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CORK CITY PROFILE 2018

08

Deprivation

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CORK CITY PROFILE 2018 SECTION 08 DEPRIVATION

8.1 Social Class

The CSO classifies population into one of seven social class groups

based on the description of their occupation and regardless of whether

or not they are currently working.

Social class background impacts on many areas of life, including health, housing, education,

economic status and crime. A person’s social class tends to remain relatively stable over

time and is a key determinant in the inter-generational transmission of social, cultural and

economic assets. Geographical areas tending to the ‘unskilled’ as opposed to ‘professional’

classification are more likely to have a higher unemployment level, be more vulnerable to

recession as well as experience lower pay, poorer working conditions, poorer housing and

social environments.244

In Cork City across each census the classification of ‘all others gainfully occupied and

unknown’ is the largest social class group (accounting for over a quarter of the population at

each census). Cork City differs from the City and Suburbs and the State in 2016 in that both

of the latter’s largest social class groups are ‘managerial and technical.’

In Cork City, across each census, the second most prominent group was ‘managerial and

technical’ with the proportions for this category increasing through each census. Both the

State and the City and Suburbs have higher proportions of ‘professional workers’ than Cork

City but, as with ‘managerial and technical’ (see table below), this category is increasing in

proportion through each census in the city.

The social class categories of ‘semi-skilled’ and ‘unskilled,’ although higher than the City and

Suburbs and the State in 2016, have been reducing in proportion in the city through each census.

244 - https://www.pobal.ie/Publications/Documents/The%202016%20Pobal%20HP%20Deprivation%20Index%20-%20Introduction%2007.pdf.

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0.0%

5.0%

10.0%

15.0%

20.0%

25.0%

30.0%

1

Social Class, Cork City, 2016

Professional workersManagerial and technicalNon-manual

Skilled manualSemi-skilledUnskilledAll others gainfully occupied and unknown

Table 185: Social Class, Cork City, 2006-2016 (Source: CSO)

Social Class, Cork City 2006 2011 2016

Professional workers 6.5% 7.2% 8.2%

Managerial and technical 18.5% 20.2% 21.5%

Non-manual 15.6% 16.3% 16.5%

Skilled manual 15.7% 13.4% 12.3%

Semi-skilled 12.6% 11.8% 11.3%

Unskilled 5.0% 4.3% 4.4%

All others gainfully occupied and unknown 26.0% 26.6% 25.8%

Figure 66: SOCIAL CLASS, CORK CITY, 2016 (SOURCE: CSO)

Social Class Cork City, 2016

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SOCIAL CLASS OF CORK CITY’S POPULATION FOR EACH CENSUS (NUMBERS)

Table 186: Social Class, Cork City, 2006-2016 (Source: CSO)

Social class, Cork City (numbers) 2006 2011 2016

Professional workers 7805 8636 10299

Managerial and technical 22125 24138 26967

Non-manual 18584 19379 20786

Skilled manual 18774 16009 15501

Semi-skilled 15101 14123 14172

Unskilled 5960 5172 5509

All others gainfully occupied and unknown 31069 31773 32423

Total 119418 119230 125657

SOCIAL CLASS OF CORK CITY, THE CITY AND SUBURBS AND THE STATE, 2016 (PERCENTAGES)

Table 187: % in Each Social Class in Cork City, Cork City and Suburbs and The State, 2016 (Source: CSO)

Social Class, 2016 Cork City Cork City and Suburbs State

Professional workers 8.2% 9.9% 8.1%

Managerial and technical 21.5% 25.9% 28.1%

Non-manual 16.5% 17.4% 17.6%

Skilled manual 12.3% 12.4% 14.1%

Semi-skilled 11.3% 10.6% 10.5%

Unskilled 4.4% 3.6% 3.6%

All others gainfully occupied and unknown 25.8% 20.3% 18.0%

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PROFESSIONAL WORKERS IN CORK CITY’S ELECTORAL DIVISIONS

Four EDs appear in the top five of each census year as having the highest proportion of

professional workers: Knockrea A, Knockrea B, Browningstown and Sundays Well A. Between

2006 and 2016 the proportion of professional workers increased in each of these EDs .

Two EDs feature in the top five of each census year as having the lowest proportion of

professional workers: Fair Hill B and Knocknaheeny. In Knocknaheeny the proportion of its

population who were professional increased from 2006 to 2011 from 0.7% to 1.2% and then

decreased to 0.9% to 2016. Fair Hill B followed the same trend but both EDs were ‘better off’

in 2016 than they were in 2006.

PROFESSIONAL WORKERS BY CORK CITY ELECTORAL DIVISION, 2006, 2011 AND 2016

Table 188: EDs with Highest Proportions of Professional Workers (Source: CSO)

2006 % 2011 % 2016 %

Knockrea A 21.1% Browningstown 22.7% Browningstown 24.3%

Knockrea B 18.7% Knockrea B 21.5% Knockrea B 24.2%

Browningstown 18.6% Sundays Well A 21.3% Sundays Well A 23.5%

Sundays Well A 18.1% Knockrea A 20.8% Knockrea A 23.2%

Tivoli A 16.7% Glasheen A 16.6% Ballinlough B 17.6%

Table 189: EDs with Lowest Proportions of Professional Workers (Source: CSO)

2006 % 2011 % 2016 %

Gurranebraher B 0.3% Gurranebraher A 0.9% Knocknaheeny 0.9%

Fair Hill B 0.4% Fair Hill B 1.0% Fair Hill B 0.9%

Farranferris C 0.5% Gurranebraher E 1.2% Farranferris B 1.3%

Knocknaheeny 0.7% Knocknaheeny 1.2% Gurranebraher A 1.3%

Gurranebraher C 0.7% Churchfield 1.3% Farranferris C 1.5%

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UNSKILLED

On the opposite end of the spectrum from ‘professional workers’ is the classification of

‘unskilled’ and the following tables show the EDs with the highest and lowest proportions

of this category.

Knocknaheeny and Fair Hill A featured in the top five EDs with the highest proportion of unskilled.

Knocknaheeny’s proportion of unskilled decreased between 2006 and 2011 but increased again by

2016. Fair Hill A increased between 2006 and 2011 and then decreased by 2016.

Three EDs appeared in the top five of the lowest proportion of unskilled across each census:

Bishopstown A, Gillabbey C and Browningstown. Bishopstown A and Gillabbey C were the EDs

with the highest proportions with students across every census.

‘UNSKILLED’ BY CORK CITY ELECTORAL DIVISION, 2006, 2011 AND 2016

Table 190: EDs with Highest Proportions of Unskilled Workers (Source: CSO)

2006 % 2011 % 2016 %

Gurranebraher C 12.0% Fair Hill B 12.4% Knocknaheeny 12.1%

Blackpool A 12.0% Fair Hill A 11.2% Fair Hill B 11.4%

Knocknaheeny 11.8% Knocknaheeny 9.7% Gurranebraher A 10.8%

Gurranebraher D 11.1% Farranferris B 9.0% Churchfield 10.2%

Fair Hill A 10.9% Farranferris C 8.7% Fair Hill A 9.8%

Table 191: EDs with Lowest Proportions of Unskilled Workers (Source: CSO)

2006 % 2011 % 2016 %

Tramore B 0.6% Tramore B 0.4% Gillabbey C 0.5%

Bishopstown A 0.7% Gillabbey C 0.5% Bishopstown A 0.6%

Gillabbey C 0.7% Glasheen B 0.7% Browningstown 0.8%

Browningstown 0.9% Browningstown 0.8% Knockrea A 0.8%

Knockrea A 1.2% Bishopstown A 0.8% Mardyke 0.8%

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8.2 Affluence and Deprivation

Cork City scores for 2006, 2011 and 2016 were -4.2, -1.9 and -.4 respectively. For the purposes

of comparison, Dublin City scores were -1.2, 2.2 and 3.1 respectively and for County Cork 2.6,

2.9, and 3.4 respectively.245 Scores state-wide were -.4, .2 and .6 for 2006, 2011 and 2016.

Therefore, results for all noted geographic areas indicate an upward/positive trend towards

affluence from 2006 to 2016.

At Cork City ED level, the results show that across each census Knockrea A and Bishopstown

A feature in the five most affluent EDs in Cork City and the affluence level of Bishopstown A

has increased with each census.

Farranferris B, Knocknaheeny and Fair Hill B appear in each census as among the most

disadvantaged EDs in Cork City. Farranferris B’s level of disadvantage has decreased across

each census. Knocknaheeny’s index improved from 2006 to 2011 and, although it decreased

again by 2016, the index had improved overall by 2016. Fair Hill B’s index dis-improved from

2006 to 2011 to 2016.

245 - 2016 Deprivation Index by NUTS4 regions (2006-2016).

The following results are based on the HP Deprivation Index. This index

has been developed to measure the relative affluence or disadvantage of

geographical areas using census data. The index score ranges from -40

(most disadvantaged) to +40 (most affluent). The following index scores

present data from the 2006, 2011 and 2016 censuses.

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Table 192: EDs with Highest (Most Affluent) HP Deprivation Index Scores (Source: CSO)

2006 HP Score 2011 HP Score 2016 HP Score

Knockrea A 12.31 Knockrea A 13.45 Bishopstown A 13.69

Centre A 11.97 Bishopstown A 11.12 Mardyke 13.02

Bishopstown A 9.76 Mardyke 11.09 Gillabbey C 12.26

South Gate A 8.71 Gillabbey C 10.52 Centre A 11.97

Tivoli A 7.77 Tramore B 10.22 Knockrea A 11.49

Table 193: EDs with Lowest (Most Deprived) HP Deprivation Index Scores (Source: CSO)

2006 HP Score 2011 HP Score 2016 HP Score

Farranferris B -21.28 Fair Hill B -20.68 Fair Hill B -22.30

Knocknaheeny -20.07 Farranferris B -19.65 Knocknaheeny -20.03

Fair Hill B -19.9 Knocknaheeny -19.14 Farranferris B -18.06

Fair Hill A -18.93 Gurranebraher A -18.52 Mayfield -17.47

Churchfield -18.59 Fair Hill A -17.89 Gurranebraher A -15.93

Figure 67: TRUTZ - HAASE DEPRIVATION SCORE, 2016 (SOURCE: CSO)

Togher

Mahon

Blackpool/The Glen/Mayfield

Knocknaheeny/Hollyhill/

Churchfield

Fairhill/Gurranabraher/

Farranree

Source: Esri, HERE, Garmin, © OpenStreetMap contributors, and the GIS user community

TRUTZ - HAASE DEPRIVATION SCORE, 2016 ±

0 1 20.5

Kilometers

Deprivation Index Label

Cork City Boundary

Rapid Areas

Knocknaheeny/Hollyhill/Churchfield

Blackpool/The Glen/Mayfield

Fairhill/Gurranabraher/Farranree

Mahon

Togher

Very Disadvantaged (-20 to -30)

Disadvantaged (-10 to -20)

Maginally Below Average (0 to -10)

Marginally Above Average (0 to 10)

Affluent (10 to 20)