Deployment of SMRs in Energy Scenario of

Pakistan

Syed Mobashir BanooriManager Coordination

Directorate of SMRPakistan Atomic Energy Commission

Scheme of Presentation

Overview of Power Sector in Pakistan Status of NPPs in Pakistan Nuclear Experience of Pakistan Activities of PAEC related to SMRs Viability of SMR in Pakistan Technical Requirements of SMR

Power Sector in Pakistan Mix of Hydro, Thermal, RE and Nuclear Power units

Hydro and Thermal units are governed by two public sector utilities that are Water and Power Development Authority (WAPDA) for all of Pakistan except Karachi, and the K-Electric for the City of Karachi and its surrounding areas.

Electrification Ratio ~ 73%

Nuclear Power units are operated by PAEC

Independent power producers contribute significantly in electricity generation

Energy Mix of Pakistan

Source: Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-19

66%

25%

4% 5%

ThermalHydroNuclearRES

Energy Consumption inPakistan

Source: Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-19

48%

27%

9%

8%8% Household

Industry

Agriculture

Commercial

Others

Generation Cost in Pakistan

Source: Pakistan NEPRA

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

Solar Wind Oil Gas Nuclear Hydro

US Cents

KANUPP CHASNUPP-1 CHASNUPP-2 CHASNUPP-3 CHASNUPP-4

CAPACITY(GROSS) MW

137/100 325 330 340 340

GRID CONNECTION

OCT 1972 JUN 2000 MAR 2011 OCT 2016 JUN 2017

Status of NPPs in Pakistan

KANUPP-2 KANUPP-3

CAPACITY(GROSS) MW 1100 1100

FCD 20-08-2015 31-05-2016

GRID CONNECTION 2020 2021

Operational

Under Construction

Capacity Factors

Source: Pakistan NEPRA

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Nuclear Thermal Hydro Public SectorThermal

Wind Solar

Significant Challenges

Balancing Pakistan's supply against increasing demand for electricity

Diversification of Power generation sources Reduction in imported fossil fuel bill Preservation of limited natural gas resource Ageing T&D system leading to high line losses Reduction of GHG emissions from power generation Revenue recovery issues

Nuclear Experience of Pakistan

47 years of successful nuclear power generationthrough small & medium sized reactors

Multiple nuclear reactors are in operation Complete nuclear power program is under

safeguards of IAEA Manufacturing of some components and

equipment for nuclear power plants Involvement in design of nuclear power plants

and design modifications Strong infrastructure of Human Resource

development and R&D facilities PNRA is independent legal authority for issuing

license

Activities of PAEC related to SMRs

Owing to growing popularity of SMRsworldwide, Directorate of SMRs was formedin 2013, with following major objectives:

Keep abreast with technologicaldevelopments in SMRs around the world

Enhance the SMR design and engineeringdevelopment capability

Identification of challenges in thedevelopment and deployment of SMRs inPakistan

11

Interaction with IAEA Hosting of IAEA technical meetings on

SMRs at Islamabad and Chashma NPP Placement of Cost Free Experts at NPTDS,

department of NE Contribution in SMR related documents Participation in coordinated research

projects Membership of TWG-SMR

Local Institutions of Pakistan

Center for Emerging Reactor Technologiesformed at Pakistan Institute of Engg. & App.Sciences (PIEAS)

Subject of SMRs introduced at PIEAS Arrangement of international workshops/

training courses at PIEAS Inclusion of core activity on SMRs at Annual

International Nathiagali Summer College Arrangement of seminars in collaboration

with Pakistan Nuclear Society and PakistanAcademy of Engineering

Viability of SMR in Pakistan

Electricity supply shortfall in peak season Need for quick clean and economic energy

resources Plans for generation of 8800 MWe from

nuclear contribution by 2030 Replacement of ageing fossil fuel based

plants Small and localized grid Far-flung areas require small power plants Modular design of SMRs will allow customized

NPPs for different regions

Northern areas face severe winter hence districtheating could be provided through deployment ofSMR

Long coastal area with severe shortage of potablewater specially in metropolitan of Karachi

Desalination using nuclear energy throughdeployment of SMR is viable

Hybrid energy systems based on SMRs could bedeployed in wind corridors and sun rich areas

Ship based SMR is also a feasible option forcoastal areas

Viability of SMR in Pakistan…

Technical Requirements for SMR Feature Requirement Reactor type Generation III+ innovative PWR,

Integrated NSSS, modular design Single reactor unit module 50-100 MWe

Number of modules per NPP

02 Minimum, extendable to 04 modules

Safety systems Passive

Plant life > 40 years

Steam Generator Once-through helical coilCRDMs Internal

Cogeneration RequiredContainment Preferably underground

Construction Time ~ 36 months

Issues related to SMR deployment

Choosing best amongst prevailing designsand technologies

Unavailability of operating commercial SMR Economic viability and cost estimation Updating of Licensing and regulatory

framework Training and capacity building Public acceptance and awareness

Thanks