DEPT. of Physiology, Preclinic School of Xinjiang Medical University

Renal physiology

Lifeng Wang

OBJECTIVE

To learn the technique of bladder intubation;

To observe the factors that influence urine formation;

To analyze the mechanisms of how these factors act.

Principles

Kidney -- nephron

Renal cortex

Renal medullaRenal pyramid

Renal pelvis

Ureter Renal pyramid

nephron

Structure of kidney

Nephron

Processes of Urine formation

Glomerular filtrationTubular reabsorptionTubular secretion

Factors affecting the three processes of unrine formation

The regulation of glomerular filtration rate(GFR)EFP

glomerular capillary blood pressure glomerular capillary colloid osmotic

pressure bowman’s capsule hydrostatic pressure

renal plasma flowThe position of filtration equilibrium

glomerular capillary filtration coefficientThe condition of filtration membrane

Factors affecting the three processes of unrine formation

The regulation of tubular reabsorption and secretion Effect of solute concentration in the tubular

fluid and osmotic diuresisOsmotic diuresis

Glomerulotubular balance

Factors affecting the three processes of unrine formation

Nervous regulationSympathetic nerve fibers(+) →urine formation↓

Renal blood flow↓ Na+ reabsorption ↑Rennin releasing↑

Hormonal regulationADH (anti-diuretic hormone)→urine formation↓

Water reabsorption↑

RAAS(Renin-angiotensin-aldsterone system) →urine formation↓

EQUIPMENTS AND DRUGSBL-420 biological functional experimental

systemblood pressure transducerarterial cannuladouble concave clip iron-standthree-way tapstimulating electrode……

Jungular anatomy of rabbit

SAMPLE: rabbitMETHODS AND PROCEDURES

Weigh, anaesthesia and fixing rabbitDosage,Speed and position of injection

Operation Cut open the skin, separate the subcutaneous tissue and muscle to

expose the tracheaEndotracheal intubation: “ ”shape⊥Separate the nerves and the left common carotid artery: Separate the nerves: vagus nerve, Intubation in the left common carotid artery: Connect the arterial cannula with BL-420 biological functional experimental

system Intubation in the urinary bladder or urethra

ITEMS FOR OBSERVATION

Observes the normal blood pressure and urine volume Injection of Normal saline(15~20ml, 38 )℃stimulate the peripheral side of vagus nerve, and

make the blood pressure fluctuate around 50mmHg for 15~20 seconds

Injection of 25% glucose solution(5ml, 38℃ Injection of 1/10000 noradrenalin (0.3~0.5ml) Injection of furosemide (0.5ml) Injection of pituitrin(3~5 Iu)

QUESTIONS and PRECAUTIONS

QUESTIONSAnalyze the mechanisms of each result

PRECAUTIONS Injection should be slow during anaesthesia Protect the the marginal vein in the earAvoid injury of nerve and arteryObserve the next item until the effect of

previous one die away.