dergholm state park and mt arapiles-tooan state park...

Dergholm State Park and Mt Arapiles-Tooan State Park (Tooan Block)

August 1998

This Management Plan for Dergholm State Park and Mt Arapiles-Tooan State Park (Tooan Block) is approved for implementation. Its purpose is to direct management of the Park until the Plan is reviewed. A Draft Management Plan was published in February 1998. A total of 12 submissions were received.

Copies of the Plan can be obtained from:

Parks Victoria 378 Cotham RoadKEW VIC 3101

Parks Victoria Information Centre 35 Whitehorse RoadDEEPDENE VIC 3103 13 1963

NRE Information Centre 8 Nicholson StreetEAST MELBOURNE VIC 3002

For further information on this Plan, please contact:

Rod NewnhamChief Ranger, Grampians District, Victoria West Parks VictoriaCnr Mair & Doveton Streets BALLARAT VIC 3350 5333 6584

2 Dergholm State Park and Mt Arapiles-Tooan State Park (Tooan block)

Published in August 1998 by Parks Victoria 378 Cotham Road, Kew, Victoria, 3101

This Plan is based on a draft plan compiled by Biosis Research Pty. Ltd.

National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication entry

Parks VictoriaDergholm State Park and Mt Arapiles-Tooan State Park (Tooan block) management plan.

Bibliography.ISBN 0 7311 3127 4.

1. National parks and reserves - Victoria - Wannon - Management. 2. National parks and reserves - Victoria - Wimmera - Management. 3. Dergholm State Park (Vic.).4. Mt Arapiles - Tooan State Park (Vic.) I. Title.

333.783099457

Cover: Yellow Gum Woodland, Mt Arapiles-Tooan State Park (Tooan block) (Photo: Jessica Wilson)

Printed on recycled paper to help save our natural environment

APPROVED MANAGEMENT PLAN

Dergholm State Park and Mt Arapiles-Tooan State Park (Tooan block)

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These two areas are not widely known compared with parks like Port Campbell or Wilsons Promontory, but they have very high value for nature conservation, and they offer good opportunities for low-key recreation such as nature study, walking and camping. Their remoteness and lack of disturbance are also qualities that are increasingly valued today, especially in countries that do not have the spaciousness and relatively small population of Australia.

The Parks protect significant natural vegetation communities such as Clay Heath and Yellow Gum and Pink Gum Woodlands, and habitat for significant fauna such as Red-tailed Black- Cockatoos, Red-necked Wallabies, Bush Stone- Curlews, Swift Parrots, Painted Honeyeaters and Brush-tailed Phascogales.

Programs outside the Parks such as enhancing habitat will be encouraged. Parks should not be seen as isolated islands, separate from the surrounding area.

Under this Plan, most of Dergholm State Park and the Tooan Block of Mt Arapiles-Tooan State Park will be managed to protect sensitive natural environments and provide for minimal impact recreation activities and simple visitor facilities. Appropriate fire regimes will be determined and adopted.

Camping, picnic and walking areas at Bailey’s Rocks in Dergholm State Park will be upgraded, scenic drives developed, and information for visitors provided. Visitor facilities will not be provided in the Tooan block, but walking and nature study are appropriate activities there. (There are already visitor facilities in the popular Mt Arapiles section of the Park, which has a separate Management Plan.)

These Parks protect important parts of Victoria’s natural and cultural heritage. I look forward to the community’s support in looking after them for the future.

Marie Tehan MP Minister for Conservation and Land Management

FOREWORD


This Approved Management Plan has been prepared under section 17 of the National Parks Act 1975 (Vic.) and is approved for implementation.

Rod Gowans A/Director National Parks

The Plan provides the basis for the future management of Dergholm State Park and the Tooan block of Mt Arapiles-Tooan State Park. It was finalised following consideration of the 12 submissions received on the Draft Plan.

Mark Stone Chief Executive Parks Victoria

CONTENTS


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Dergholm State Park (10 400 ha) and the Tooan block (3 550 ha) of Mt Arapiles-Tooan State Park protect important landforms of the Wannon and Wimmera regions. The Parks are important for their unique and highly diverse vegetation communities supporting a range of significant fauna species. Two nationally significant vegetation communities occur in Dergholm State Park. Both Parks represent some of the most intact and last remaining vegetation communities within the regions.

The Parks are isolated from major population centres but are natural settings for semi-remote recreation opportunities. Activities in Dergholm State Park include walking, picnicking, nature study, camping and orienteering, with visitor facilities at Bailey’s Rocks.

The Tooan block of the Mt Arapiles-Tooan State Park is primarily managed for the protection of its natural values, hence recreation opportunities are limited. The Mt Arapiles block is the visitor focus for the Park because of the internationally renowned rock climbing opportunities there. (Mt Arapiles already has a Management Plan.)

Significant management directions for the Parks are summarised below.

· Bailey’s Rocks visitor area in Dergholm State Park will be maintained and new information and interpretation facilities will be provided.

· Testing for Cinnamon Fungus in Dergholm State Park will be undertaken.

· Flora and fauna surveys will be encouraged in the Tooan block of Mt Arapiles-Tooan State Park.

· Habitat links between the blocks in each Park will continue to be encouraged.

· Tracks in both Parks will be protected from inappropriate uses.

SUMMARY


FOREWORD iii

SUMMARY v

DERGHOLM STATE PARK AND MT ARAPILES TOOAN STATE PARK (TOOAN BLOCK)

1 INTRODUCTION 3

1.1 Location and planning area 31.2 Regional context 31.3 Significance of the Parks 31.4 Creation of the Parks 41.5 Legislation and guidelines 41.6 Park management aims 5

2 STRATEGIC DIRECTIONS 6

2.1 Park vision 62.2 Management directions 62.3 Zoning 7

DERGHOLM STATE PARK

3 RESOURCE CONSERVATION 11

3.1 Geological and landform features 113.2 Vegetation 113.3 Fauna 123.4 Landscape 133.5 Cultural heritage 13

4 PARK PROTECTION 15

4.1 Fire management 154.2 Pest plants and animals, and diseases 164.3 Soil conservation 17

5 THE PARK VISIT 19

5.1 The Park visitor 195.2 Visitor recreation activities and facilities 19

5.2.1 Vehicle access 195.2.2 Day visits and camping 225.2.3 Walking 235.2.4 Orienteering 23


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5.3 Visitor information, interpretation and education 245.4 Commercial tourism operations 245.5 Public safety 25

6 COMMUNITY AWARENESS AND INVOLVEMENT 26

6.1 Friends and volunteers 266.2 Community awareness and Park neighbours 26

7 OTHER ISSUES 27

7.1 Authorised uses 277.2 Boundaries and adjacent uses 27

8 IMPLEMENTATION 29

MT ARAPILES - TOOAN STATE PARK (TOOAN BLOCK)

9 RESOURCE CONSERVATION 33

9.1 Geological and landform features 339.2 Vegetation 339.3 Fauna 349.4 Landscape 349.5 Cultural heritage 35

10 PARK PROTECTION 36

10.1 Fire management 3610.2 Pest plants and animals, and diseases 3710.3 Soil conservation 38

11 THE PARK VISIT 39

11.1 The Park visitor 3911.2 Visitor recreation activities and facilities 39

11.2.1 Vehicle access 3911.2.2 Day visits, camping and walking 41

11.3 Visitor information and interpretation 4111.4 Commercial tourism operations 4111.5 Public safety 42

12 COMMUNITY AWARENESS AND INVOLVEMENT 43

12.1 Friends and volunteers 4312.2 Community awareness and Park neighbours 43

13 OTHER ISSUES 44

13.1 Authorised uses 4413.2 Boundaries and adjacent uses 44


14 IMPLEMENTATION 46

REFERENCES 47

TABLES

1 Park management zones - Dergholm State Park 82 Park management zones and overlay - Tooan block 8

Dergholm State Park3 Summary of recreational activities 204 Management of roads and tracks 215 Priority management strategies 29

Mt Arapiles-Tooan State Park (Tooan block)6 Summary of recreational activities 407 Management of roads and tracks 408 Priority management strategies 46

APPENDICES

1 Significant flora - Dergholm State Park 492 Significant flora - Tooan block 513 Significant fauna 52

FIGURES

1 Regional locality plan End of Plan2 Dergholm State Park management zones, recreation

and access "3 Mt Arapiles-Tooan State Park (Tooan block ) management

zones, recreation and access "

viii Dergholm State Park and Mt Arapiles-Tooan State Park (Tooan block)

DERGHOLM STATE PARK AND

MT ARAPILES-TOOAN STATE PARK (TOOAN BLOCK)

INTRODUCTION AND

STRATEGIC DIRECTIONS

Introduction


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1 INTRODUCTION

This Plan covers both Dergholm State Park and the Tooan block of Mt Arapiles-Tooan State Park. The Parks have been considered together in the planning process, particularly in relation to regional issues, but a number of management aims and actions are specific to each Park.This is reflected in the plan format: Sections 1 and 2 deal with both Parks together, and then the document is divided into separate sections dealing with each Park.

There is a separate Management Plan for the Mt Arapiles block of the Mt Arapiles-Tooan State Park (DCE 1991).

1.1 Location and planning areaDergholm State Park (10 400 ha) is located to the north and north-east of Dergholm and Casterton in western Victoria, about 390 km from Melbourne (figure 1). It consists of two blocks, the Youpayang block in the east and the Bogalara block in the west. The blocks are separated by the Glenelg River and private land.

Mt Arapiles-Tooan State Park (5 061 ha) is in the Wimmera about 80 km north-east of Dergholm State Park, 46 km west of Horsham and 340 km north-west of Melbourne (figure 1). This Park is also in two blocks, Mt Arapiles (including Mitre Rock) and the Tooan block.

This plan covers:

· Youpayang and Bogalara blocks of Dergholm State Park (10 400 ha);

· the Tooan block (3 550 ha) of Mt Arapiles- Tooan State Park (5 061 ha), including the Tooan Reference Area (430 ha).

1.2 Regional contextDergholm State Park, although isolated from major populated centres, is centrally located in relation to a number of towns, parks and tourist routes in south-west Victoria (figure 1). Bailey’s Rocks in the Bogalara block is the most visited area in the Park, although overall visitor numbers are low. The Park supports

significant natural environments of the Wannon region.

A network of roads and tracks provides opportunities for low-key activities. Major activities are based on natural attributes such as walking, sight-seeing, camping, orienteering and nature study.

The Bogalara block is surrounded almost entirely by freehold land used for cropping and sheep grazing. The Youpayang block has a variety of surrounding land tenures including State forest on the eastern boundary, the Glenelg River along small sections of the western boundary and freehold for the remainder, in which cropping and sheep grazing are the major uses (figure 2).

Other public land in the region is mostly State forest with relatively low opportunities for recreation and tourism.

Dergholm State Park and the Tooan block of Mt Arapiles-Tooan State Park have different visitor use and management requirements.

Mt Arapiles-Tooan State Park is at the western edge of the Wimmera. The Mt Arapiles block is world famous for its rock climbing opportunities and therefore receives the majority of visitors to the Park. Tooan block on the other hand has few visitors but has significant natural values. Visitor use is mostly restricted to nature study, with some driving and walking.

The block is bordered by farmland with uncommitted Crown land to the west and south. The Wimmera Highway adjoins the south- eastern corner and the St Mary’s Lake Reserve adjoins the eastern side (figure 3).

Other parks and reserves in the region include Grampians National Park, Black Range State Park, Little Desert National Park and Lower Glenelg National Park, all providing semi- remote tourism and recreation opportunities.

1.3 Significance of the ParksDergholm State Park and the Tooan block of Mt Arapiles-Tooan State Park make a valuable contribution to Victoria’s parks system, which

Introduction


aims to protect viable representative samples of the State’s natural environments occurring on public land. The Parks also provide opportunities for visitors to enjoy and appreciate natural and cultural values.

The Parks are assigned the IUCN Category II (National Parks) of the United Nations’ List of National Parks and Protected Areas. Category II areas are managed primarily for ecosystem conservation and appropriate recreation.

Significant features of the Parks are summarised below.

Natural values

Dergholm State Park

· Significant vegetation communities including Swampy Riparian, Clay Heath, Yellow Gum and Pink Gum Woodlands.

· Important fauna habitat for a range of threatened fauna such as the Red-tailed Black-Cockatoo, as well as numerous regionally significant species.

· Spectacular wildflower displays.

Tooan block

· Important fauna habitat for a range of threatened fauna such as the Malleefowl.

· Relatively intact and weed-free habitats with minimal threats from recreation and other uses.

· One of the few blocks of public land in the South-West Wimmera supporting woodland tree species and intact and interesting drainage lines.

Cultural values

Dergholm State Park

· Sites of interest associated with European history, including Bailey’s Rocks.

Tooan block

· Significant Aboriginal archaeological sites in the Tooan block.

Tourism and recreation values

Dergholm State Park

· Opportunities to experience nature-based recreation activities such as walking, picnicking and camping.

· A focus for orienteering events for Victorians and South Australians.

Tooan block

· Excellent opportunities for nature appreciation, because of its intact and diverse habitats.

1.4 Creation of the ParksFollowing the LCC South-Western Area District 1 Review Final Recommendations (LCC 1983), Dergholm State Park was included on Schedule Two B of the National Parks Act and proclaimed on 23 September 1992 under the National Parks (Amendment) Act 1989 (Vic.).

Following the LCC South-Western Area District 2 Final Recommendations (LCC 1982), the Tooan block, as part of the Mt Arapiles- Tooan State Park, was included on Schedule 3 (Other Parks) and proclaimed on 17 December 1987 under the National Parks (Amendment) Act 1987 (Vic.) and transferred to the new Schedule Two B (State Parks) in 1989.

1.5 Legislation and guidelinesDergholm State Park and Mt Arapiles-Tooan State Park are reserved and managed under the National Parks Act. The Act requires the Director to preserve the natural condition of the Parks and their natural and other features and, subject to this, to provide for the use of the Parks by the public for enjoyment, recreation and education. The Act also provides for appropriate research.

The Tooan Reference Area is proclaimed under the provisions of the Reference Areas Act 1978 (Vic.) and managed in accordance with Ministerial directives and the relevant guideline. Within this area, which form a reference for comparative study purposes, natural processes are to be allowed to continue undisturbed.

Introduction


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Recommendations of the former Land Conservation Council (LCC 1982; 1983) relating to the Parks include providing for recreational and educational experiences associated with enjoying and understanding the natural environment. A recommendation in relation to both Parks was to provide for apiculture.

The Parks are managed in accordance with park guidelines for the management of parks and LCC recommendations and other plans and guidelines, including:

· Portland Region Fire Protection Plan (CFL 1989a)

· Horsham Region Fire Protection Plan (CFL 1989b)

· Code of Practice for Fire Management on Public Land (CNR 1995a).

1.6 Park management aimsSections 4 (Objects) and 17 of the National Parks Act provide the basis for management of the Parks. The following management aims are derived from those sections, and as such broadly govern all aspects of park management.

Resource conservation· Preserve and protect the natural

environment.

· Allow natural environmental processes to continue with the minimum of disturbance, and maintain biodiversity.

· Conserve features of archaeological, historical and cultural significance.

Park protection· Protect water catchments and streams.

· Protect human life, the Parks and adjacent lands from injury by fire.

· Eradicate or otherwise control introduced plants, animals and diseases.

The Park visit· Provide opportunities for appropriate

recreation and tourism.

· Promote and encourage an appreciation, understanding and enjoyment of the Parks’ natural and cultural values and their recreational opportunities.

· Encourage appropriate park use and visitor behaviour, and foster a conservation ethic in visitors and an understanding of minimal impact behaviour.

· Take reasonable steps to ensure the safety of visitors.

Other· Provide for and encourage scientific

research, surveys and monitoring that will contribute to a better understanding and management of the Parks.

· Co-operate with local, State and Commonwealth government authorities, the community and other interested organisations to assist in the management of the Parks.

Strategic directions


2 STRATEGIC DIRECTIONS

2.1 Park vision

Dergholm State ParkA future visitor to Dergholm State Park will see a natural and undisturbed environment with habitats not protected elsewhere in the region. The Park is well known for its significant natural values and semi-remote visitor experiences. A number of recreation activities are encouraged, and structures are in keeping with a semi-remote atmosphere. Popular activities include nature study, sight-seeing, camping and walking. Bailey’s Rocks is the major visitor focus, having recreation, interpretation and information facilities. The Park is increasingly valued as a nature-based location for recreation and tourism activities which do not detract from its isolated atmosphere.

Tooan blockA future visitor to the Tooan block of Mt Arapiles-Tooan State Park finds a remote and significant component of Victoria’s park system, particularly representing a relatively undisturbed Wimmera land system. The unusually diverse environments show little disturbance from visitor use, fire or pest plants and animals, and the Park is prized for its diverse habitats. Promotion of the block is minimal, although visitors to the popular Mt Arapiles block are aware of Tooan’s role in the Park in protecting high conservation values. Visitor numbers are low and there are no visitor facilities; the main visitor use is nature-study and walking. There is a sense of ownership of the Park by the local community, which has a continuing role in its management.

2.2 Management directionsFuture visitors will view the Parks as having independent identities; they are separated geographically and the experiences each offers are unique. Management directions are specific to each Park although some regional issues are related.

Major management directions for the Parks are outlined below.

Resource conservation

Dergholm State Park

· Emphasis will be given to managing the diversity of vegetation communities with active and achievable weed control and the application of appropriate fire regimes.

· Fauna surveys will be undertaken to provide baseline data.

· Protection of vegetation communities will be achieved by closing and rehabilitating a number of tracks.

· Support will be given to programs outside the Park that complement park management, such as protection of Red- tailed Black-Cockatoos and pest plant and animal control.

Tooan block

· Emphasis will be given to managing the diversity of vegetation communities with active and achievable weed control and the application of appropriate fire regimes.

· Flora and fauna surveys will be encouraged to provide baseline data, in particular the monitoring of Malleefowl.

· Programs outside the block that complement aspects of park management such as protection of Red-tailed Black- Cockatoos, habitat retention and pest plant and animal control will be supported.

Park protection

Dergholm State Park

· The current fire management plans will be modified to ensure that ecological requirements, particularly of heath vegetation, are taken into account.

· The presence or otherwise of Cinnamon Fungus will be investigated.



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· Control of pine, Blackberry, Coast Wattle and other localised weeds will be given priority.

· Rocky Creek will be monitored and protected from visitor use and other potential impacts.

Tooan block

· The current fire management plan will be modified to ensure that ecological requirements are taken into account.

The Park visit

Dergholm State Park

· The design of the visitor area at Bailey’s Rocks will be reviewed, and camping and picnic facilities will be maintained.

· Interpretation facilities at Bailey’s Rocks, and improved information signage, will be provided.

· Opportunities for scenic driving will be provided.

Tooan block

· Improved information signage will be provided.

2.3 ZoningA park management zoning scheme has been developed for each Park to:

· provide a geographic framework in which to manage the Parks;

· indicate which management directions have priority in different parts of the Parks;

· indicate the types and levels of use appropriate throughout the Parks;

· assist in minimising existing and potential conflicts between uses and activities, or between those and the protection of park values; and

· provide a basis for assessing the suitability of future activities and development proposals.

Two management zones apply to the Dergholm State Park: Conservation, and Conservation and Recreation.

These zones are described in table 1, and figure 2 shows their location.

Two management zones apply to Mt Arapiles- Tooan State Park (Tooan block): Conservation and Reference Area. In addition, a special protection area overlay is used to indicate management requirements additional to underlying management zones.

The zones and overlay in the Tooan block are described in table 2, and figure 3 shows their location.


TABLE 1 PARK MANAGEMENT ZONES - DERGHOLM STATE PARK

MANAGEMENT ZONES

CONSERVATION AND RECREATION CONSERVATION

AREA/LOCATION Bailey’s Rocks and surrounding area,Bogalara block (figure 2).

250 ha, 2.5 % of the Park.

VALUES Areas of sensitive environments or less sensitive natural environments supporting a range of geological, cultural and recreation values.

Remainder of Bogalara block and all of Youpayang block.

10 150 ha, 97.5 % of the Park.

Broad areas of very high natural values with minimal disturbance from recreation.

GENERAL MANAGEMENT AIM

Protect less sensitive natural environments, and provide for sustainable dispersed recreation activities and small-scale recreation facilities without significant impact on natural processes.

Protect sensitive natural environments, and provide for minimal impact recreation activities and simple visitor facilities subject to ensuring minimal interference to natural processes.

TABLE 2 PARK MANAGEMENT ZONES AND OVERLAY - TOOAN BLOCK

MANAGEMENT ZONES OVERLAY

CONSERVATION REFERENCE AREA SPECIAL PROTECTIONAREA

AREA/LOCATION Majority of the Park.

3 120 ha, 88 % of the block.

VALUES Large areas of sensitive and important vegetation communities and diverse habitats.

Tooan Reference Area.

430 ha, 12 % of the block.

Relatively undisturbed land types and associated vegetation, representative of ridges and flats of the Wimmera plain.

Area detailed in figure 3.

A number of Malleefowl nests within the Special Protection Area.

GENERAL MANAGEMENT AIM

Protect sensitive natural environments and provide for minimal impact recreation activities and simple visitor facilities, subject to ensuring minimal interference to natural processes.

Protect viable samples of one or more land types that are relatively undisturbed for comparative study with similar land types elsewhere, by keeping all human interference to the essential minimum and ensuring as far as practicable that the only long-term change results from natural processes.

Protect specific natural or cultural values in specific areas and sites where a special management focus is required.



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DERGHOLM STATE PARK


Dergholm State Park 11

3 RESOURCE CONSERVATION

3.1 Geological and landform features

The Park lies between three geomorphic units: the Dundas Tablelands, the Wimmera Plains and the Dergholm Platform (LCC 1981). It is in the Kanawinka Land System, characterised by gentle dunes and sheets of acidic siliceous Malanganee sands overlying Tertiary sandy deposits and fossil laterite. The Glenelg valley dissects the two blocks of the Park. Small areas of the Lowan Land System occur in the eastern edge of the Bogalara block, forming a flat plain of Miocene limestone with lagoon deposits (LCC 1981). The Salt Creek Fault, the result of earth movements in the late Pliocene, is near the southern boundary of the Park.

The main feature of geological interest is Bailey’s Rocks, a group of large granite tors along Rocky Creek. Visitor use at this site has caused some disturbance and degradation through loss of vegetation and soil compaction along tracks (section 5.3).

Aim

· Minimise impacts from visitors on sensitive geological features.

Management strategy

· Monitor visitor impacts on geological features, particularly Rocky Creek and Bailey’s Rocks.

3.2 VegetationSouth-western Victoria has been extensively cleared of native vegetation and the whole Park is important for the conservation of remaining native flora in the region.

A recent vegetation survey was undertaken in the Park and a report prepared (Rankin 1997).

Eleven Ecological Vegetation Classes (EVCs) have been identified in the Park: Sedge Wetland, unclassified Drainage Line, Swampy Riparian Woodland, Riparian Scrub, Wet Heath, Clay Heath, Sandy Heathy Woodland, Heathy Herb-rich Woodland, Lateritic Heathy

Woodland, Alluvial Terraces Herb-rich Woodland and Granitic Hills Herb-rich Woodland (Rankin 1997). The Heathy Woodlands are the most common community in the Park and are one of the most intact examples of this community type in Victoria (Rankin 1997). The Yellow Gum and Pink Gum Woodlands within the Bogalara block are not well represented in any other park in Victoria.

At least 413 native vascular species have been recorded in the Park. Of these, two are of national significance: Clover Glycine, which is listed under the Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act 1988 (Vic), and the Grampians Guinea- flower. A further five species are of State significance (appendix 1). A number of regionally significant species are found in the Park (appendix 1) and a further seven species of uncertain significance have been recorded (Rankin 1997).

Two sites of botanical significance occur within the Park. One of these is the Swampy Riparian Woodland in the south-west of the Youpayang block. Restricted to a short stretch of creek, its significance arises from a number of significant species including the Glenelg Pomaderris, representing an extension to its current distribution. The second site is in the Clay Heath which occurs in four sites in the Youpayang block. Its significance includes the occurrence of Guinea-flowers which are almost entirely confined nationally to Clay Heath within the Park. Further investigation to determine the distribution of these species is important in the development of programs to conserve the species (Rankin 1997).

Clay Heaths are also widespread mainly in Bogalara but with some important stands in Youpayang, and the distinctive circular swamps in Youpayang block support Sedge Wetland. The Bogalara block in particular contains a mosaic of heath communities with species normally found in drier areas (LCC 1983).

An appropriate fire regime is an important requirement for vegetation management in the Park (section 4.1). Inappropriate fire regimes and the potential introduction and spread of


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Dergholm State Park

Cinnamon Fungus are the major threats to the Park (section 4.1 and 4.2).

Aims

· Conserve native plant communities in their natural condition, and maintain and enhance habitat diversity while allowing natural environmental processes to continue.

· Provide special protection for significant plant species and communities.

Management strategies

· Manage Flora and Fauna Guarantee listed species and communities according to approved Action Statements.

· Actively manage vegetation communities to retain habitat and community diversity by giving priority to the control of pest plants such as Coast Wattle and Blackberry in Swampy Riparian Woodland, and adopting appropriate fire regimes, particularly in Clay Heath habitats (sections 4.1 and 4.2).

· Protect sites of botanical significance, and encourage ongoing monitoring of these areas.

· Encourage the investigation of species of uncertain significance as identified by Rankin (1997).

3.3 FaunaThere has been little fauna survey work in the Park, and although recent fauna surveys have been undertaken (in early 1997) they were not comprehensive. Significant species are listed in appendix 3. Further surveys are required.

Occurring in both blocks (Joseph et al. 1991) is the threatened Red-tailed Black-Cockatoo and Brolga (NRE 1998), both listed under the Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act (appendix 3). The Red-tailed Black-Cockatoo uses distinct habitats: woodland and forests of Brown Stringybark, such as those within the Park, are used for feeding (Joseph et al. 1991), and pasture and State forest areas with mature trees for roosting and nesting. The main threat to this species is loss of roost and nest trees in areas outside the reserve system. Within the

Park, feeding habitat may be affected by fuel reduction burning (Joseph et al. 1991).

Other significant species potentially present and the communities they occur in include the Bush Stone-Curlew (Red Gum/Yellow Gum woodlands with fallen timber), Swift Parrot (flowering Red Gum/Yellow Gum woodlands, possibly Heathy Woodland), Painted Honeyeater (woodlands with mistletoe), and Brush-tailed Phascogale (woodlands). The regionally significant Red-necked Wallaby is present in the Park; this species has declined considerably in western Victoria in the last few decades.

The two blocks are separated by the Glenelg River and freehold land. Improved habitat links between the blocks and the River would help maintain fauna populations.

Aims

· Conserve native fauna and maintain the integrity of their habitats.

· Protect genetic diversity of native populations and maintain habitat diversity.



· Ensure that any management activities have no adverse impacts on fauna, particularly Red-tailed Black-Cockatoos.

· Undertake further fauna surveys of the Park as a matter of priority to document faunal values, particularly targeting known and potentially significant species.

· Maintain habitat diversity for faunal values by adopting an appropriate fire regime and undertaking weed control (section 4.1 and 4.2).

· Encourage habitat links and enhancement between and adjacent to the blocks (section 7.2).



· Continue to support programs to protect roosting and nesting sites for Red-tailed Black-Cockatoos outside the Park.

· Monitor the Park’s populations of Red- tailed Black-Cockatoos and Brolgas as part of existing integrated programs such as Landcare and Land for Wildlife.

3.4 LandscapeThe Park is generally uniform in its topography, dominated by undulating sand dunes supporting heath and heathy woodland environments. Wet gullies and large swamps are more common in the Youpayang block.

Bailey’s Rocks visitor area is a natural setting among granite rocks and tors, and there is a scenic walk through Rocky Creek. There are no lookouts and generally no views from within the Park.

Most visitors view the Park from its roads and tracks; the major roads generally pass through uniform woodland. There are no constructions that impede the visual quality of the Park, and although adjoining land is cleared it gives some visual interest along boundary tracks, particularly in the Youpayang block.

Aim

· Protect and preserve the landscape values of the Park, particularly in areas of high scenic quality and viewer interest.

Management strategy

· Minimise the visual impacts of maintenance and fire protection activities.

3.5 Cultural heritageThere are currently only three known Aboriginal sites in the Park and these are scarred trees. However, the majority of the Dergholm area has not been surveyed, nor is there information available relating to the Aboriginal cultural heritage values of the Park (AAV 1997).

The Jardwadjali formed the language boundary covering a large area west of the Grampians. The Kanal gundidj clan, which was located on

the Glenelg River near the Chetwynd River east of the Youpayang block, was the closest known clan to the Park. The clan may also have been associated with the Dergholm area (Clark 1990).

The Kerrup Jmara Aboriginal Corporation is the relevant authority for cultural heritage in the Park. All Aboriginal sites are protected under the Archaeological and Aboriginal Relics Preservation Act 1972 (Vic.) and the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Heritage Protection Act 1984 (Cwlth). An application for a native title determination was lodged with the Native Title Tribunal in 1997, covering, among other areas, Dergholm State Park.

Past European use of the area included grazing and timber harvesting. John Bailey leased the area from 1888 to 1907 and built a slab house at what is now known as Bailey’s Rocks (LCC 1996). Remnants of the homestead (brick and stone rubble) are visible in the visitor area.

The Special Investigation of South-Western Victoria’s Historic Places (LCC 1997) gave a local historical significance rating to Bailey’s Rocks. An investigation or survey of this site has not been undertaken (S. Ransome, pers. comm.).

Evidence of past timber harvesting can be seen in the Park; disused temporary mill sites are located throughout it.

Aims

· Protect Aboriginal archaeological sites.

· Conserve significant features and landscapes of historic and cultural significance.


· Identify, protect, interpret and manage Aboriginal sites, in consultation with the Kerrup Jmara Aboriginal Corporation and Aboriginal Affairs Victoria, in accordance with Parks Victoria guidelines. Monitor and ensure that management works do not adversely affect sites.

· Encourage an archaeological survey of the Park.


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Dergholm State Park

· Assess the historical significance of Bailey’s Homestead and Bailey’s Rocks, and conserve and interpret significant features as appropriate.

· Manage historic places in accordance with Parks Victoria guidelines.

· Liaise with relevant experts regarding any assessments of and conservation works on European historic places, including Bailey’s Rocks.

Park protection


4 PARK PROTECTION

4.1 Fire managementThe National Parks Act requires the Director of National Parks to ensure that appropriate and sufficient measures are taken to protect parks and people from injury by fire. Current fire protection measures are in accordance with the Department’s Code of Practice for Fire Management on Public Land (CNR 1995a) and with the (former) Portland Region Fire Protection Plan (CFL 1989a), which is currently being reviewed. This plan provides for the maintenance of the Park’s system of fire protection tracks and for liaison with private landholders for the common purpose of fire management in the Park and on adjacent land.

Parks Victoria works closely with the Country Fire Authority in relation to fire management, particularly for integrated wildfire control, planning and suppression.

Most fire in the last decade has been fuel reduction burning along strategic corridors in each block. Until recently no major wildfires had occurred in the Park for some time. In 1995 a lightning strike caused a fire in the Youpayang block which was contained to a relatively small area. In January 1997, a large fire burnt a section in the east and north of the Youpayang block as well as adjoining State forest and private land.

The heath communities in particular show a long adaptation to fire (Rankin 1997), although a number of factors point towards a fire regime which may be too frequent. The limited distribution of Desert Banksia and the absence of Hakea from the Clay Heath community suggests a frequent fire regime (Rankin 1997). Comparison of fire histories of the two blocks would assist in this understanding. A review of fire in Heathy Woodland to allow for the regeneration of Desert Banksia is also required (Rankin 1997).

The current burning regime of regularly burnt strategic corridors may result in ecological impacts in the corridor areas but maintain lower fire frequencies in other areas.

Burning frequencies of eight years or less can be expected to cause ecological change in heathy communities. The preferred frequency range for ecological management is 12-25 years, with a range of fire ages present at any one time over the whole Park. Riparian areas (at least the wetter ones) and wetlands require lower fire frequencies (at least 15 years, preferably longer) and do not need intentional burning. Red Gum/Yellow Gum Woodlands will not often carry a fire and do not require ecological burning; fires caused by a high fuel load of introduced grasses can occur and can be damaging to these woodlands.

Autumn burning will usually lead to more rapid regeneration (because it avoids the dry summer period) and is safer in terms of risks of re-lights.

The review of the fire protection measures in the Fire Protection Plan presents an opportunity to make provisions for the many plant species and communities which require an appropriate fire regime to maintain their populations.

Modifications to the Fire Protection Plan for strategic burning are based on establishing burning zones at intervals surrounding land units of approximately 5 000 ha. On this basis, no burning zone is required in the Bogalara block, but a zone 2 is required for the Youpayang block. The strategic breaks will be based on the current track system.

Fire protection and suppression need to be carefully undertaken to protect communities from the potential introduction of Cinnamon Fungus (section 4.2).

A number of water points are strategically located within the Park, three of them along Tallengower Road.

Aims

· Protect human life, property and park values from injury by fire.

· Maintain fire regimes appropriate to the conservation of native flora and fauna.

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Dergholm State Park

· Minimise the adverse effects of all fires and fire suppression methods on park values.


· Modify the existing fire protection plan to allow for the creation of strategic breaks (figure 2) which can be used during fire suppression operations to assist in containing the maximum size of a wildfire to 5 000 ha.

· Liaise with NRE to ensure adequate protection of park values in the current revision of the fire protection plan and implement the plan when finalised.

· Undertake fire-suppression in accordance with the current Portland Region Fire Protection Plan (CFL 1989a) and the Code of Practice for Fire Management on Public Land (CNR 1995a).

· Monitor and compile a fire history of the Park and compare fire histories of the two blocks, to assist in management of the heath communities.

· In the absence of wildfires, create a rotating patch burning approach in the heathy woodlands and heathlands, with a rotation time of 15-30 years.

· Do not actively burn vegetation types that do not have an ecological requirement for fire (riparian and wetland areas, grassy woodlands). Identify Banksia and Hakea areas to assist in their protection from fire.

· To prevent the spread of pathogens, ensure that appropriate hygiene strategies are implemented.

· Ensure that the movement of earth-moving machinery for fire protection and other works is adequately supervised.

· Maintain strategic fire breaks as shown in figure 2. Slash only when necessary for fuel reduction burning, and allow to regenerate during intervening periods.

· Ensure that water points are maintained.

4.2 Pest plants and animals, and diseases

Approximately 60 introduced plant species have been recorded in the Park (Rankin 1997). This relatively low number of pest plants is largely due to the infertility of the sandy soils. The only significant pest plant issues in the sandy areas are the presence of the highly invasive environmental weed Coast Wattle in the eastern section of Youpayang block, and the pine wildings that are widely but sparsely distributed through the Park. Eradication of Coast Wattle should be a matter of high priority. Control of pine wildings is less urgent but should be carried out consistently (section 7.2). Adjacent plantations are a potential source of environmental weeds.

The more fertile soils of the grassy woodlands support higher numbers of weeds, mostly wind-dispersed grasses for which control is generally not feasible, although minimising disturbance will reduce their spread. Rankin (1997) noted a small area in the south-west of Youpayang that had more severe weed problems (Blackberry, Patersons Curse etc.), where specific control measures are likely to be effective.

The pest animal issues in the Park do not appear to be serious. Control measures should concentrate on foxes (which have the most severe impact on wildlife) and rabbits (where they are damaging park or surrounding land values). Current rabbit populations are not high and are mainly located along Park boundaries, but if the calicivirus becomes established in the area, there will be a critical opportunity to control this species through a follow-up program, particularly the ripping of burrows.

There are many areas of dieback within the Park (Rankin 1997). The cause of this has not been confirmed but could be Cinnamon Fungus, altered drainage regimes or once-off effects such as drought or heavy insect attack (as is suggested by the regeneration of some dieback areas), or a combination of these

Park protection


factors. There are major implications for park management if Cinnamon Fungus is identified.

Aims

· Control, and where possible eradicate, pest plants and animals in the Park.

· Protect the Park from other threats and diseases, in particular Cinnamon Fungus, and new infestations of non-indigenous species.

· Minimise the impact of control programs on native flora and fauna.


· Prepare a pest plant control strategy for the Park which includes:

· eradicating Coast Wattle as a priority;· regular programs to control pine

wildings;· undertaking spot control of localised

weedy areas;· targeting priority weed species

including Radiata Pine, Blackberry, Patersons Curse and Wild Carrot;

· identifying any further priority weed species;

· monitoring and controlling new occurrences of pest plants before they have an opportunity to establish.

· Undertake soil testing for Cinnamon Fungus as a matter of high priority; if found, develop and implement a Cinnamon Fungus control plan in accordance with Parks Victoria guidelines.

· To prevent the spread of pathogens, ensure that appropriate hygiene strategies are implemented (including the cleaning of road-making equipment after use in accordance with Parks Victoria guidelines).

· Control Blackberry in Swampy Riparian Woodland using mechanical means (to avoid damage to significant swamp vegetation by herbicides).

· Prior to preparation of the pest plant control strategy, conduct weed

management according to the above priorities.

· Continue to control foxes; control rabbits as necessary, with emphasis on follow-up control if Calicivirus infects the population. Co-ordinate control programs with neighbouring landholders (section 6.2).

4.3 Soil conservationThe soils are poorly structured in most of the region and are characterised by sheets and low dunes of heavily leached and infertile aeolian white siliceous sand (LCC 1981). As a result, the sandy soils of the Park are susceptible to disturbance from vehicle use and road maintenance, particularly in heathy areas. Areas of clay soil, such as in the north-eastern area of the Bogalara block (section 5.2.1), are also sensitive to vehicle use during wetter times of the year.

Tracks in the southern section of the Youpayang block give access to adjoining properties, such as a piggery. Heavy vehicle use of the sandy track through heath environments is causing erosion (section 5.2.1). Associated problems include the potential of weed seed dispersal from fodder.

Damage to Rocky Creek has been caused by previous mining attempts, stock access and visitors.

Aim

· Prevent and control soil disturbance and erosion caused by visitor and management activities.


· Monitor tracks for soil erosion and disturbance and take action where necessary, particularly on sandy tracks in heath environments and at Bailey’s Rocks (section 3.1).

· Ensure that grading works do not alter drainage lines.

· Revegetate degraded areas, particularly areas along Rocky Creek, as necessary.

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Dergholm State Park

· Ensure that the movement of earth-moving machinery for fire protection and other works is adequately supervised.

· Maintain tracks in wet clay areas (northern section of the Bogalara block) as management vehicles and walkers only tracks (section 5.2.1 and figure 2).

The Park visit


5 THE PARK VISIT

5.1 The Park visitorDergholm State Park offers visitors opportunities to enjoy activities including picnicking, camping and nature study in a semi-remote setting.

Use of the Park is primarily by people living in the region and by groups undertaking organised and special activities such as camping and orienteering. Future use of the Park is not likely to increase significantly because of large travelling distances from major population centres.

Visitor numbers are generally higher in the Bogalara block because of the attraction of Bailey’s Rocks. An estimated 3000 people visit the Park per year, although there are no official visitor statistics and generally no peak usage times. A few large groups undertake activities such as orienteering, and school groups use the Park throughout the year.

The Park falls within Tourism Victoria’s Grampians product region.

Providing for the visitorDergholm State Park offers opportunities for a number of recreational experiences, although because of its remoteness it is likely to have limited appeal to most park visitor segments. The key opportunities are:

· accessible and easy nature-based activities such as sight-seeing and pleasure driving (including four-wheel driving);

· walking, picnicking, camping and orienteering;

· nature study.

Future management will focus on Bailey’s Rocks as the major visitor site. Existing visitor facilities will be maintained and visitor information enhanced. Other opportunities will be maintained by protecting the semi- remote nature and significant natural values of the Park to provide for these visitor segments.

Aim

· Provide for visitors in accordance with the above overview of future management for visitors.


· Permit recreational activities in accordance with table 3.

· Provide and maintain facilities which highlight, but are in keeping with, the area’s distinctive characteristics (section5.2 and table 4).

· Apply market survey findings on visitor profiles, patterns of behaviour, expectations and preferences to assist in park management.

· Monitor visitor numbers and use to ensure adequate provision of facilities consistent with appropriate types and levels of use.

· Encourage all visitors to adopt minimal impact techniques and adhere to codes of conduct appropriate to their activity.

5.2 Visitor recreation activities and facilities

5.2.1 Vehicle accessA road and track plan has not been developed for Dergholm State Park and there is a need to update current maps of the area. Some tracks are not required for fire protection or other management purposes. Tracks in the large heath areas in the Bogalara block require rationalising to protect sensitive heath environments. A reduced road network is desirable for the maintenance of the Park’s natural values and to reduce management costs while still maintaining fire access and access to water points.

There are also opportunities for the use and development of tracks for recreation such as walking, scenic driving and four-wheel driving. A number of existing tracks,

20 Dergholm State Park

The Park visit

TABLE 3 SUMMARY OF RECREATIONAL ACTIVITIES

ACTIVITY CONSERVATION ZONE CONSERVATION &RECREATION ZONE

Picnicking (facilities) N YWalking Y YCamping N YC (5.2.2)Bicycle riding YC (5.2.2) YC(5.2.2)Horse riding YC (5.2.2) YC (5.2.2)Scenic driving/4WD touring YC (5.2.1) YOrienteering YC (5.2.4) YC (5.2.4)Fossicking N NHang gliding, paragliding N/A N/AFirewood collection only (for use only in the Park) YC (5.2.2) YHunting N NDogs N YC (5.2.2)

Y YesYC Conditional - refer to relevant section

N Not appropriateN/A Not applicable

particularly in the Youpayang block, provide opportunities for low levels of four-wheel driving.

The Dergholm-Chetwynd Road and Tallengower Road (seasonal roads) are the major roads through the Youpayang block and are often used as an access route to Dergholm or Chetwynd by local residents.

Some roadworks in the past have altered drainage patterns adjacent to Park tracks. This is a particular problem in waterlogged areas where Cinnamon Fungus could be introduced and spread by machinery or vehicles. Evidence of dieback is seen near roadworks and drainage lines, although the fungus has not been identified in the Park (section 4.2). The road from Dergholm into Youpayang block is used by local farmers, particularly for access to the piggery on the south-west boundary. Part of this track is a shire road (Nolans Creek Road) but most is within the Park. Heavy vehicle use on the dune sands on the small section of track in the Park (figure 2) is currently impacting on

the heath environment and sandy soils. The track is surplus to recreation or management requirements for the Park. When the sand becomes impassable, alternative access along Rocky Creek Road is used. The access tracks to the piggery are on the boundary between the Shires of West Wimmera and Glenelg.

Aims

· Provide and maintain an appropriate network of sign-posted roads, tracks for recreation and management purposes.

· Minimise the impacts of vehicles and track management on the Park’s natural and cultural values.


· Manage and permit use of roads and tracks in accordance with table 4 and figure 2.

· Install signs on MVO tracks. Monitor for disturbance and install gates if required.

The Park visit


TABLE 4 MANAGEMENT OF ROADS AND TRACKS

CURRENT FUTURE

ROAD OR TRACK NAME CLASS STATUS STATUS COMMENTSYoupayang blockDergholm-Chetwynd Road 1/2 O O (2) Road Reserve. Serves as public access

to these towns. Horse riding permitted. Maintain regularly as a serviceable road.

Tallengower Road 1/2 O O Road Reserve. Serves as public access to local towns. Horse riding permitted.

Nolans Creek Road 2 O Osouth-west access road (off Dergholm-Chetwynd Road)

2 O Close Part of access track to piggery. Close and rehabilitate to protect heath environments (figure 2). Surplus to recreation needs or fire management purposes.

south-west boundary track 2 O O Part of access track to piggery (section 5.2.1).

Rocky Creek Road 2 O OGoogs Track 2 O MVO/

CloseClose from Park boundary to Rocky Creek Road.

Des Track 2 O Close Close and rehabilitate. Surplus to current recreation needs or fire management purposes.

Loop Track 2 O OFarleys Track 2 O MVO Also used as temporary fire breakLink Track 2 O OPeters Track 2 O Onorth-west track 2 O MVO Manage as an MVO to protect

sensitive Coral Fern environments.west boundary track 2 O O

Bogalara blockBailey’s Rocks Road 1 O O Road Reserve managed by West

Wimmera Shire, horse riding permitted.

boundary track 2 O O Subject to seasonal closure.1 Unnamed 1 O O Proposed alternative access road to

Sharams Road.2 " 2 O O Also used as temporary fire break.3 " 2 O O Also used as temporary fire break.4 " 2 O O5 " 2 O MVO Manage as an MVO.6 " 2 O O/Close

(part of)Close and rehabilitate parts of thistrack (figure 2). Surplus to current recreation needs or fire management purposes.

22

Dergholm State Park

The Park visit

Table 4 (cont.)

CURRENT FUTURE

ROAD OR TRACK NAME CLASS STATUS STATUS COMMENTS7 " 2 O Close Close and rehabilitate. Surplus to

current recreation needs or fire management purposes.

8 " 2 O Close Close and rehabilitate. Surplus to current recreation needs or fire management purposes.

Tracks to be maintained to their current class and status (unless otherwise stated). 1 = all weather 2WD road O = open to public vehicles2 = seasonal 2WD road MVO = management vehicles and walkers only

· Close and rehabilitate other tracks in the Park that are surplus to fire management (figure 2), including Des, part of Googs Tracks and unnamed tracks in the Bogalara block.

· Liaise with the Victoria Association of Four-Wheel Drive Clubs on road and track issues, and any seasonal or other closures.

· Promote the use of the western boundary tracks in the Youpayang block for scenic drives.

· Liaise with adjacent landholders and the Shires of Glenelg and West Wimmera to ensure that access roads in the Park are appropriately managed to protect heath environments by:

· encouraging use of alternative access routes outside the Park to the piggery;

· closing the former logging route on dune sands through the heathland (figure 2).

· Mark with signs, and promote, alternative scenic exit routes from Bailey’s Rocks such as the diagonal track to Sharams Road.

· Ensure that roadworks are in keeping with, and sensitive to, existing drainage patterns (section 4.3) and heath environments so as to minimise the spread of pathogens.

· Do not allow heavy vehicles to use Rocky Creek Road.

5.2.2 Day visits and campingThe main visitor area is Bailey’s Rocks in the Bogalara block (figure 2). Picnic tables (five), fireplaces and pit toilets are provided but some of these facilities are becoming degraded. Bailey’s Homestead site is near the parking area and will need to be assessed for its significance prior to any works (section 3.5). Camping is allowed at Bailey’s Rocks although there is no formal camping area. School groups and orienteering groups use this site as a base for nature-based activities. Numbers are generally low except for a few weekends a year when large orienteering events are held.

Pleasure driving occurs mainly between Bailey’s Rocks and Bilston’s Tree (a local tourist site between the Park and State forest). No visitor information is provided at the Park.

Provision of information and interpretation facilities would enhance the visitor experience.

The Park is used infrequently for dog walking, horse riding and cycling. Future use of the Park for these activities is expected to be low. Dogs can be accommodated in a specific area and horse riding and cycling on specified roads and tracks with minimal impact on park values.

The Park visit


Aims

· Provide low key visitor facilities which enhance visitor enjoyment and are consistent with protecting park values.

· Maintain the Park in its natural state while allowing for a range of nature-based recreation experiences.


· Review the design of Bailey’s Rocks visitor area and upgrade fireplaces and picnic areas. Consider redesigning the parking area following the assessment of Bailey’s Homestead (section 3.5).

· Permit camping in the Park only at Bailey’s Rocks.

· Investigate allowing dispersed camping in specified areas of the Park if demand warrants. If appropriate, seek to set aside such areas for camping.

· Permit horse riding on the following roads: Bailey’s Rocks entrance road and the Dergholm-Chetwynd and Tallengower Roads only (figure 2).

· Permit cycling only on tracks open to public vehicles. Apply seasonal road and track closures.

· Allow dogs on a leash in the Bailey’s Rocks day visitor area only or in vehicles in transit through the Park on the Dergholm-Chetwynd Road, Tallengower Road and Bailey’s Rocks Road. Do not allow dogs in the rest of the Park.

· Allow firewood collection for use in fireplaces in the Park only in the Bogalara block.

5.2.3 WalkingWalking tracks at Bailey’s Rocks follow the granite tors into Rocky Creek where some of the creek is becoming degraded (section 3.1). There are no other walkers-only tracks in the Park, but there are a number of scenic vehicle tracks, particularly in the Youpayang block,

that are suitable for walking. The Park offers many opportunities for overnight walking, although this activity is generally not undertaken.

Aim

· Maintain and improve the existing walking and vehicle track system to provide a range of walking opportunities while protecting park values.


· Promote walking circuits such as:

· Bogalara block - existing vehicle tracks north of Bailey’s Rocks (figure 2);

· Youpayang block - existing vehicle tracks including Loop Track, Peters Track, north-west diagonal track and boundary tracks.

· Maintain walking tracks at Bailey’s Rocks to prevent soil erosion (section 4.3).

5.2.4 OrienteeringOrienteering is a popular activity in the Bogalara block, in an area surrounding Bailey’s Rocks. The Park is used approximately every second year for large events and a number of weekends each year for local events, by orienteering groups such as South East Orienteers in South Australia. The Park is popular for this activity as it is a natural setting close to population centres in South Australia.

Most of the southern area of the Bogalara block is suited to this activity, provided it is away from more sensitive heath areas, although gullies and wet areas are susceptible to erosion and trampling and will need to be protected. If Cinnamon Fungus is detected in the Park, appropriate controls will need to be implemented. Bailey’s Rocks visitor area is currently an appropriate location to use as a base site for these group activities unless increases in visitor use in Rocky Creek degrade soils and vegetation.

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24

Dergholm State Park

Aim

· Allow orienteering in appropriate areas, consistent with the protection of conservation values.


· Permit orienteering in accordance with Parks Victoria guidelines.

· Promote a minimal impact approach to orienteering.

· Monitor the impacts of orienteering, particularly on Rocky Creek and other gullies. If impacts are occurring, ensure that orienteering courses avoid wet areas and gullies.

· Implement appropriate controls to prevent any spread of Cinnamon Fungus (section 4.2).

5.3 Visitor information, interpretation and education

There is little information and interpretation material available for the Park. There is no A4 information sheet for the Park nor are there information boards. Bailey’s Rocks would benefit from information and interpretation material, particularly about the Park’s high natural values and recreation opportunities.

The presence of school and orienteering groups as well as car-based visitors will increase demands for recreation and environmental information as well as increasing the need to protect certain natural values of the Park. The Park’s natural values should be promoted as its main feature.

There is a need to upgrade road and park signs as some of the existing signs do not reflect the current status of the Park.

Aims

· Provide visitors with information, orientation and interpretation to maximise knowledge of natural values, and enjoyment of the Park.

· Encourage visitors to adopt minimum impact activities.


· Improve visitor orientation signs at main entrances to the Park and along main tracks within the Park.

· Provide visitor information and interpretation material at Bailey’s Rocks. Emphasise the interpretation of natural values and the Park’s importance in protecting significant flora and fauna in the region.

· Develop a visitor information Park Note and continue to include Park information promoting walking and scenic drives in local tourist publications.

· Liaise with West Wimmera Shire and VicRoads to provide visitor information (signs and brochures) at Dergholm township.

5.4 Commercial tourism operations

The main tourism strength of the Park is its role in the local and regional community as a low profile visitor site, particularly as a picnic spot and for use by a number of recreational groups. There are currently no licensed tourism operators within the Park and there is limited interest from commercial operators to develop tourism opportunities within the Park.

Aim

· Support and complement broader tourism opportunities and activities in the region consistent with park management objectives.


· Encourage development of touring links between the Park and other features in the area.

· Encourage commercial tour operators to provide services compatible with park values.

5.5 Public safety

The Park visit


The remoteness, climate and topography of the Park represent inherent dangers and risks to Park visitors. Wildfire is a potential hazard during drier times of the year.

Aim

· Promote and encourage safe practices among staff and visitors to the Park.


· Manage the Park in accordance with Parks Victoria risk mitigation and emergency management guidelines.

· Encourage visitors to seek information on activities they intend to undertake in the Park.

· Ensure that staff are trained in appropriate emergency techniques and are able to assist in emergency situations.

Community awareness and involvement

26

Dergholm State Park

6 COMMUNITY AWARENESS AND INVOLVEMENT

6.1 Friends and volunteersA Friends group for the Park does not exist. Pine wilding control has been undertaken by the Australian Trust for Conservation Volunteers, and local field naturalists maintain bird lists for the area. However, given the isolation of the Park there is limited opportunity to utilise volunteers.

Aim

· Maintain volunteer involvement in managing the Park.

Management strategy

· Encourage and support use of the skills and interests of volunteers in undertaking appropriate park management activities.

6.2 Community awareness and Park neighbours

There are many community groups and associated projects operating within the region. The Good Neighbour Program and consultation with landholders has resulted in

successful rabbit and fox control programs on the boundaries of the Park. Interest in the Park from the community relates to the management of pest plants and animals, fire protection and maintenance of local access roads.

Aims

· Increase community awareness of management activities undertaken in the Park.

· Encourage conservation and sound land management practices on private land adjoining the Park.


· Liaise with local community groups and landholders and, as appropriate, involve them in relevant aspects of planning and management of the Park.

· Apply, and encourage the application of, the Good Neighbour Policy to management of issues on or near the boundaries of the Park (section 4.2).

Other issues


7 OTHER ISSUES

7.1 Authorised uses

7.1.1 ApicultureApiculture is permitted in the Park in accordance with the LCC recommendation to allow for continued honey production (LCC 1983). In the past there was a maximum of ten apiary sites for use in the Park but only six have been defined and used in recent times.

Aims

· Allow apiculture in accordance with LCC recommendations.

· Minimise the impact of apiculture on conservation and recreation values.


· Continue to provide up to 10 bee sites in the Park as shown in figure 2, and manage and administer apiculture in accordance with Parks Victoria guidelines.

· In consultation with the Victorian Aparists Association, review the requirements for bee sites in the Park.

7.1.2 OtherTelstra underground cables are located along the south-west boundary of the Youpayang block and along the Dergholm-Chetwynd and Tallengower Roads.

Licensed firewood collection does not occur in the Park.

Aims

· Provide for the appropriate use and licensing of public utilities in the Park.

· Minimise the impacts of the construction, maintenance and operation of public utilities on the Park.


· Ensure that public utilities are covered by section 27 consents and subject to

appropriate conditions in accordance with Parks Victoria guidelines.

· Prohibit the collection of firewood in the Park for use outside the Park.

7.2 Boundaries and adjacent usesThe Park is generally surrounded by freehold land, the majority of which has been cleared for grazing. Land use in the area is covered by a planning scheme administered by the West Wimmera Shire. Approximately four kilometres of private land and the Glenelg River separate the two blocks. Low level timber harvesting is undertaken in Dergholm State Forest which adjoins the Youpayang block on its eastern side. Other uses include pig farming on the south-west boundary of the Youpayang block (section 5.2.1).

The Park generally has an intact boundary fenceline except for the border with State forest in the Youpayang block. There are a number of inliers of private land in the Youpayang block which are generally fenced. There are, however, some fenced freehold areas which encroach into the Park.

There are a number of unused road reserves which are managed as part of the Park.

Plantations are an increasing adjacent land use and the spread of plantation species into the Park is a potential problem.

Aims

· Encourage co-operation with adjoining landholders in the protection of the Park.

· Minimise conflicts between park values and surrounding land use.


· Encourage habitat retention and enhancement adjacent to the blocks of the Park and the use of covenants and involvement schemes such as Land for Wildlife by adjacent landowners. Support other ways of linking the two blocks of the Park.

Other issues

28

Dergholm State Park

· Identify areas of boundary encroachment and modify fencing to consolidate the Park, including areas near the Glenelg River.

· Encourage adjacent landowners to maintain boundary fences.

· Establish 173 Agreements with adjacent plantation managers and continue liaison to ensure wildings are removed from the Park (section 4.2).

· Seek revocation of unused road reserves and incorporation of these areas into the Park.

· Liaise with local planning authorities and adjacent owners to minimise adverse effects on park values of activities or developments proposed on adjoining land, and in particular to minimise the spread of weeds and erosion from farm vehicles travelling through the Park.

Implementation


8 IMPLEMENTATION

A three-year rolling implementation program will be prepared for the Park to ensure efficient implementation of this Plan. Priorities for management are identified below in table 5 as an initial step in this process.

TABLE 5 PRIORITY MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES

MANAGEMENT STRATEGY SECTION IN PLAN


3.3Encourage habitat enhancement between the two blocks

Assess the historical significance of Bailey’s Homestead 3.5

Park protection

Adopt an appropriate ecological fire regime 4.1

Compile a fire history of the Park 4.1

Close and rehabilitate surplus tracks 5.2.1

Eradicate Coast Wattle 4.2

Control pine wildings and other localised weeds and plantation species 4.2, 7.2

Continue fox and rabbit control 4.2, 6.2

Manage access to protect heath environments 5.2.1

The Park visit

Promote appropriate scenic drives in the Park 5.2.1

Improve Bailey’s Rocks visitor area 5.2.2

Provide interpretation/information facilities at Bailey’s Rocks 5.3

Monitoring and research

Undertake further fauna research 3.3

Monitor fire history within the Park, particularly in heath areas 4.1

Undertake soil testing for Cinnamon Fungus 4.2

Monitor the impacts of orienteering on Rocky Creek 5.2.4

Monitor visitor numbers and use 5.1

MT ARAPILES-TOOAN STATE

PARK (TOOAN BLOCK)


Mt Arapiles-Tooan State Park (Tooan block)

33

9 RESOURCE CONSERVATION

9.1 Geological and landform features

The Tooan block consists of West Wimmera Plains and Lowan Dunefields. The block is characterised by a low irregular undulating plain with pronounced ridges and occasional dunes dominated by fine white sands.

The Tooan block has a number of subtle landform features, including naturally functioning intermittent drainage lines in intact condition, and low undulating dunes. Soil conservation is critical in these landforms (section 10.3).

Aim

· Protect areas of geological and geomorphological interest.

Management strategy

· Monitor and minimise the impact of visitors on geomorphological features, especially intermittent stream systems.

9.2 VegetationThe Tooan block is floristically unusual in that it supports significant intact remnants of the woodland vegetation of more fertile soils (LCC 1982) that have been largely cleared elsewhere for agriculture.

There has been little detailed flora survey in Tooan, except for Beauglehole (1984) and a number of local naturalists who have collected species records. There are therefore a number of species lists and specimen collections for the block, but an up-to-date species list is yet to be collated. A range of sources including NRE database (1997b), Beauglehole (1984) and unpublished data (Rogers et al.) indicate that 11 species considered rare or threatened (appendix2) occur, three of these listed under the Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act (appendix 2). A further 19 species considered regionally significant in the Wannon Natural Region are found in the block (Conn 1993).

The Kamarooka Mallee and Thorny Bitter-pea, which are rare in Victoria and Australia, (Gullan et al. 1990) are of national significance.

The block has a very diverse range of vegetation communities, including Red Gum Grassy Woodland, Yellow Gum Grassy Woodland, Casuarina Grassy Woodland, Brown Stringybark Heathy Woodland, Mallee (including a small patch of Rough Porcupine Grass), Broombush, Heathland and Wetland. The stands of grassy woodlands on more fertile soils are among the most important remaining stands in the State (other major stands occur in the Black Range and Little Desert, with lesser but important stands at the Grampians, Dergholm and a number of small reserves). Adding to the block’s significance is the number of naturally functioning intermittent drainage lines, features which are very poorly reserved in Victoria.

The Tooan block is separated from the Mt Arapiles block by cleared private land. However, a major community-based program in co-operation with Parks Victoria has been developing a habitat link between the blocks. The Tooan block is also an important link in the discontinuous habitat between the Little Desert, Jilpanger Flora and Fauna Reserve and areas to the south.

Fire management is an important aspect of the protection and enhancement of significant vegetation communities within the block (section 10.1).

Aims

· Conserve native plant communities in their natural condition, and maintain and enhance habitat diversity.

· Improve knowledge of the Park’s flora and requirements for management.




34


· Encourage a survey of the Park’s flora and production of an Ecological Vegetation Class map. Encourage tertiary students to undertake these activities.

· Continue to support the community-based program to develop a habitat link with the Mt Arapiles block and encourage the maintenance of existing habitat connections between Little Desert National Park and Jilpanger Flora and Fauna Reserve.

9.3 FaunaThere has been little fauna survey within the block other than a brief survey by Emison et al. (1978). Significant species are listed in appendix 3. However, detailed bird lists have been kept by local naturalists (R. Sutherland, pers. comm.).

A single breeding pair of Malleefowl, a species listed under the Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act and considered endangered in Victoria (NRE 1998), still occurs in the block, but their level of breeding success is unknown (research in both Victoria and New South Wales has found poor breeding success in nearly all small populations). Habitat corridors are important, particularly for movement between Tooan and areas outside and to the north of the block where other pairs are known to occur.

The Flora and Fauna Guarantee listed Red- tailed Black-Cockatoo, considered endangered in Australia, occasionally uses the area. A number of fauna species typical of Mallee habitats reach the southern limit of their range in Victoria in Tooan, including the Southern Scrub-robin, Variegated Fairy-wren, Gilbert’s Whistler and White-fronted Honeyeater (LCC 1982) (appendix 3).

Other significant fauna known to be present are the Bush Stone-curlew, which requires woodland habitat with fallen timber and litter, and Latham’s Snipe, which appears to use the intermittent wetlands in the block as a staging area during its migratory flights from Japan to southern Victoria and Tasmania (J. McQueen, pers. comm.), Painted Honeyeater (woodlands with mistletoe) and the Silky Mouse. Significant species likely to be present include

the Swift Parrot (woodlands) and Brush-tailed Phascogale. The diversity of environments and substrates suggests that an interesting reptile fauna is likely to be present.

The regionally significant Red-necked Wallaby is present in the Park; this species has declined considerably in western Victoria in the last few decades.

Aims

· Conserve native fauna and maintain the integrity of their habitats.

· Provide special protection for significant fauna.

· Protect genetic diversity of native populations and maintain habitat diversity.



· Encourage survey of the Park’s fauna.

· Continue to support programs to protect roosting and nesting sites for the Red-tailed Black-Cockatoo outside the block.

· Monitor populations of Red-tailed Black- Cockatoo as part of existing integrated programs such as Landcare and Land for Wildlife.

· Monitor Malleefowl pairs and nests and keep updated records of the species.

· Protect significant species such as Latham’s Snipe, Bush Stone-curlew and the Malleefowl by maintaining an appropriate fire regime and managing visitor use (sections 10.1 and 11.2).

9.4 LandscapeThe Tooan block is relatively uniform in its topography but contains a wide range of important habitats. The landform consists of undulating dunefields with an extremely high diversity of vegetation communities which can be viewed along the tracks. Spectacular



35

wildflower displays are a special feature of the block.

Aim

· Protect and preserve the landscape values of the Park in areas of scenic quality and visitor interest.

Management strategy

· Minimise the visual impact of management activities and authorised uses.

9.5 Cultural heritageThe Jardwadjali formed the language boundary covering a large area west of the Grampians. The nearest known clan location to the Tooan block was Djurid balug, or ‘Choorite balug’, (Clark 1990) which literally means ‘Mt Arapiles people’. In historical records, however, the Tooan area was not mentioned in connection with Aborigines (Edmonds 1992). The Goolum Goolum Aboriginal Co-operative is the relevant authority for Aboriginal cultural heritage.

A number of archaeological surveys have been undertaken in Mt Arapiles-Tooan State Park. The most comprehensive of these is Edmonds (1992) in which three sites were located in the Tooan unit: a scarred tree, surface scatter and an isolated artefact. These sites are also listed on the Aboriginal Affairs Victoria archaeological register (AAV 1997). Of these sites the extensive surface scatter near the entrance of the Park has major management implications, particularly in relation to potential disturbance from vehicles. Management actions recommended by Edmonds have been undertaken, such as the closure of an entrance track. Mt Arapiles is considered the more archaeologically sensitive of the two blocks. However, the Holocene dunes and sandsheets at Tooan may also be archaeologically sensitive, particularly near water (Edmonds 1992).

All Aboriginal material and sites are protected under the Archaeological and Aboriginal Relics Preservation Act and the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders Heritage Protection Act. An application for a native title determination was lodged with the Native Title Tribunal in 1997,

covering, among other areas, Mt Arapiles- Tooan State Park.

European association of the area is better documented. Major Thomas Mitchell passed through the block in 1836 on the ‘Australia Felix’ expedition (DCE 1990). Settlement occurred near Tooan from 1845 with the taking up of the St Mary’s Lake run (Edmonds 1992). From this time grazing and timber harvesting occurred in the Tooan block until grazing was discontinued in about 1959. A shepherd’s hut from this time is in the block and appears to be in excellent condition.

No sites of historical significance were identified in Tooan by the former LCC in its South Western Historic Places Investigation (LCC 1997).

Aim

· Conserve features of archaeological, historical and cultural significance.


· Identify, assess, protect, interpret, manage and monitor Aboriginal sites in accordance with Parks Victoria guidelines and Edmonds (1992) as appropriate, and in consultation with the Goolum Goolum Aboriginal Co-operative community and Aboriginal Affairs Victoria. Ensure that management works do not adversely affect sites.

· Conserve features of historic and cultural significance.

· Liaise with relevant experts regarding any assessments and conservation works on European historic places, including the shepherd’s hut, and undertake any works in accordance with the Parks Victoria guidelines.

Park protection

36


10 PARK PROTECTION

10.1 Fire managementThe National Parks Act requires the Director of National Parks to ensure that appropriate and sufficient measures are taken to protect parks and humans from injury by fire. Current fire protection measures are in accordance with the Department’s Code of Practice for Fire Management on Public Land (CNR 1995a) and with the (former) Horsham Region Fire Protection Plan (CFL 1989b). This plan includes provision for the maintenance of the Park’s system of fire protection tracks and liaison with private landholders for the common purpose of fire management within the Park and on adjacent land.

Parts of the block have been burnt frequently in the past when it was grazed (J. McQueen, pers. comm.) but no major wildfires have occurred in the Park for some time, although there have been small areas of fuel reduction burning (P. Hawker, pers. comm.). Grazier burning was concentrated in mallee and heathy woodland habitats, while the grassy woodlands were rarely burnt as they seldom carry a fire (J. McQueen, pers. comm.).

There is no burning program for the block at present, although one is being developed. Much of the block has not been burnt for at least 30 years and can be considered old- growth in these vegetation types. Such long unburnt areas are now uncommon and they provide important habitat values for a range of fauna (Meredith 1983), including the Malleefowl. The absence of recent fire is one of the values of the block.

Burning frequencies of eight years or less can be expected to cause ecological change in heathy and mallee communities. The preferred frequency range for ecological management is 12-25 years, with a range of fire ages present at any one time over the whole Park. Wetlands do not need intentional burning. Red Gum/Yellow Gum Woodlands will not often carry a fire and do not require ecological burning; fires caused by a high fuel load of introduced grasses can occur and can be damaging to these woodlands.

Given the highly complex patterning of vegetation in the block, the presence of large areas of natural fire breaks (grassy woodlands) and moderate flammability areas (wetlands, broombush), a major fuel reduction burning program is not recommended. However, it is important that the whole block does not burn at once (particularly for fauna conservation), so fire planning should aim both to ensure the protection of surrounding land and to minimise the potential for the whole area to burn while still maintaining old growth values.

Autumn burning will usually lead to more rapid regeneration, because it avoids the dry summer period, and is safer in terms of risks of re-lights.

Aims

· Protect human life, property and park values from injury by fire.

· Minimise the adverse effects of all fires and fire suppression methods on park values.

· Maintain fire regimes appropriate to the conservation of native flora and fauna.


· Manage fire in accordance with the Horsham Region Fire Protection Plan (CFL 1989b) and the Code of Practice (CNR 1995a).

· Develop an ecological burning program that maintains ecological values and makes contributions to fire protection of park and property.

· Ensure that vegetation types that do not have an ecological requirement for fire are not burnt.

· Ensure that the Reference Area is zone 5 (exclusion of prescribed burning) and that the remainder of the block is zone 4 (specific flora and fauna management) for fire management purposes.

Park protection


37

· Where appropriate, use ecological burning to link vegetation types of low flammability.

· To prevent the spread of pathogens, ensure that appropriate hygiene strategies are implemented.

· Ensure that the movement of earth moving machinery for fire protection and other works is adequately supervised.

· Rehabilitate areas following fire as soon as possible.

· Avoid using earth-moving machinery in the Reference Area.

· Slash along boundary tracks to enable their use as fire breaks and to prevent the duplication of tracks (section 11.2.1).

· Close and revegetate the fire break parallel to Fenceline Track.

10.2 Pest plants and animals and diseases

The Park has remarkably low numbers of pest plants (approximately 30 recorded — unpublished data from Rogers et al.), in part because of the infertility of the sandy soils. There are no significant pest plant issues in the sandy areas. The most threatening pest plants are Cape Tulip, Stinkwort, Bridal Creeper (Smilax), various thistles, Horehound and African Daisy.

The more fertile soils of the grassy woodlands support higher numbers of weeds, mostly wind-dispersed grasses for which control is generally not feasible, although minimising disturbance will reduce their spread.Infestations of Veldt Grass occur around the boundaries and should be a priority for control, but the areas of grassy woodland that are internal to the block have much lower levels of introduced grasses. The key weed management issue in this block is to maintain these low-weed areas in good condition through minimising disturbance, including fire, and by spot control of weeds such as thistles as necessary.

The pest animal issues in the Park do not appear to be serious. Control measures should concentrate on foxes (which have the most severe impact on wildlife and which are likely to be the greatest threat to the survival of the Malleefowl in the block) and rabbits (where they are damaging park or surrounding land values). Current rabbit populations are not high, but if the calicivirus becomes established in the area it will present a critical opportunity to control this species through a follow-up program.

Aims

· Eradicate, or otherwise control, introduced plants, animals and diseases.

· Protect the Park from other threats and diseases.

· Minimise the impact of control programs on native flora and fauna.


· Maintain areas of low weed infestation, especially in the internal grassy woodlands; minimise disturbance, including fire, and undertake spot control of localised weedy areas.

· Target the following priority weed species:

· Cape Tulip;· Stinkwort;· Bridal Creeper;· thistles;· Horehound;· African Daisy;· Veldt Grass.

· Control and monitor new occurrences of pest plants before they have an opportunity to establish.

· Continue to control foxes, especially in relation to Malleefowl and Bush Stone- curlew breeding; control rabbits as necessary, and undertake follow-up control to enhance any effects of the Calicivirus on the population.

Park protection

38


· Continue pest plant and animal control works in the Park which complement works on adjacent private land (section 12.2).

10.3 Soil conservationLowan Dunefields consist of windblown white dunes with uniform fine to medium sands and sandy yellow duplex types. The West Wimmera Plains consist of a low irregular undulating plain with pronounced ridges and occasional dunes with grey cracking clay, red duplex and sandy loam duplexes (WRLPWG 1993).

The sandy soils are generally susceptible to disturbance from vehicles and other activities, particularly during dry months. Access in areas with clay soils, such as Three Mile Swamp Track, is often closed during winter months (section 11.2.1). Drainage lines are also susceptible to disturbance in high rainfall.

Aim

· Prevent and control soil disturbance and erosion.


· Monitor for erosion along sandy tracks and repair where necessary.

· Continue to restrict access to reduce the threat of soil erosion and damage (section 11.2.1).

The Park visit


39

11 THE PARK VISIT

11.1 The Park visitorThe Tooan block of the Mt Arapiles-Tooan State Park offers visitors opportunities to enjoy activities including nature study and walking in a remote setting.

In contrast to the Mt Arapiles block (DCE 1991), visitor numbers are very low at approximately 250 people per year. Visitors are generally from the immediate region, including adjacent land owners and visitors to Mt Arapiles and Natimuk. In contrast to the Mt Arapiles block, it is unlikely that visitor numbers or recreational activities will increase, because of the Tooan block’s relatively flat and uniform topography and the availability of a range of attractive alternative opportunities in the region.

The Park falls within Tourism Victoria’s Grampians product region.

Providing for the visitorThe Park offers visitor experiences in a significant and highly natural setting. Visitor opportunities are limited because of the remoteness and topography. Visitor experience falls generally into one category: nature study and associated low-key activities, including walking.

There are no visitor services or facilities in the block although there are entrance signs and track signs throughout. High levels of recreational use are not considered appropriate in the block because of high natural and cultural values. However, promotion of the block’s high conservation significance, particularly for nature study, is appropriate.

Aim

· Provide for visitors in accordance with the above overview of future management for visitors.


· Permit recreational activities in accordance with table 6.

· Apply market survey findings on visitor profiles, patterns of behaviour, expectations and preferences to assist in park management.

· Encourage all visitors to adopt minimum impact techniques and to adhere to codes of conduct appropriate to their activity.

11.2 Visitor recreation activities and facilities

11.2.1 Vehicle accessThe road plan in Tooan was developed in consultation with the community, including the Country Fire Authority. Some tracks were closed because they duplicated other tracks or fire breaks.

Localised flooding in the Park has recently caused wash-outs in drainage lines (such as the one crossing Triodia Track) as well as some minor erosion on other roads. Off-road motorbike use damages the fragile soils.

Use of tracks in clay areas during wet weather poses risks to visitors and causes damage to the tracks. Temporary closure has been applied to Three Mile Swamp Track.

The main access route into the block is along Worthy’s Road near St Mary’s Lake. There is no well-defined entrance to the block(figure 3).

Aim

· Maintain an appropriate road and track network for visitor use and management purposes.


· Manage and permit use of the current road network in accordance with table 7 and figure 3, and monitor for localised erosion (section 10.3).

40 Mt Arapiles-Tooan State Park (Tooan block)

The Park visit

TABLE 6 SUMMARY OF RECREATIONAL ACTIVITIES

ACTIVITY CONSERVATION ZONE REFERENCE AREA ZONE

Picnicking (no facilities) Y NWalking Y NCamping (no facilities) Y NBicycle riding YC * NHorse riding YC ** N2WD - driving YC* N4WD - touring YC* NOrienteering N NRock climbing/Abseiling N/A NFishing N/A NFossicking N NHang gliding, paragliding N/A NFirewood removal N NHunting N NDogs N N

Y Yes * Permitted only on tracks open to the YC Conditional public vehiclesN Not appropriate ** Permitted only on boundary tracks N/A Not applicable

TABLE 7 MANAGEMENT OF ROADS AND TRACKS

ROAD OR TRACK NAME CURRENT COMMENTS*

CLASS STATUS

Three Mile Swamp Track 2 O Apply temporary road closure in wetweather as necessary.

Mallee Hill Track 3 OMcRaes Track 2 OGymbowen Track 2 OTea Tree Track 3 MVO Adjacent to Reference Area.Fenceline Track 3 OBoundary Track 3 OTriodia Track 2 OIsaacson Road 2 O Located partly within the Park, partly

on road reserve, maintained by West Wimmera Shire.

Duffholme Road 2 O Track is located within the Park,adjacent to road reserve.

* Tracks to be maintained to their current class and status (unless otherwise stated)2 = seasonal 2WD road (seasonal conditions may

make impassable)3 = 4WD trackO = open to public vehicles

MVO = management vehicles and walkers only

The Park visit


41

· Permit bicycles on roads and tracks open to public vehicles (table 7 and figure 3).

· Permit horses only on tracks along the boundary (figure 3).

· Promote and enforce regulations regarding off-road motorbike use, and take additional action where necessary.

· Liaise with VicRoads and the West Wimmera Shire to improve signage to the Park, particularly from the Wimmera Highway.

· Liaise with the West Wimmera Shire to minimise impacts from road maintenance.

· Upgrade signage at the Park entrance (via Worthy’s Road) to ensure that visitors experience a sense of arrival (section 11.3).

· Maintain Tea Tree Track as an MVO track to protect and buffer the Reference Area from fire and other activities. Ensure that the Country Fire Authority has access to this track when required for fire suppression purposes (section 10.1).

11.2.2 Day visits, camping and walkingMinimal visitor use occurs in the Tooan block. The popular day visit and camping sites in the area are at Mt Arapiles and St Mary’s Lake, which are adjacent to the Tooan block (figure 3). Walkers in the block are mainly natural historians and local land owners. There are no facilities such as campgrounds or walking tracks. The Park can sustain the current minimal level of use both on and off tracks.

Dogs are permitted at Centenary Park in the Mt Arapiles block. There is little demand for dog walking in the Tooan block.

Aim

· Maintain the limited range of low-key but unique recreation opportunities.


· Permit recreation activities, in accordance with table 6.

· Allow, but do not encourage, dispersed camping and walking off track. Monitor impacts to the block’s values. Do not permit dogs.

11.3 Visitor information and interpretation

Park signs are located at every entrance point but there are very few signs on main roads and highways to the block. The block lacks a defined entrance point including road and direction signs (section 11.2.1).

Interpretation and information is limited and mainly focused on Mt Arapiles because of the high visitor numbers. A brochure for the Park highlights the importance of the Tooan block for nature conservation rather than recreation.

Aims

· Provide visitors with appropriate levels of quality information, orientation and interpretation to maximise knowledge of natural and cultural values of the Park.

· Encourage visitors to adopt minimum impact activities.


· Provide adequate visitor orientation information at road access and entrance points (section 11.2.1).

· Continue to promote the Park’s conservation values and the use of minimal impact techniques.

11.4 Commercial tourism operations

No commercial tours operate within the Tooan block. The Park, and particularly the Mt Arapiles block, has opportunities to provide nature-based tourism and cultural tourism. However, use of the Tooan block will need to be carefully managed to protect its important and sensitive natural values.

42


The Park visit

Aim

· Provide opportunities for commercial tourism services consistent with park management objectives.

Management strategy

· Ensure that commercial tourism operations are consistent with park objectives, sustainable, and in accordance with Parks Victoria guidelines.

11.5 Public safetyClimate, lack of water and wildfire are potential hazards during drier times of the year.

Aim

· Promote and encourage safe practices among staff and visitors to the Park.


· Manage the Park in accordance with Parks Victoria risk mitigation and emergency management guidelines.

· Encourage visitors to seek information on activities they wish to undertake in the Park.

· Ensure that Park staff are trained in appropriate emergency techniques, and are able to assist in emergency situations.

.

Community awareness and involvement


43

12 COMMUNITY AWARENESS AND INVOLVEMENT

12.1 Friends and volunteersThe Park has an important and prized volunteer resource assisting with park management. The Friends of Mt Arapiles-Tooan State Park assist in many important management activities such as the development of habitat links utilising roads between the two blocks (section 9.2). An Advisory Committee for the Park gives valuable advice on a range of management issues such as fire protection, recreation management (in relation to the Mt Arapiles block) and adjoining land issues. Members of the Committee are representatives from the local community.

Aim

· Encourage and maintain volunteer involvement in managing the Park.

Management strategy

· Encourage and support the Advisory Committee and the Friends groups for the Park, and activities that enhance the Park’s values.

12.2 Community awareness and Park neighbours

There is strong local interest in the Park, mainly from local land owners and field naturalists. The adjoining land owners’ main interests in the Park relate to the management

of fire and pest plants and animals, and nature conservation. There is an extensive historical knowledge of the Park within the local area and associations with early grazing runs. The Wimmera community is actively involved in Landcare activities throughout the region, including tree planting, protection of remnant vegetation, demonstration sites and pest plant and animal control.

Aims

· Increase public awareness of management activities undertaken in the Park.

· Encourage conservation and sound land management and recreation practices on private land adjoining the Park.


· Continue to liaise with local groups and landholders, and as appropriate involve them in relevant aspects of planning and managing the block.

· Apply, and encourage the application of, the Good Neighbour Policy to management issues on or near the boundaries of the block (section 10.2).

Other issues

44


13 OTHER ISSUES

13.1 Authorised usesApiculture is permitted in the Park in accordance with the LCC recommendation (LCC 1982). There are five bee sites in the block. Two of these are adjacent to the Reference Area (figure 3). Ministerial directives for the management of Reference Areas require bee sites to be located at least 2 km from Reference Areas.

There are no other authorised uses within the block.

Aims

· Allow apiculture in accordance with LCC recommendations.

· Minimise the impact of apiculture on conservation and other park values.

· Minimise the impacts of the construction and maintenance of public utilities on the Park.


· Continue to permit and manage use of three bee sites in the block in accordance with Parks Victoria guidelines.

· Finalise relocation of the two bee sites adjacent to the Reference Area to suitable alternative locations, in consultation with the Victorian Apiarists’ Association and local apiarists.

· Maintain the block’s natural and remote values by encouraging the location of any proposed public utilities outside the block.

· Ensure that any essential public utilities are covered by a section 27 consent and managed in accordance with Parks Victoria guidelines.

13.2 Boundaries and adjacent usesThe Tooan and Mt Arapiles blocks are separated by approximately five kilometres of private land. Roads join the two blocks and revegetation of these roads is being undertaken

to provide a habitat link (section 9.2). The Park has patchy yet important habitat connections with Little Desert National Park in the north, and Jilpanger Flora and Fauna Reserve. This has implications for a range of significant species, including the Malleefowl (section 9.3).

Most of the adjacent land use is cropping; rabbits and fire management are the main issues for boundary management in these areas. Land use in the area is covered by a planning scheme administered by the West Wimmera Shire and the Rural City of Horsham. The block’s boundaries are generally well fenced. The Wimmera Highway joins a section of the block’s southern boundary. There are also areas of uncleared uncommitted Crown land adjoining the block, increasing its natural values.

There are a number of unused road reserves within the Park boundary. These are managed as part of the Park.

St Mary’s Lake Reserve, managed by Parks Victoria, adjoins the eastern side of the block. This is a popular location for fishing, yabbying, camping, and to a lesser extent duck shooting and water skiing. Apart from the Mt Arapiles block, this site is the only visitor focus close to the block. If visitor use of this site increases, it may place pressure on the Park, particularly on the archaeological values of the area.

Aims

· Co-operate with adjoining landholders in the protection of the Park from fire, pests, visual threats, erosion and other hazards.

· Minimise conflicts between park values and surrounding land use.


· Liaise with adjoining landholders in relation to fire and pest plant and animal management (section 10.2) and to minimise impacts on the Park’s natural drainage lines (section 9.1).

Other Issues


45

· Liaise with local planning authorities and adjacent land owners to minimise adverse effects on park values of activities or developments proposed on adjacent land.

· Seek closure of unused road reserves and incorporation into the Park.

· Ensure that there are no adverse impacts on the block from increasing use of St Mary’s Lake Reserve.

Implementation

46


14 IMPLEMENTATION

A three-year rolling implementation program will be prepared for the Parks to ensure efficient implementation of this Plan. Priorities for management are identified below in table 8 as an initial step in this process.

TABLE 8 PRIORITY MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES

MANAGEMENT STRATEGY SECTION IN PLAN

Resource conservation9.2Continue to support development of a habitat link between the two blocks

Conserve significant archaeological features 9.5

Park protectionAdopt appropriate ecological fire regimes 10.1

Undertake spot control of weeds 10.2

Continue pest animal control (foxes and rabbits) 10.2

The Park visitSeek closure of unused road reserves and incorporation into the Park 13.2

Improve signage to and in the Park 11.2.1, 11.3

Monitoring and researchEncourage flora and fauna surveys and production of a vegetation map 9.2, 9.3

Monitor Malleefowl pairs and nests 9.3

References


47

REFERENCES

AAV 1997 Aboriginal Archaeological Register.Aboriginal Affairs Victoria, Department of Human Services, Victoria.

Beauglehole, A. C. 1984 The Distribution and Conservation of Vascular Plants in South West Victoria. Western Victorian Field Naturalists Clubs Association, Portland.

Carr, G.W. & Horsfall, P.F. 1995 ‘Studies in Phormiaceae (Liliaceae) 1: New Species and Combinations in Dianella’. Muelleria Vol. 8, No. 3, 365-378.

Clark, I. D. 1990 Aboriginal Languages and Clans: An Historical Atlas of Victoria, 1800 - 1900. Monash Publications in Geography No 37. Department of Geography and Environmental Science, Monash University, Melbourne.

CFL 1989a Portland Region Fire Protection Plan. Department of Conservation, Forests and Lands, Victoria.

CFL 1989b Horsham Region Fire Protection Plan. Department of Conservation, Forests and Lands, Victoria.

CNR 1995a Code of Practice for Fire Management on Public Land. Department of Conservation and Natural Resources, Victoria.

CNR 1995b Threatened fauna in Victoria - 1995, Department of Conservation and Natural Resources, Victoria.

Conn, B.J. 1993 ‘Natural Regions and Vegetation of Victoria’ in Flora of Victoria Volume 1 Introduction, eds D.B. Foreman and N.G. Walsh, Inkata Press, Melbourne.

DCE 1990 The Major Mitchell Trail, Exploring Australia Felix. Department of Conservation and Environment, Melbourne.

DCE 1991 Mt Arapiles - Tooan State Park: Mt Arapiles Management Unit Management Plan. National Parks and Public Land Division, Horsham Region, Department of Conservation and Environment, Victoria.

Edmonds, V. 1992 Mt Arapiles-Tooan State Park Archaeological Survey. A report to

the Goolum Goolum Aboriginal Co- operative Ltd.

Emison, W.B., Porter, J.W., Norris, K.C. & Apps, G.J. 1978 Survey of the vertebrate fauna of the Grampians-Edenhope area of southwestern Victoria. Mem. Nat. Mus. Vict. 39: 281-363.

Gullan, P.K., Cheal, D.C. & Walsh, N.G. 1990 Rare or Threatened Plants in Victoria. Department of Conservation and Environment, Victoria.

Joseph, L., Emison, W.B. & Bren, W.M. 1991 ‘Critical Assessment of the Conservation Status of Red-tailed Black-Cockatoos in South eastern Australia with Special Reference to Nesting Requirements’. EMU Vol. 9, 46-50.

LCC 1981 Report on the South Western Area, District 1 - Review. Land Conservation Council, Melbourne.

LCC 1982 Final Recommendations South Western Area District 2. Land Conservation Council, Melbourne.

LCC 1983 Final Recommendations South Western Area District 1 - Review. Land Conservation Council, Melbourne.

LCC 1996 Historic Places Special Investigation South Western Victoria Descriptive Report. Land Conservation Council, Victoria.

LCC 1997 Historic Places Special Investigation South Western Victoria Final Recommendations. Land Conservation Council, Victoria.

Meredith, C. W. 1983 Fire and birds - the results of two studies and their relevance to fuel-reduction burning, in E H M Ealey, ed., ‘Fighting fire with Fire - a Symposium on Fuel-reduction Burning’. Monash University, Melbourne.

References

48


NPS 1995 National Parks and Conservation Reserves Guidelines and Procedures Manual. Department of Conservation and Natural Resources, Victoria.

NRE 1998 Threatened Vertebrate Fauna in Victoria - 1998. Department of Natural Resources and Environment, Victoria.

NRE database 1998a Atlas of Victorian Wildlife. Department of Natural Resources and Environment, Victoria.

NRE database 1998b Flora Information System. Flora Section, Arthur Rylah Institute, Department of Natural Resources and Environment, Victoria.

Rankin, D. J. W. 1997 Flora Survey of the Dergholm State Park South West Victoria. Flora Section, Department of Conservation and Natural Resources, Victoria.

Rogers F.J.C., Sutherland Dr. R.M. & Paterson, G. (unpublished data) Botanical field surveys and collections. Specimens held at Parks Victoria office, Natimuk.

WRLPWG 1993 Wimmera Regional Landcare Plan. Wimmera Regional Landcare Plan Working Group.

Personal communications

S. Ransome, Environment Conservation Council, Melbourne.

J. McQueen, local land owner, Natimuk.

Dr. R. Sutherland, local land owner, Tooan.

P. Hawker, Parks Victoria, Natimuk.

Dr. C. Meredith, Biosis Research, Melbourne.

Appendices


APPENDIX 1 SIGNIFICANT FLORA - DERGHOLM STATE PARK

SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME STATUS

Rare and threatened speciesAllocasuarina luehmannii Buloke dDianella callicarpa Swamp Flax-lily vGlycine latrobeana Clover Glycine V v, LHibbertia humifusa ssp. debilis Grampians Guinea-flower R rHibbertia sessiliflora Heathy Guinea-flower rPomaderris halmaturina ssp. continentis Glenelg Pomaderris vPtilotus erubescens Hairy-tails e

Regionally significant speciesAdiantum aethiopicum Common MaidenhairAjuga australis Austral BugleAllocasuarina misera Slender SheokeAllocasuarina verticillata Drooping SheokeAsplenium flabellifolium Necklace FernBanksia ornata Desert BanksiaBaumea arthrophylla Fine Twig-sedgeBaumea tetragona Square Twig-sedgeBlechnum minus Soft Water-fernBoronia coerulescens ssp. coerulescens Blue BoroniaCaladenia carnea s.s Pink Fingers CaladeniaCaladenia menziesii Hare OrchidCentrolepis fascicularis Tufted CentrolepisCheilanthes austrotenuifolia Green Rock FernConospermum mitchellii Victorian Smoke-bushCorybas diemenicus Veined Helmet-orchidCyperus lucidus Leafy Flat-sedgeDanthonia penicillata Slender Wallaby-grassDaviesia ulicifolia Gorse Bitter-peaDerwentia derwentiana Derwent SpeedwellDillwynia hispida Red Parrot-peaDiuris pardina Panther OrchidEchinopogon ovatus Common Hedgehog-grassEleocharis gracilis Slender Spike-edgeEnneapogon nigricans Nigger-headsEriochilus cucullatus Parson's BandsEucalyptus fasciculosa Pink GumEucalyptus viminalis ssp. viminalis Manna GumEuchiton involucratus s.s. Star CudweedGalium australe Tangled BedstrawGalium binifolium Reflexed Bedstraw

Appendices

50 Dergholm State Park

Appendix 1 (cont.)


Geranium potentilloides Gleichenia microphylla

Cinquefoil Cranesbill Scrambling Coral-fern

Gratiola pedunculata Stalked BrooklimeGrevillea lavandulacea var. lavandulacea Lavender GrevilleaHardenbergia violacea Purple Coral-peaHibbertia virgata var. crassifolia Twiggy Guinea -flowerHydrocotyle capillaris Thread PennywortHymenophyllum rarum Narrow Filmy FernIndigofera australis Austral IndigoIxodia achillaeoides ssp. alata IxodiaLagenifera gracilis Slender LageniferaLepidosperma laterale Variable Sword-sedgeMenkea australis Fairy SpectaclesMicrotis arenaria Sand Onion-orchidMitrasacme distylis Tiny MitrewortMuellerina eucalyptoides Creeping MistletoeMyriophyllum amphibium Broad MilfoilParietaria debilis Shade PellitoryPhylloglossum drummondii Piggy ClubmossPlantago debilis Shade PlantainPoa labillardieri var. labillardieri Common Tussock-grassPsoralea adscendens Mountain PsoraleaPterostylis pedunculata Maroon-hoodSambucus gaudichaudiana White ElderberryScleranthus diander Tufted DianderSenecio biserratus Jagged FireweedSphaerolobium minus Globe-peaStellaria pungens Prickly StarwortXanthorrhoea caespitosa Yacca

Sources: Rankin (1997), Beauglehole (1984), NRE database (1998b).

Status after Gullan et al. (1990) & Carr and Horsfall (1995):AustraliaR rareV vulnerable

Victoriad depletede endangeredL listed under the Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act r rarev vulnerable

Regional significance from NRE database (1998b)- species occurring in less than 1% of the records in the Wannon Natural Region (Conn 1993) and Beauglehole (1984)


51

Appendices

APPENDIX 2 SIGNIFICANT FLORA - TOOAN BLOCK


Rare and threatened speciesAcacia rupicola Rock Wattle rAgrostis billarieri var. filifolia Coast Blown Grass vComesperma polygaloides Small Milkwort v, LDaviesia pectinata Thorny Bitter-pea R rEucalyptus phenax Kangaroo Island Mallee rEucalyptus froggattii Kamarooka Mallee R r, LPtilotus erubescens Hairy-tails e, LSenecio hypoleucus Pale Fireweed rStipa setacea Corkscrew Spear-grass rTriglochin minutissimum Tiny Arrow-grass rZieria veronicea Pink Zieria r

Regionally significant speciesBrachyscome perpusilla Rayless DaisyBaeckea behrii Broom BaeckeaCaladenia dilata spp. agg. Green-comb Spider-orchidDanthonia auriculatum Lobed Wallaby-grassD. linkii Leafy Wallaby-grassEremophila gibbifolia Coccid Emu-bushEucalyptus behriana Bull MalleeE. goniocalyx s.s. Long-leaf BoxE. leptophylla Slender-leaf MalleeE. leucoxylon ssp. stephaniae Yellow GumE. viridis ssp. wimmerensis Wimmera Mallee-boxGnaphalium indutum Tiny CudweedGoodenia amplexans Clasping GoodeniaHibbertia exutiacies Spiky Guinea-flowerMelaleuca acuminata Creamy Honey-myrtleM. wilsonii Violet Honey-myrtlePittosporum phylliraedoides Weeping PittosporumPlantago drummondii Dark PlantainWahlenbergia communis s.l. Tufted Bluebell

Sources: Beauglehole (1984), NRE database (1998b), Rogers et al. (unpub)

Threatened flora status after Gullan et al. (1990): AustraliaR Rare

Victoriae endangeredL listed under the Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act r rarev vulnerable

Regional significance from NRE database (1997b)- species occurring in less than 1% of the records in the Wannon Natural Region (Conn 1993) and Beauglehole (1984).

CAMBA Chinese and Australia Migratory Bird Agreement regional Regionally significantDD Data deficient V Vulnerable in AustraliaE Endangered in Australia Vul Vulnerable in VictoriaEnd Endangered in VictoriaJAMBA Japanese and Australia Migratory Bird Agreement Location:L listed under the Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act D—Dergholm State ParkLR(nt) lower risk (near threatened) in Victoria T—Tooan block of Mt Arapiles-TooanN Nominated for FFG State Park

Appendices


APPENDIX 3 SIGNIFICANT FAUNA

SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME STATUS LOCATION

MammalsMacropus rufogriseus Red-necked Wallaby regional TPseudomys apodemoidesPhascogale tapoatafa

Silky MouseBrush-tailed Phascogale

ntVul, L

D, TD, T (not confirmed)

BirdsAcanthagenys rufogularis Spiny-cheeked Honeyeater regional TAcanthiza uropygialisAphelocephala leucopsis Ardea alba

Burhinus grallarius Calyptorhynchus banksii Cincloramphus cruralis Cincloramphus mathewsi Circus assimilis Drymodes brunneopygia Gallinago hardwickii Grantiella pictaGrus rubicunda Hylacola cauta Hylacola pyrrhopygia Lathamus discolor Leipoa ocellata Malurus lamberti Melanodryas cucullata Melithreptus gularis Mirafra javanica Neophema elegans Nymphicus hollandicus Oxyura australis Pachycephala inornataPhylidonyris albifrons

Chestnut-rumped ThornbillSouthern Whiteface Great Egret

Bush Stone-curlewRed-tailed Black-Cockatoo Brown SonglarkRufous Songlark Spotted Harrier Southern Scrub-robin Latham’s Snipe Painted Honeyeater BrolgaShy HylacolaChestnut-rumped Heathwren Swift ParrotMalleefowl Variegated Fairy-wren Hooded RobinBlack-chinned Honeyeater Singing BushlarkElegant Parrot CockatielBlue-billed Duck Gilbert’s WhistlerWhite-fronted Honeyeater

""End, L , JAMBA, CAMBAEnd, LE, End , Lregional """JAMBA, CAMBA

Vul, L Vul, L regional DDV, End, L V, End, Lregional """""Vul, N regional "

TT T

TD, T TT T T T T D T T T T T T T T T T T TT

FishGadopsis marmoratus River Blackfish DD D (Salt Creek -

Nannoperca variegata Variegated Pigmy Perch LR(nt), Loutside Park)D (Salt Creek - outside Park)

OtherMyrmecia sp. 17 Bullant Vul, L T

Source: NRE database (1998a), LCC (1982), D. Sutherland, pers. comm., C. Meredith, pers. comm.

Status (CNR 1995a; NRE 1998):

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DERGHOLM AND MT ARAPILES- TOOAN STATE PARKS

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Sealed road Bee site

OVERLAY Unsealed road Management vehicle only track

IS'SJ Special Protection Area Gate

Drainage line

V ICTORIACactography by Biosis Research Pty ltd 1997

dergholm state park and mt arapiles-tooan state park...

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