15.

Thomas Bierstecker. Distortion or Development? Cambridge: MIT Press, 1978, Chapter 1.

Robert Bates. Markets and States in Tropical Africa. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1981. Chalmers Johnson. From MITI and the Japanese Miracle. Chapters 1,2,7 and 9.

Peter Evans. Embedded Autonomy. or “Predatory, Developmental, and Other Apparatuses,” Sociological Forum, 4:4: 561-87.

Robert Wade, “East Asia’s Economic Success,” World Politics, April 1992: 270-320.

2 A good overview of the history of the idea of development appears in H. W. Arndt. Economic Development: The History of an Idea. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987, chapters 3-4.

37

Daron Acemoglu, James A. Robinson and Simon Johnson. “The Colonial Origins of Comparative Development: An Empirical Investigation.” December 2001, American Economic Review, volume 91, pp. 1369-1401.

Pranab Bardan. Security, Conflicts, and Cooperation. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1995, chapter one (a nice review essay) Politics of Economic Reform3

William Easterly. The Elusive Quest for Growth. MIT Press, 2001, Chapters 1-8 and 11.

Adam Przeworski, “The Political Dynamics of Economic Reform,” Democracy and the Market. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991: 136-191. Stephan Haggard and Robert Kaufman, The Politics of Economic Adjustment. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1992, introduction. Georard Roland. Transition and Economics: Politics, Markets, and Firms. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2000. Timothy Frye. Brokers and Bureaucrats: Building Market Institutions in Russia. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2000.

Yingyi Qian, “Government Control in Corporate Governance as a Transitional Institution: Lessons from China,” in Rethinking the East Asian Miracle, Stiglitz and Yusuf, eds. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000: 295-321.

Joel Hellman, “Winner Take All,” World Politics, 1998.

Nicolas van de Walle. African Economies and the Politics of Permanent Crisis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000. (chapters 2-4)

Policy Making in Non-Democratic Societies

Kenneth Lieberthal, “Introduction” in Kenneth Lieberthal and David Lampton, eds., Bureaucracy, Politics, and Decision Making in Post-Mao China. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1992.

Philip Roeder. Red Sunset. Princeton University Press, 1994 (enough to get the argument)

Princetonians (not required)

Atul Kohli. State-Directed Development: Political Power and Industrialization in the Global Periphery

3 It would be helpful to know the general line of argument in the very easy book by Joseph Stiglitz, Globalization and its Discontent.

38

Jennifer Widner. “Single Party States and Agricultural Policies,” Comparative Politics, 26, 2 (January 1994): 127-148.

Lynn White. Unstately Power: Local Causes of China’s Intellectual, Legal, and Governmental Reforms.

39