Depression, War, and Depression, War, and RecoveryRecovery

Unit 8BUnit 8B

By the 1930’s:By the 1930’s: Dictators had taken control Dictators had taken control

in several countries (Italy, in several countries (Italy, Germany, Japan, and the Germany, Japan, and the Soviet Union).Soviet Union).

Dictators are also Dictators are also sometimes called fascists.sometimes called fascists.

World War I causesWorld War I causes NationalismNationalism ImperialismImperialism Arms RacesArms Races AlliancesAlliances

World War II causesWorld War II causes NationalismNationalism SectionalismSectionalism Dreams of ExpansionDreams of Expansion The Great DepressionThe Great Depression

Fascists often use propagandaFascists often use propaganda((movies – TV – posters – speeches – movies – TV – posters – speeches –

radio)radio) to help make their government look to help make their government look greatgreat

Fascism(4/9):Fascism(4/9): government where the country is more government where the country is more important than the peopleimportant than the people

Two fascists in the Two fascists in the 1930’s1930’s

Adolph HitlerAdolph Hitler Benito MussoliniBenito Mussolini

Adolph HitlerAdolph Hitler

Born Adolph Schicklgruber (in Austria).Born Adolph Schicklgruber (in Austria). Wanted to be a great artist, but was told he Wanted to be a great artist, but was told he

had no talent.had no talent. Felt that his Jewish teachers had plotted Felt that his Jewish teachers had plotted

against him.against him. Blamed the Jews for many problems and his Blamed the Jews for many problems and his

hatred of Jews grew.hatred of Jews grew. Page 4 in our packets tells why Hitler and the Page 4 in our packets tells why Hitler and the

Nazis felt the way they did (ideology of Nazis felt the way they did (ideology of Nazism(6)Nazism(6)))

By the time he was an adult, By the time he was an adult, he had moved to Munichhe had moved to Munich

Hung around the beer Hung around the beer halls (popular political halls (popular political places at that time)places at that time)

1921: joined the Nazi 1921: joined the Nazi PartyParty

1923: was arrested 1923: was arrested and put in jail for and put in jail for helping a group try helping a group try and overthrow the and overthrow the German government.German government.

While in Jail: wrote While in Jail: wrote “Mein Kampf”“Mein Kampf”

When he got out of jail:When he got out of jail: Returned to the Nazi Returned to the Nazi

party and used his party and used his two great gifts:two great gifts:

Great political Great political sense.sense.

A great speaker who A great speaker who

seemed to know seemed to know exactly what to say exactly what to say and do.and do.

1932: Won 30% of the vote for 1932: Won 30% of the vote for President of Germany (so… some President of Germany (so… some people thought he’d be a good people thought he’d be a good

leader)leader) Offered the Germans: national pride, glory, Offered the Germans: national pride, glory,

revenge, and a return to the great Germany of revenge, and a return to the great Germany of old.old.

Continued to attack communism, and continued Continued to attack communism, and continued to blame Jews for the problems of Germany.to blame Jews for the problems of Germany.

Hitler also felt he needed more “living space” Hitler also felt he needed more “living space” (Lebensraum) for the expanding German race – (Lebensraum) for the expanding German race – there’s some extra reading about that on page 5 there’s some extra reading about that on page 5 in our packets.in our packets.

1938: Had control of Germany1938: Had control of Germany

Benito MussoliniBenito Mussolini Similar rise to power in ItalySimilar rise to power in Italy People wanted a new leader and he People wanted a new leader and he

promised them a return to power and promised them a return to power and gloryglory

Both Hitler and Mussolini would Both Hitler and Mussolini would make agreements with make agreements with

countries….countries…. Then would invade Then would invade

those same countries.those same countries. Countries would get Countries would get

worried they’d be next worried they’d be next or be mad their or be mad their neighbor country was neighbor country was invaded.invaded.

So Hitler and Mussolini So Hitler and Mussolini would make non- would make non- aggression agreements aggression agreements with them….with them….

Which they would also Which they would also soon break.soon break.

This was called This was called appeasement appeasement (19/21)(19/21)

(giving in to someone just to make them (giving in to someone just to make them happy)happy)

These countries would meet Germany’s These countries would meet Germany’s demands – just to avoid a war (which they demands – just to avoid a war (which they really couldn’t avoid)really couldn’t avoid)

Hitler just kept invading countries and Hitler just kept invading countries and it didn’t look like he was ready to stop.it didn’t look like he was ready to stop.

This was still not This was still not yet what we’d call yet what we’d call World War II World War II though.though.

That came in 1939.That came in 1939.

Hitler made an agreement with the Soviet Hitler made an agreement with the Soviet Union that they would not go to war against Union that they would not go to war against

each other (even though they were bitter each other (even though they were bitter enemies).enemies).

One month later, One month later, Hitler invaded Hitler invaded Poland.Poland.

Great Britain and Great Britain and France finally had France finally had enough of this and enough of this and declared war on declared war on Germany.Germany.

And… WWII had And… WWII had begun.begun.

These Germans were great These Germans were great fightersfighters

They used a strategy They used a strategy called a called a blitzkriegblitzkrieg

(in German means: (in German means: lightning war)lightning war)

This was fighting This was fighting with speed and with speed and surprise using tanks, surprise using tanks, troops, and planes.troops, and planes.

Poland fell in one Poland fell in one month.month.

France was next – they France was next – they were overcome in about were overcome in about 2 weeks. 2 weeks.

All that was left of All that was left of Europe was Britain – but Europe was Britain – but that wasn’t as that wasn’t as successful for the successful for the Germans.Germans.

The British people were The British people were pretty tough and fought pretty tough and fought hard – even under hard – even under terrible conditions they terrible conditions they would not surrender.would not surrender.

The 2 sides:The 2 sides: The Axis Powers The Axis Powers

(48)(48) The Allied Powers The Allied Powers

(49)(49)

Hitler decided one more country Hitler decided one more country he could attack was the Soviet Union he could attack was the Soviet Union

(led by (led by Joseph StalinJoseph Stalin).). Which didn’t work so Which didn’t work so

well for him.well for him. It was one of the worst It was one of the worst

Russian winters ever, Russian winters ever, and Hitler’s men just and Hitler’s men just had a tough time had a tough time fighting there. fighting there.

No United States yet, but….No United States yet, but….

We were sending We were sending aid to the allies aid to the allies

(all together about (all together about $50 billion worth $50 billion worth of war goods). of war goods).

Look at page 6 in Look at page 6 in our packets our packets (The (The Neutrality Acts (36)Neutrality Acts (36) and and Lend-LeaseLend-Lease))

Japan was another country that Japan was another country that wanted to expand their empire wanted to expand their empire

To do so they To do so they needed resources .needed resources .

Japan is a tiny island Japan is a tiny island nation and they nation and they didn’t have many didn’t have many resources, so to get resources, so to get them they also them they also decided to invade decided to invade some countries (in some countries (in Asia).Asia).

The United States did The United States did not agree with this not agree with this aggression and aggression and decided to cut off decided to cut off trade with Japan (who trade with Japan (who needed oil and steel).needed oil and steel).

They got mad at us They got mad at us and decided if we and decided if we would trade with would trade with them, they might as them, they might as well attack us and try well attack us and try and take what they and take what they wanted.wanted.

The first place they The first place they attacked the United attacked the United States was at …..States was at …..

Pearl Harbor (38)Pearl Harbor (38)Pearl Harbor (38)Pearl Harbor (38)

President RooseveltPresident Roosevelt

““Yesterday, December 7Yesterday, December 7thth, 1941 – a , 1941 – a day which will live in infamy, the day which will live in infamy, the United States of America was United States of America was suddenly and deliberately attacked suddenly and deliberately attacked by the empire of Japan”by the empire of Japan”

War was declared on JapanWar was declared on Japan A few days later, Germany and Italy A few days later, Germany and Italy

declared war on the U.S. declared war on the U.S. The United States was now in World The United States was now in World

War IIWar II