Depth of Field

Depth of Field  The distance range between the nearest

and farthest objects that appear in acceptably sharp focus.

 Depth of field depends on the lens opening, the focal length of the lens, and the distance from the lens to the subject.

The General Principles that Govern Depth of Field

Greater depth of field Less depth of field

Wide-angle lenses Telephoto lenses

High f-stop(small aperture) Low f-stop (wide aperture)

Subject far away from camera Subject close to camera

F-5.6 F-2.8

F-11 F-22

･First is a 35mm movie camera. ･Second is a 16mm movie camera (or a 2/3 inch broadcasting camera). ･Third is a 1/3 inch pro-consumer DV (Panasonic DVX100, Panasonic HVX-200) ･Forth is a consumer 1/4 inch mini -DV camera (Canon GL1, Sony TRV900)

DOF and size of film frame vs. CCD chip

Film vs. Video

Film vs. Video

Selective focus Blue - directed by Krzystof Kieslowfski

Type of Close-ups   Cut-in close-up: a magnified portion of the

preceding large scene. The audience’s curiosity should be satisfied by bringing them closer, otherwise the viewer may lose interest.

  Cut-away close-up: is related to, but not a part of, the previous scene. Cut-away close-ups may be filmed from three camera angles: Objectively, Subjectively and point-of view.

The Power of Close-ups   A properly chosen, expertly-filmed,

effectively-edited close-up can cause dramatic impact and visual clarity to the event.

  Close-up should be considered from both visual and editorial standpoints.

  Important in theatrical production: camera angle, image size and lighting of theatrical close-ups.

The Double Life of Veronique by Krzysztof Kieslowski

The Path Through the Film Camera

The Film Shutter

Reasons to Change the Shutter Angle

Adjusting the shutter angle affects the amount of time that film is exposed to light

Digital Camera Shutter

  Digital camera use an electronic shutter to achieve their shutter speeds. The camera just records for a certain amount of time for each frame.

  Higher shutter speeds is that individual frames appear sharper, due to the minimization of motion blur.

Shutter off 1/120 second 1/500 second

Camera Movement 1.  Pans 2.  Tilts 3.  Dolly Shots 4.  Hand-held shots 5.  Crane Shots 6.  Zoom Lenses 7.  The Aerial Shot

Demo Dolly and Track

  Camera movement: Tracks and skateboard dolly http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DC3ZONIhKug

  DIY your own dolly and track: http://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=ajZRTo5rr2M&NR=1 demo: reflector and diffusion