Department of Psychology Department of Psychology Institute for Simulation and Training Institute for Simulation and TrainingUniversity of Central FloridaUniversity of Central Florida

Orlando, FL 32826Orlando, FL 32826

Adaptive AutomationAdaptive Automation

P.A. Hancock

Presentation for the Class of 2007

Human Factors II EXP 6257

February 1st, 2007

““Fitts List” Human surpass machine is the:Fitts List” Human surpass machine is the:

Machines surpass humans in the:Machines surpass humans in the:

What is Adaptive What is Adaptive Automation?Automation?

Levels of Automation Levels of Automation (after (after Sheridan)Sheridan)

Management by Consent MBC, Management by Management by Consent MBC, Management by Exception MBEException MBE

Supervisory control as related to direct Supervisory control as related to direct manual control and full automationmanual control and full automation

Hierarchical nature of supervisory controlHierarchical nature of supervisory control

Multiloop model of supervisory controlMultiloop model of supervisory control1. Task is observed

directly by human operator’s own senses.

2. Task is observed indirectly through artificial sensors, Computers and displays.This TIS feedback interacts with that from within HIS and is filtered or modified.

3. Task is controlled within TIS automatic mode.

4. Task is affected by the process of being sensed.

5. Task affects actuators and in turn is affected

6. Human operator directly affects task by manipulation.

7. Human operator affects task indirectly through a controls interface, HIS/TIS computers and actuators. This control interacts with that from within TIS and is filtered or modified.

8. Human operators gets feedback from within HIS, in editing a program, running a planning model, etc.

9. Human operator orients him or herself relative to control or adjusts control parameters.

10. Human operator orients him or herself relative to display or adjusts displays parameters.

Fig. 9.6.11. Multiloop model of supervisory control

Effects of interface design, S-R compatibility, and Effects of interface design, S-R compatibility, and feedback on automation usagefeedback on automation usage

Five supervisor functions as nested loopsFive supervisor functions as nested loops

Plan

Teach

Monitor

Intervene

Learn

Summary of concepts related to automated Summary of concepts related to automated flight-decks and pilot workloadflight-decks and pilot workload

A Paradox Associated with Perceived A Paradox Associated with Perceived AnimacyAnimacy

A paradox associated with perceived animacy. Automated systems that have high autonomy and authority but low observability appear to behave as if they are animate agents capable of activities independent of the operator. However, such systems are deterministic, and their behavior is predictable if one has complete and available knowledge of how the system works, complete recall of the past instructions given to the system, and total awareness of the situation and environmental conditions.

Human vs RobotHuman vs Robot

Stages of development of teleroboticsStages of development of telerobotics

Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519)Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519)

The design of the first known robot in recorded history 1495

Helicopter powered by four men (which would not have worked since the body of the craft would have rotated) and a light hang glider which could have flown.On January 3, 1496 he unsuccessfully tested a flying machine he had constructed

John Dee (1527-1608)John Dee (1527-1608)

Rabbi Judah Loew, The Maharal of Rabbi Judah Loew, The Maharal of Prague (1525-1609)Prague (1525-1609)

Johannes Kepler (1571-1630)Johannes Kepler (1571-1630)

Kepler's elliptical orbit for Mars

John Louis von Neumann 1903-1957John Louis von Neumann 1903-1957

Theories of Self-reporting Automata, 1966

Norbert Wiener(1894-1964)Norbert Wiener(1894-1964)

The impact of “the automatic age” on our moral lives.